ACUTE TICK-BORNE DISEASESTESTING FOR LYME DISEASE, ANAPLASMOSIS, BABESIOSIS,

EHRLICHIOSIS, AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER.

I N F E C T I O U S D I S E A S E S A T M A Y O C L I N I C

M A Y O M E D I C A L L A B O R A T O R I E S . C O M / T I C K B O R N E

LYME DISEASELyme disease is the most common tick-borne illness in North America and is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. Patients treated with appropriate antibiotics in the early stages of the disease are likely to recover completely. In later stages, response to treatment may be slower, but the majority of patients with Lyme disease recover completely with appropriate treatment.

INFECTION ACQUIRED FROMBlacklegged or deer tick (Ixodes scapularis) and the western blacklegged tick (Ixodes pacificus).

GEOGRAPHIC PREVALENCELyme disease is most prevalent in the northeastern, mid-Atlantic, northcentral and Pacific Coast of the United States.

SYMPTOMSFever, headache, fatigue, and a characteristic bull’s-eye pattern skin rash called erythema migrans. If left untreated, infection can spread to joints, the heart, and the nervous system.

BABESIOSISBabesiosis is caused primarily by the protozoan parasite Babesia microti. Most cases of babesiosis are probably subclinical or mild, but the infection can be severe and life threatening, especially in older or asplenic patients.

INFECTION ACQUIRED FROMBlacklegged or deer tick (Ixodes scapularis).

GEOGRAPHIC PREVALENCEBabesiosis is most prevalent in the northeastern, Upper Midwest, and Pacific Coast of the United States.

SYMPTOMSFever, fatigue, malaise, headache, and other flu-like symptoms. Patients may have hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. In severe cases: hemolysis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and shock.

0–1 104–7591–5 5–104

9.4–44.8NN 0.5–9.40 0–0.5

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF LYME DISEASE INCIDENCE IN 2012Cases per million

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF BABESIOSIS INCIDENCE IN 2012Cases per million (NN = Not notifiable)

Historically, only certain pockets of the United States posed a risk for tick-borne disease. However, the geographic range of ticks has expanded and large areas of the population are now at risk. Because of this increased risk, it is important that physicians recognize who to test, when to test, and what test to use.

Tick-borne diseases do occur worldwide, including both temperate and tropical climates. Though, in the United States, major tick-borne diseases include Lyme disease, anaplasmosis, babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

Mayo Medical Laboratories offers a full menu of tick-borne disease tests and test panels (see back cover). Our acute tick-borne disease testing algorithm also helps guide appropriate testing.

EXPANDING GEOGRAPHIC RANGE INCREASES IMPORTANCE OF TESTING

8 0 0 - 5 3 3 - 1 7 1 0 o r + 5 0 7 - 2 6 6 - 5 7 0 0

A C U T E T I C K - B O R N E D I S E A S E T E S T I N G

ANAPLASMOSISHuman granulocytic anaplasmosis (HA) is caused by the tick-borne bacterium, Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Anaplasmosis can be a serious illness that can be fatal if not treated correctly, even in previously healthy people.

INFECTION ACQUIRED FROMBlacklegged or deer tick (Ixodes scapularis) and the western black-legged tick (Ixodes pacificus).

GEOGRAPHIC PREVALENCEHA is most prevalent in the Upper Midwest and in other areas of the United States that are endemic for Lyme disease.

SYMPTOMSFever, headache, muscle pain, malaise, chills, nausea and abdominal pain, cough, confusion.

3.1–136NN 0.7–3.10 0.1–0.7

EHRLICHIOSISEhrlichiosis in the U.S. is caused primarily by Ehrlichia chaffeensis, but E. ewingii and Ehrlichia sp. Wisconsin (E. muris-like) are also known to cause infection in humans. Most cases of ehrlichiosis are probably subclinical or mild, but the infection can be severe and life-threatening in some individuals. INFECTION ACQUIRED FROMLone Star tick (Amblyomma americanum) (for E. chaffeensis and E. ewingii).

GEOGRAPHIC PREVALENCEEhrlichiosis is most prevalent in the southeastern, and southcentral regions of

the United States.

SYMPTOMSFever, fatigue, malaise, headache, and other “flu-like” symptoms, including myalgias, arthralgias, and nausea. Central nervous system involvement can result in seizures and coma.

3.3–26NN 1–3.30 0.3–1

ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVERIn addition to Rickettsia rickettsii, the agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), several other tick-borne species of Rickettsia, broadly grouped under the heading “Spotted Fever group Rickettsia (SFGR)” have been shown to cause human infections. Tick-borne SFGR may cause similar signs and symptoms to those observed for RMSF and can potentially be fatal in humans.

0 19–630.2–1.5 1.5–19

INFECTION ACQUIRED FROMAmerican dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis), Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni), and brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus).

GEOGRAPHIC PREVALENCERMSF is most prevalent in the southeastern United States.

SYMPTOMSHigh fever, chills, severe headache, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF RMSF INCIDENCE IN 2010Cases per million

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF EHRLICHIOSIS DUE TO E. CHAFFEENSIS INCIDENCE IN 2010

Cases per million (NN = Not notifiable)

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF ANAPLASMOSIS INCIDENCE IN 2010Cases per million (NN = Not notifiable)

*Disease information and geographic distribution data available at www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 7/2014

FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT ACUTE TICK-BORNE DISEASE LABORATORY TESTING VISITMayoMedicalLaboratories.com/tickborne

MC2775-67rev0714

@mayocliniclabs/mayocliniclabsnews.mayomedicallaboratories.commayomedicallaboratories.com

AVAILABLE TESTS FROM MAYO MEDICAL LABORATORIES} Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis) Antibody, Serum (Test ID: ANAP)} Babesia microti IgG Antibodies, Serum (Test ID: BABG)} Babesia species, Molecular Detection, PCR, Blood (Test ID: LBAB)} Ehrlichia/Anaplasma, Molecular Detection, PCR, Blood (Test ID: EHRL)} Ehrlichia Antibody Panel, Serum (Test ID: EHRCP)} Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi ), Molecular Detection, PCR (Test ID: PBORR)} Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi ), Molecular Detection, PCR, Blood (Test ID: PBORB)} Lyme Disease Antibodies, Immunoblot, Serum (Test ID: LYWB)} Lyme Disease Serology, Serum (Test ID: LYME)} Lyme Disease Serology, Spinal Fluid (Test ID: CLYME)} Tick-Borne Antibody Panel, Blood (Test ID: TICKP)} Tick-Borne Antibody Panel, Serum (Test ID: TICKS)} Spotted Fever Group Antibody, IgG and IgM, Serum (Test ID: SFGP)