test marker infographic guidebook - … complete blood count and chemistry panels values, use “lab...

TEST MARKER INFOGRAPHIC GUIDEBOOK

ForewordThe material in this program comes from nearly thirty years of clinical experience,

extensive research during writing my books, Prolonging Health and Viral Immunity,

and academic studies. The information in this program can help you become a more

aware health consumer and a better, proactive patient. In some cases, it can guide

you through the maze of medical jargon so you can discover solutions and remove

the obstacles that get in the way of personal wellness. Remember, your health and

wellness is your responsibility. - Dr. J.E. Williams, OMD

Note on Reference RangesReference ranges are based on U.S. LabCorp values and converted S.I. International

Units. Note that some values and ranges have been updated since Program 1: “How to

Read Your Blood Tests.” For Complete Blood Count and Chemistry Panels values, use

“Lab Testing Worksheet” in the “How to Read Your Blood Tests” program. Also note,

you do not need the “How to Read Your Blood Tests” program to use this program.

Medical DisclaimerThe information in this program is for educational purposes only. It is meant to as a

guide towards health and does not replace the evaluation by and advice of a qualified

licensed health care professional. For detailed interpretation of your health and specific

conditions, consult with your physician.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

IntroductionTen Tests for Personal Wellness

Test Marker Infographics

The Complete Blood Count White Blood Cells, Red Blood Cells, Platelets

Lipid Tests Cholesterol (Total), Triglycerides, LDL Cholesterol, HDL Cholesterol

Thyroid Health Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, Free T4, Free T3, TPO

Adrenal Health Cortisol, DHEA-S, Pregnenolone

Blood Sugar Tests Glucose, Hemoglobin A1c, Insulin

Homocysteine

Inflammation Markers C-Reactive Protein, Sedimentation Rate, Antinuclear Antibody

Vitamin Tests Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, Folate

Iron Tests Total Iron, Ferritin, Iron Binding Capacity

Metabolic Panels Electrolytes, Minerals, Protein, Albumin, Bone Health, Liver Health, Kidney Health

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Test Marker Guidebook (Page 1)


The Complete Blood Test Blueprint – Ten Tests for Personal WellnessThe age of personalized medicine is here. As a proactive patient, you can take charge of your own wellness by using blood tests to guide nutritional supplement and dietary choices. You are not diagnosing disease. That’s what your doctor is trained to do. But, you can manage your per-sonal wellness as good or better than your doctor, because the traditional MD and DO have no training in nutrition or wellness medicine.

Your starting point is radical change including a whole, organic, live plant-based fresh food diet, and regular robust exercise. Your goal is optimal personal wellness and radiant health, but you need a road map. Your blood tests are exactly a map of your body’s biomarkers. Using this map, you can learn from objective, real and meaningful values if your diet and supplements are work-ing, or not. Let’s get started.

What is a Blood Test?

A medical, or clinical, blood test is a laboratory analysis performed on a blood sample drawn from a vein in the arm using a special needle, or from a finger prick. Traditional, blood tests help doctors check for certain diseases and health conditions. They provide insight into the function of your organs—such as the kidneys, liver, thyroid, and heart—and show how well treatments are working. They are used to find out whether you have risk factors for heart disease, levels of inflammation in your body, how well your blood is clotting, if you have infections like viruses of Lyme, and check for levels of drugs and toxic substances. Getting tested is easy and safe. Most complications are minor and related to improper needle insertion, like bruising, and go away shortly after the tests are done.

How Much Blood is Taken?

Some tests use whole blood like when counting blood cells, and others separate blood cells from the fluid, called plasma or serum. The amount taken depends on the test and number of tests. Most commonly only a few glass tubes, about 10 mL, are filled with venous blood and sent to the lab for testing. However, for extensive testing, like for a comprehensive health assessment or anti-aging panel, as many as six, or more, tubes may be required. Your body makes new blood quickly. For comparison, on average, a normal, healthy individual who donates a unit of blood (about 450 ml or ¾ pint) will recoup blood loss in four to six weeks.

What is the Best Time to Get Your Blood Drawn?

The best time to get your blood tested is in the morning before 9:00 a.m. Most tests require 12-hour fasting. After dinner, you cannot have any thing to eat or drink, other than water, until you have your blood drawn.

Keep These Tips in Mind BEFORE Going for Blood Tests:

• Don’t eat or drink any thing, except water, after dinner and skip breakfast until you have your blood drawn.

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(Page 2) The Complete Blood Test Blue Print Program


• Drink a glass or two of pure water in the evening and another one an hour before your blood is taken because if you are dehydrated it’s difficult for the lab technician or nurse to draw the blood, as it can get concentrated and too thick.

• Go to the lab early, preferably as soon as they open in the morning and no later than 9:00a.m.

• People who are very hungry in the morning or feel weak until they’ve had breakfast may have hypoglycemia, low blood sugar. They may find it difficult to wait to eat until after the test; however, it’s important not to eat any thing before your blood is drawn. Bring a sandwich, yo-gurt, or orange juice with you so you can consume something right after your blood is taken to raise your blood sugar.

• Extensive testing may require multiple tubes of blood. This is not a concern, as your body will quickly make fresh new blood cells. However, you need to drink one or two glasses of pure water after you’ve had your blood drawn to replace fluids.

• Eat a good breakfast and lunch, and take your nutritional supplements, the day of your blood draw to restore energy.

Does it Hurt?

The only discomfort is when the lab technician or nurse inserts the needle into a vein, and even then it’s only a slight pricking sensation. When the blood is drawn out and moved into the glass vials, there is no pain at all. If a lot of blood is taken, you may feel temporarily dizzy. That goes away quickly, especially if you have something to eat to raise your blood sugar.

What do the Results Mean?

This program is about what your results mean. Every test and all possibilities cannot be cov-ered, which is the role of your doctor to interpret for you. However, your can assess many fac-tors, especially function and nutritional status, for yourself.

What Tests Give You Fundamental Information about Your General Health Status?

All doctors assess your health status with three standard profiles: the complete blood count (CBC), comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP), and the basic lipid panel. However, for a more complete picture of your body’s health, you need to check thyroid and adrenal markers, how well you’re processing glucose, a marker or two for cardiovascular disease risk beyond total choles-terol, a check on inflammation, and the most important vitamins.




What Tests Should I Get?Great question! While it is best to work with a practitioner to determine the best tests to get – based on your symptoms, lifestyle and age – here are some basic guidelines based on the test markers you’ll find outlined in this program.

Essential Starter Panel – Simple Starter Testing Protocol

Ordering these tests will give you a basic understanding of your overall blood, metabolic and lipid health. This Essential Starter Panel is not particularly thorough, and we would recommend – particularly, if you have any symptoms – a much more complete analysis.

• CBC – The Complete Blood Count with Differential and Platelets• Chemistry/Metabolic Panel• Lipid Panel with LDL/HDL ratio

Complete General Health Panel – Complete Program Testing Protocol

This is the complete general health panel that analyzes almost all of the markers that you’ll find in this program. For the healthy, this protocol is best done yearly to determine any trends that are hap-pening with your own health. For those with symptoms or illnesses, this is the first place to help identify what may be happening. Then, further – and more frequent – testing may be required.

Since this is a general protocol, there is no difference between female or male or age range. These would be the tests you request from your health practitioner or lab:

• CBC – Complete Blood Count with Differential and Platelets• Chemistry/Metabolic Panel• Lipid Panel with LDL/HDL ratio• TSH, (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)• Cortisol, AM Fasting• DHEA-s• Pregnenolone• Hemoglobin A1c• Insulin• Homocystine• C-Reactive Protein (Cardiac)• Vitamin B12, serum• Vitamin D, 25-hydroxy• Total Iron

Additional Considerations

If you have symptoms or a suspicion that you have a thyroid issue and your TSH levels are ab-normal, these additional tests are valuable:




• Free T3• Free T4• TPO, Thyroperoxidase Antibody

If your Total Iron is abnormal, these additional tests are valuable:

• Ferritin, Serun• Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)

If your C-Reactive Protein is abnormal and you have symptoms of an autoimmune condition, these additional tests are valuable:

• Sedimentation Rate (ESR)• Antinuclear Antibody (ANA), Direct

If you are not a vegetarian and rarely eat vegetables, you might consider this test:

• Folate (Folic Acid)


The Complete Blood Count

The Complete Blood Count (CBC) is a blood test used to evaluate your overall health and detect a wide range of disorders, including anemia, infection and leukemia.



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The Complete Blood Count: White Blood Cell, or Leukocytes (WBC)

WBC Clinical Levels: 4.0 - 10.5 x 103/µLThe clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

SI Units Clinical Levels: 4.0 - 10.5 x 109/L • Desirable Levels: Within Range • Optimal Levels: 5.5 - 10.0

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High LevelsWBCs levels greater than 10.5 x 103/µL mean your immune system is rallying its infections fighters. High counts are found in acute infec-tions (usually bacterial), inflammation, leuke-mia, and some times are due to allergies, stress, and cigarette smoking. WBCs can be high just after intense exercise.

Eective Remedies and Dosages

See your doctor if you have high fever and severe symptoms, including joint pain. For common infections like colds and flu, consider Echinacea tincture or extract, Elderberry flow-ers, Yarrow, and Boneset. High doses of Vita-min C, orally or intravenouslly, can be helpful.

Low LevelsWhite cells help fight infection. Low WBCs, less than 3.5 x 103/µL, suggest immune defi-ciency, chronic infections (usually viral), immune suppression from drugs used to treat autoimmune diseases, cancer, chronic hepati-tis, and may be found in rheumatoid arthritis, and in alcoholism.


Zinc picolinate, 30-60 mg daily; Beta glucan, 100-500 mg daily; Vitamin C, 500-1,500 mg daily; Transfer Factor, 500 mg daily; Colostrum, 500-1500 mg daily; Astragalus (Astraglus mem-branaceus), No standards for dosage; Medicinal Mushrooms, No standards for dosage.

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DefinitionWBCs are infection fighters. The WBC count gives the total number of white cells, also called leuko-cytes. For a complete look at your white cells, doctors order a di�erential. These tests determine the number and percentage of each of the five main types of white cells in a blood sample. Together, they provide the total percentage of WBCs and give an idea of how your immune system is working.

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The Complete Blood Count: Red Blood Cell, or Erythrocytes (RBC)

RBC Clinical Levels: 4.7 - 6.1 x 103/µL (Male) 4.1 - 5.4 x 103/µL (Female)The clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

SI Units Clinical Levels: Same as Above • Desirable Levels: Same as Above • Optimal Levels: Same as Above

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Desirable & Optimal Clinical

High LevelsToo many red cells is associated with heart and kidney disease, stress, excessive exercise, dehydration, and high altitude climbs.

E�ective Remedies and Dosages

Donate blood to reduce volume. For chroni-cally high levels, regular donation every few months may be necessary.

Low LevelsToo few red cells is a sign of anemia, and can also be caused by deficiency of vitamin B12, folic acid, iron, or copper. It is also associated with blood loss, cancer, and chronic heart and liver disease.


Treatment is aimed at correcting underlying causes of anemia. Iron (Glycinate), 45-65 mg daily; Vitamin B12 (Methycobalamin), 1,000 to 5,000 mcg daily; Folic Acid, 400-800 mcg daily; L-Carnitine, 100 mg per 2.2 pounds of body weight; Acai, Cranberry, Blackberry, and Blue-berry; Dang Gui (Angelica sinesis) and He Shou Wu (Polygonum multifori).

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DefinitionRBCs transport oxygen to all body cells. The RBC count determines the number of red blood cells in a blood sample. Red cells also carry iron, magnesium, Omega-3s, and other nutrients.

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The Complete Blood Count: Platelets

Platelet Clinical Levels: 140 - 415 x 103/µLThe clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

SI Units Clinical Levels: 140 - 415 x 109/L • Desirable Levels: Within Range • Optimal Levels: 350 - 400

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High LevelsIt is clinically rare to see high levels of platelets. However, increased platelets are found with blood loss and injury, inflammatory conditions, infection, iron deficiency, and some cancers.


Seek medical advice to find and solve the underlying cause.

Low LevelsA wide range of conditions drives platelets down, including drugs, alcohol, chemotherapy for cancer, bone marrow failure, and autoimmune conditions a�ecting the spleen and platelets. Chronic viral infection that damage the liver, like Hepatitis C, are associated with low platelets. HIV infection results in decreased platelets.


There are no specific treatments for low platelets. However, supplements and herbs that benefit blood, plus those that enhance vitamin K, are useful. Vitamin K, 65 to 80 mcg daily; Vitamin C, 500 to 1,500 mg daily; Green leafy vegetables, especially kale; Da Zao (jujube or Ziziphus zizyphus), 5-6 dates made into tea .

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DefinitionPlatelets are cells that act as the first line in blood clotting and tissue repair. They have many other important functions in the body and help maintain normal homeostasis.

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Lipid Tests

The Lipid Profile is a group of tests that are used to determine risk of coronary heart disease.



Lipid Tests: Cholesterol, Total

Cholesterol, Total, Clinical Levels: 100 - 199 mg/dLThe clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

SI Units Clinical Levels: 2.59 - 5.15 mmol/L • Desirable Levels: 3.75 - 4.27 • Optimal Levels: 3.23 - 3.75

High LevelsHigh cholesterol is associated with a sugary, fat-rich diet. However, weak thyroid gland function, diabetes, kidney and liver disease also cause elevated levels.


Raw food, vegan, low-fat diet for three to five months. Increase dietary fiber: 8-10 servings vegetables and fruits, fiber supplement. Red Yeast Rice Extract, 600-1,200 mg twice daily; Phytosterol Complex, 850-2,500 mg daily; Policosanol, 10-20 mg twice daily; Bergamonte (Citrus Bergamia), 500 mg daily.

Low LevelsLow cholesterol is found in acute hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer, as well as hyperthy-roid. It is also commonly seen in malnutrition associated with vegan diets, extreme low fat diets, and malabsorption.


To raise your cholesterol levels, eat more fats and oils, such as olive oil and coconut oil. Plus, eat fish, shellfish, meat, dairy, and eggs.

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DefinitionCholesterol is the body’s main fat. It is required for cell membrane health, and is an important part of bile acids, steroid hormones, and vitamin D. The liver manufacturers seventy percent of the body’s total cho-lesterol, the remaining thirty percent comes from diet. Cholesterol level is determined by lipid metabo-lism, which in turn is influenced by genetic predisposition, diet, liver health, the thyroid gland, and other endocrine hormone functions. Screening should be performed after twelve hour fasting.

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Lipid Tests: Triglycerides

Triglycerides Clinical Levels: 0 - 149 mg/dLThe clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

SI Units Clinical Levels: 0 - 1.68 mmol/L • Desirable Levels: Less than .79 • Optimal Levels: Less than .57

High LevelsHigh triglyceride levels are found in hypothy-roidism, metabolic syndrome, alcoholism, genetic predisposition, and stress.


Lipase, 100 to 250 mg daily; Vitamin C, 1,500 to 3,000 mg daily; Nicotinic Acid (vitamin B3), 100 to 2,000 mg daily.

Low LevelsLow levels are not a health concern unless they’re dramatically low. Causes include malnu-trition, malabsorption, and hyperthyroidism.


Correcting the underlying cause is primary. If due to extremely low fat diet, treatment includes taking fish oil supplements and increasing the calorie content of your diet.

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DefinitionTriglycerides are a type of fatty sugar (glycerol plus three fatty acids) and are made in the liver from sugar, alcohol, and fat. Though an important energy source in the body, high triglyceride levels convert to body fat, especially “belly fat.” The test is performed as part of the lipid panel.

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Lipid Tests: LDL Cholesterol (Low Density Lipoprotein, “Bad Cholesterol”)

LDL Cholesterol Clinical Levels: 0 - 99 mg/dLThe clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

SI Units Clinical Levels: 0 - 2.56 mmol/L • Desirable Levels: Less than 2.07 • Optimal Levels: Less than 1.81

High LevelsHigh LDL is caused by modern Western diet, lack of exercise, and some have a genetic predisposition to higher than normal levels.


The primary treatment is a low fat, high fiber, plant-based diet. Regular, vigorous exercise is necessary. The raw vegan diet has a profound effect on lowering LDL. Ginkgo Biloba extract (8:1), 250 to 500 mg daily; Red Yeast Rice extract, 600 to 1,800 mg daily; Phytosterol complex, 500 to 2,000 mg daily.

Low LevelsLow levels are healthy and indicative of a decreased risk for cardiovascular disease. However, levels that are too low may increase mood disorders like anxiety and depression.


To raise levels, take omega-3 fish oils and increase dietary sources of healthy fats and oils.

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DefinitionLDL is a type of lipoprotein that helps transport fat in the blood. Too much LDL is associated with greater risk for cardiovascular disease. LDL particles vary in size and density with small dense particles, referred to as Pattern B, associated with higher cardiovascular risk.

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Lipid Tests: HDL Cholesterol (High Density Lipoprotein, “Good Cholesterol”)

HDL Cholesterol Clinical Levels: 39 - 125+ mg/dLThe clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

SI Units Clinical Levels: Greater than 1.01 mmol/L • Desirable Levels: > 1.55 • Optimal Levels: > 1.68

High LevelsHigh HDL is associated with a protective effect against cardiovascular disease. Levels that are too high have been linked to worsening of type I diabetes; however, no one knows what high levels mean.


Seek medical advice to find and solve the underlying cause.

Low LevelsLow HDL levels are linked to increased risk for cardiovascular disease. It may be caused by dietary deficiency of healthy fats and oils, and is associated with a genetic predisposition to lower levels.


Consume a plant-based, low sugar, high fiber diet, combined with regular, vigorous exercise. Nuts, especially walnuts, have a positive effect on HDL. Moderate use of alcohol has been linked with higher levels of HDL cholesterol. Niacin (as nicotinic acid), 500 to 1,500 mg daily (or “non-flushing” inositol nicotinate, 1,500 mg daily); Omega-3 fish oil, 1,000 to 3,000 mg daily; Phytosterol complex, 500 to 2,000 mg daily.

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DefinitionHDL is another type of lipoprotein, but considered to be protective against cardiovascular disease. In healthy people, about thirty percent of cholesterol is carried by HDL.

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Thyroid Health

The Thyroid Health panel is a group of tests that are used to determine how the thyroid is functioning.



Thyroid Health: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), or Thyrotropin

TSH Clinical Levels: 0.450 - 4.500 mU/LThe clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.


High LevelsHigh TSH means low thyroid function, hypothy-roidism. Treatment for an under functioning thyroid gland is complex; If you have an elevated TSH, see you doctor for accurate diagnosis.


E�ective treatment occurs in three stages:Stage 1: Change your diet to include thyroid-friendly foods, eliminating thyroid-toxic foods. Reduce stress. Cleanse your body of toxic heavy metals. Treat viral infections, if you have them, like herpes virus and Epstein-Barr. Stage 2: Add supplements that benefit the thyroid. L-Tyrosine, 500-1,500 mg daily; Iodine (potassium iodide), 500-12,000 mcg daily; Selenium, 200-800 mcg daily.Stage 3: Take thyroid replacement therapy as bio-identical thyroid hormones, or Armour or Westroid.

Low LevelsLow TSH means hyperthyroidism, too much thyroid hormone secretion. If you TSH is below the reference range, see your doctor.


If your TSH is below the reference range, see your doctor.

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DefinitionTSH is a peptide hormone synthesized and secreted by thyrotrope cells in the anterior pituitary gland, which regulates the function of the thyroid gland.

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Thyroid Health: Free Thyroxin, or FT4 (Free T4)

Free T4 Clinical Levels: 0.82 - 1.77 ng/dLThe clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

SI Units Clinical Levels: 10.55 - 22.78 pmol/L • Desirable Levels: Within Range • Optimal Levels: 15.44 - 18.02

High LevelsHigh levels of free T4 mean hyperthyroidism.


See you doctor if your free T4 is elevated above the reference range.

Low LevelsLow free T4 goes with elevated TSH, which means hypothyroidism.


Follow the three stages outlined for high TSH. See your doctor if your TSH is above 10 mcU/mL and if your free T4 is below the reference range.

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DefinitionFree T4 is a more direct measure of T4 (Thyroxin) concentration. Most of the thyroxine (T4) in the blood is attached to a protein called thyroxine-binding globulin. Less than 1% of the T4 is unattached, or free. Free thyroxine affects tissue function in the body, but bound thyroxine does not, therefore free T4 is the more sensitive test.

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Thyroid Health: Free T3, or Free Triiodothyronine

Free T3 Clinical Levels: 2.0 - 4.4 ng/dLThe clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

SI Units Clinical Levels: 3.08 - 6.78 pmol/L • Desirable Levels: 4.31 - 6.78 • Optimal Levels: 4.93 - 6.78

High LevelsHigh levels are associated with hyperthyroidism.


If your free T3 levels are elevated, see your doctor.

Low LevelsLow T3 means hypothyroidism.


Follow the three stages to treat low thyroid func-tion under high TSH. See your doctor if your free T3 levels are below the reference range.

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DefinitionFree T3, bioavailable Triiodothyronine (T3), confirms the diagnosis of thyroid disease. T3 is the metaboli-cally active form of thyroid hormone. Most of the T3 in the blood is attached to thyroxine-binding globu-lin with less than 1% of the T3 in the free, unattached form. T3 has a greater eect on the way the body uses energy than T4.

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Thyroid Health: TPO, or Thyroperoxidase Antibody

TPO Clinical Levels: 0 - 34 IU/mLThe clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

SI Units Clinical Levels: Same as above • Desirable Levels: Same as above • Optimal Levels: Same as above

High LevelsHigh levels are associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Grave’s disease (autoimmune hyperthyroidism), and adrenal insu�ciency.


If your TPO is elevated, see your doctor. If you are self-treating, follow the recommendations for high TSH and low T3, T4. In addition, treat low adrenal gland function.

Low LevelsLow levels are normal and mean that you do not have autoimmune thyroid disease.


Not applicable.

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DefinitionTPO is the main antigen involved in thyroid cell toxicity. It is a bound glycoprotein that helps the activity of iodine and how it incorporates with the amino acid tyrosine to synthesize TSH. Elevated levels are associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

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Adrenal Health

The Adrenal Health panel is a group of tests that are used to determine how the adrenals are functioning.



Adrenal Health: Cortisol (Hydrocortisone) - AM, Fasting

Cortisol (AM, Fasting) Clinical Levels: 6.2 - 19.4 µg/dThe clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

SI Units Clinical Levels: 171 - 535 nmol/L • Desirable Levels: 171 - 414 • Optimal Levels: 138 - 266

High LevelsHigh morning cortisol levels mean an over active adrenal gland. If severe, it can result in Cushing’s syndrome. Stress causes moderate elevations of cortisol. Also, surgery, trauma, and kidney failure are associated with high levels. Both depression and anxiety are associated with high cortisol.

E ective Remedies and Dosages

If you have high cortisol, see your doctor for diagnosis. If your levels are in the high-normal or moderately elevated range (17-22 μg/dL), then reduce stress; practice meditation, tai chi, yoga; and, improve the quality of your sleep. Supplements may help. Phosphatidylserine, 50-100 mg nightly before sleep; Ashwa-gandha (Withania somnifera), 150-500 mg daily; L-Theanine, 100-250 mg daily.

Low LevelsLow cortisol means adrenal gland fatigue. Very low levels – 5 μg/dL – is Addison’s disease. But even when morning levels are below 10 μg/dL, the adrenal glands can be under active, which is called corticoadrenal insu�ciency.


See your doctor for treatment. Bio-identical hydrocortisone replacement therapy may be necessary. Stress reduction and a healthy sleep cycle are key. Adjust your diet to manage low blood sugar. Eat a high protein breakfast and don’t skip meals. Take supplements and adaptogenic herbs: Vitamin B5, 500-1,500 mg daily; Vitamin C, 1,500-3,000 mg daily; Rhodiola Extract , 200-500 mg daily; American Ginseng Root, 100-250 mg daily; Schizandra Berry, 100-250 mg daily.

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DefinitionCortisol is a steroid hormone produced in the adrenal gland. It is released in response to stress and when steroid hormone levels are low in the blood. It helps increase blood sugar, suppress the immune system and inflammation, and aids in fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism.

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Adrenal Health: DHEA-S (Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate)

DHEA-S Clinical Levels: Depends on Age and Sex (See below), µg/dlThe clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

High LevelsHigh DHEA-S is most commonly found in DHEA supplement overdose.


Since high levels are associated with some cancers and over active adrenal glands, see your doctor.

Low LevelsLow DHEA-S is associated with aging and adrenal insufficiency. In men, low DHEA-S is also found in gonadal failure.


Follow the same diet, life style, and supplements for treating low adrenals and cortisol imbalances. In addition, take a DHEA (micronized) supple-ment, 5-25 mg daily.

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DefinitionDHEA-S is a weak male hormone produced by the adrenal glands in both men and women. Levels vary by gender and age.

10 +200 (M Age 21-44)250 (M Age 45-75)150 (F Age 21-44)150 (F Age 45-75)

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SI Units, µg/L (M Age 21-44) Clinical Levels: 2000 - 4500 • Desirable & Optimal Levels: Within Range (M Age 45-75) Clinical Levels: 2500 - 3500 • Desirable & Optimal Levels: Within Range (F Age 21-44) Clinical Levels: 1500 - 3500 • Desirable & Optimal Levels: Within Range (F Age 45-75) Clinical Levels: 1500 - 2500 • Desirable & Optimal Levels: Within Range

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Adrenal Health: Pregnenolone

Pregnenolone Clinical Levels: 53 - 357 ng/dLThe clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

SI Units Clinical Levels: 1.67 - 11.28 nmol/L • Desirable Level: 3.16 • Optimal Level: 4.74

High LevelsHigh pregnenolone can be caused by supple-ment overdose.


It is uncommon and if your level is high, see your doctor.

Low LevelsLow pregnenolone occurs during aging, when under stress, and in adrenal insu�ciency.


Follow the same diet, life style, and supple-ments for treating low adrenals and cortisol imbalances. In addition, take a Pregnenolone supplement: Pregnenolone (micronized), 10-30 mg daily.

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DefinitionThe adrenal glands and the gonads produce all steroid hormones. Pregnenolone is formed from choles-terol are the first step in making steroid hormones, which goes along two paths from pregnenolone. The first path is into 17-Hyroxypregnenolone and the other is into DHEA.

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Blood Sugar Tests

Blood sugar tests include several different tests that measure the amount of sugar (glucose) in a person’s blood. These tests will show risk for diabetes and other insulin related diseases.



Blood Sugar Tests: Glucose (Fasting Blood Sugar)

Glucose (Fasting Blood Sugar) Clinical Levels: 65 - 99 mg/dLThe clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

SI Units Clinical Levels: 3.61 - 5.50 - mmol/L • Desirable Levels: 3.89 - 5.00 • Optimal Levels: 4.16 - 4.72

High LevelsHigh levels are diagnostic for diabetes; excess adre-nal hormone syndromes, like Cushing’s; and, chronic inflammation of the pancreas. Estrogen and corticosteroid drugs tend to cause spikes in glucose.


Levels above 125 mg/dl indicate diabetes and need to be managed by your doctor. Eat a plant-based, high-fiber diet, plus get regular intensive daily exercise. Consume foods with glucose lowering benefits, like Yacon syrup and Orléans strawberry. Alpha Lipoic Acid; 250-500 mg twice daily; Glucose Tolerance Factor Chromium, 200-400 mcg daily; Omega-3 Fish Oil, 1,000-3,000 mg daily; Green Co ee Bean Extract (standarized to 50% chlorogenic acid), 400-800 mg daily.

Low LevelsLow levels are associated with hypoglycemia or “low blood sugar,” too much insulin like in insulin-resistance metabolic disorders, adre-nal gland insu�ciency, liver disease, and a wide range of other conditions.


Dietary changes are the hallmark of treatment for hypoglycemia. The “hypoglycemic diet” involves frequent and small, balanced meals - 4-5 times daily - that include adequate protein with each meal. If your levels are chronically low, or if you feel dizzy or lightheaded, please see your doctor.

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DefinitionGlucose is a simple sugar and the most important carbohydrate in the body. Cells use it as the primary source of energy, especially the brain. Glucose is a primary source of energy for the brain and when low (hypoglycemia), processes requiring mental e ort like thinking, creativity, and even self-control and decision-making are impaired.

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Blood Sugar Tests: Hemoglobin A1c (Hbg A1c), or Glycosated Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin A1c Clinical Levels: 4.8 - 5.6%The clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

SI Units Clinical Levels: .048 - .056 • Desirable Levels: .048 - .054 • Optimal Levels: .048 - .051

High LevelsHigh values are related to diabetes, increased cardiovascular disease risk, and accelerated aging.


A plant-based, high-fiber diet, rich in protein and whole grains, plus regular intensive daily exercise, does a lot to help control Hemoglobin A1c level. Super foods with Hemoglobin A1c-lowering benefits include Yacon syrup from Peru, and Orlé-ans strawberry (Fragaria vesca var Orléans). Alpha Lipoic Acid, 250-500 mg twice daily; GTF (Glucose Tolerance Factor) Chromium, 200-400 mcg daily; Omega-3 Fish Oil, 1,000-3,000 mg daily; Green Co ee Bean Extract (standarized to 50% chlorogenic acid), 400-800 mg daily.

Low LevelsLow values are associated with health and longevity, and levels that are too low indicate hypoglycemia.


Dietary changes are the hallmark of treatment for hypoglycemia. The “hypoglycemic diet” involves frequent and small, balanced meals - 4-5 times daily - that include adequate protein with each meal. If your levels are chronically low, or if you feel dizzy or lightheaded, please see your doctor.

1

2

3 4

DefinitionHemoglobin A1c is a form of hemoglobin that gives an idea of the average glucose level over prolonged periods of time. It is formed when hemoglobin is exposed to glucose. Lower values are associated with health and longevity, while higher values are related to diabetes and accelerated aging.

4.8 5.6 +


5.1 5.4

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Blood Sugar Tests: Insulin

Insulin Clinical Levels: 0 - 24.9 IU/mLThe clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

SI Units Clinical Levels: 0 - 172.93 pmol/L • Desirable Levels: 0 - 104.18 • Optimal Levels: 13.89 - 69.45

High LevelsHigh levels are associated with insulin resis-tance and metabolic syndrome, and excess adrenal hormone activity, as well as over use of corticosteroid drugs like prednisone.


See the recommendations for lowering glucose levels, balancing adrenal hormones, and lowering total cholesterol and LDL.

Low LevelsLow levels are found in diabetes and problems with the pancreas.


If you suspect diabetes, see your doctor. How-ever, you can have very low insulin levels and not have high glucose. In such a case, you wouldn’t be labeled as diabetic. Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) extract (0.5% charantin), 64-120 mg; Goats Rue (Galega o�cinalis) extract, 53-150 mg; Cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) extract, 16-32 mg; Vanadium sulfate, 12.5-25 mg.

1

2

3 4

DefinitionInsulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas. It is the single hormone that controls carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle for use during periods of high physical demand, like strenuous exercise. Too much insulin stops the use of fat as an energy source, and depending on glucose for energy, you crave sugar and gain weight.

0 24.9 +


15.02.0 10.0

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Homocysteine

Homocysteine is a non-protein amino acid that is bio-synthesized in the body. High levels are associated with increased risk for chronic inflammation, cardio-vascular disease, and Alzheimer’s.



Homocysteine

Homocysteine Clinical Levels: 0.0 - 15.0 umolThe clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.


High LevelsHigh levels indicate vitamin B12, B6, and/or folic acid deficiency. High homocysteine can also be caused by smoking, alcoholism, hypothyroidism, kidney disease, diabetes, and a genetic defect in the metabolism of vitamin B12 or amino acids.


Lifestyle changes are indicated, including stopping smoking, reducing alcohol, and all the same dietary changes for lowering cholesterol and glucose. Vitamin B12 (as methylcobalamin), 1,000-5,000 mcg daily; Vitamin B6 (activate pyridoxal 5' phosphate), 50-150 mg daily; 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, 400-800 mcg daily.

Low LevelsThere is no unhealthy lower limit for homocysteine.


Not applicable.

1

2

3 4

DefinitionHomocysteine is a non-protein amino acid that is biosynthesized in the body. High levels are associated with increased risk for chronic inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer’s.

0 15 +


6.0 9.0

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Inflammation Markers

The Inflammation Marker tests show the level of inflammation in the body, which is associated with nearly all disease.



Inflammation Markers: C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Cardiac

CRP Clinical Levels: 0.00 - 3.00 mg/LThe clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.


High LevelsHigh CRP is associated with inflammation, especially of the arteries.


Balance adrenal hormones, and lower cholesterol and LDL, homocysteine, and glucose. Improve testosterone and DHEA levels. Consume a plant-based diet with plenty of seeds and nuts, avoid dairy products, and get enough fiber. Con-sume flaxseed oil, ground flax, and chia seeds. Take anti-inflammatory supplements. Flavonoid- rich super foods, like dark chocolate, green tea, and bilberry juice can lower CRP. Omega-3 fish oils, 1,000-3,000 mg daily; Polyphenol flavonoid complexes (like Bioflavonex), 500-1,000 mg daily; Quercitin, 500-1,500 mg daily.

Low LevelsThere is no unhealthy lower limit for CRP.


Not applicable.

1

2

3 4

DefinitionC-reactive protein is an acute-phase protein found in the blood, and levels rise in response to inflamma-tion. It is synthesized by the liver in response to factors released by fat cells. High levels are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome.

0 3.00 +


1.0

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ESR Clinical Levels: 0 - 23 mm/hrThe clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.


High LevelsHigh levels are associated with infection, inflammatory diseases like arthritis and auto-immune diseases.


Lowering ESR involves solving the cause of inflammation. If you have levels about 20 mm/hr or more, see you doctor to find the reason your level is high. Omega-3 fish oils; 1,000-3,000 mg daily; Polyphenol flavonoid complexes (like Bioflavonex), 500-1,000 mg daily; Quercitin, 500-1,500 mg daily; Cur-cumin extract (standardized to 95% curcumi-noids), 250-1,500 mg daily.

Low LevelsLow levels can be associated with some uncom-mon diseases, but in general there is no unhealthy lower limit for ESR.


Not applicable.

1

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3 4

DefinitionThe erythrocyte sedimentation rate is the speed at which red blood cells settle at the end of one hour. It is used to get an idea of inflammation. Elevated levels suggest inflammation in the body, but it is a non-specific test no allowing exact detection of where inflammation occurs.

0 23 +


10 20

Inflammation Markers: Erythrocyte/Westergren Sedimentation Rate (Sed Rate, or ESR)

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Inflammation Markers: Antinuclear Antibody (ANA), Direct

Antinuclear Antibody Clinical Levels: NegativeThe clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.


High LevelsHigh ANA is found in nearly all autoimmune disorders, like lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and hepatitis. Up to 75% of people over 65 have moderately high levels. Healthy people, even as they age, have normal ANA levels.


Normalizing ANA requires a complete natural health approach, including reducing stress; improving sleep, diet, exercise; and, taking supplements. However, since it can be associated with autoimmune disease, see your doctor for further evaluation. Anti-inflammatory vegan diet for 3-5 months. Omega-3 fish oils, 1,000-3,000 mg daily; Polyphenol flavonoid complexes, 500-1,000 mg daily; Quercitin, 500-1,500 mg daily; Curcumin extract, 250-1,500 mg daily.

Low LevelsThere is no lower limit for ANA. A negative result is optimal.


Not applicable.

1

2

3 4

DefinitionANA are autoantibodies directed against the cell nucleus. Elevated levels are associated with autoim-mune disease. They are also commonly found in moderately high levels in people over age 65, however healthy older people even in their 80s have normal levels of ANA.

- +


0

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Vitamin Tests

The Vitamin Tests show levels of nutrients that are com-monly found to be deficient. Low levels of these nutri-ents can negatively affect many aspects of your health.



Vitamin Tests: Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

Vitamin B12 Clinical Levels: 211 - 946 pg/mLThe clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

SI Units Clinical Levels: 155.7 - 698.1 pmol/L • Desirable Levels: 258.3 - 664.2 • Optimal Levels: 442.8 - 698.1

High LevelsMost high levels are associated with B12 injec-tions. It is rare to find high vitamin B12 levels in people who are not supplementing or getting injections.


If you take B12 supplements, and your levels are very high – above 1,400 pg/mL – take less B12.

Low LevelsLow B12 is found in anemia, diseases of the stomach and small intestine that reduce intrinsic production or absorption, some types of parasites and bacteria overgrowth, HIV infection, Alzheimer’s disease, and dietary inadequacy.


Eat more foods containing B12, take supplements, and have injections or intravenous B12. The preferred from is methylcobalamin. Choose one of these three options with your doctor: Methyl-cobalamin capsules or patch, 1,000-5,000 mcg daily; Methylcobalamin intramuscular injection, 2,000-10,000 mcg weekly; Methylcobalamin intravenous, 5,000-10,000 mcg weekly.

1

2

3 4

DefinitionVitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood.

211 946 +


350 900650

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Vitamin D Clinical Levels: 30.0 - 100.0 ng/mLThe clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

SI Units Clinical Levels: 75 - 249 nmol/L • Desirable Levels: 97 - 175 • Optimal Levels: 137 - 200

High LevelsHigh levels are rarely found except with overdose of vitamin D3 supplements, consuming large quantities of cod liver oil, or drinking unusually large quantities of vitamin D enhanced milk.


If your levels are high – over 100 nmol/L – reduce your supplement dosage.

Low LevelsLow levels are very common in modern people. Low vitamin D3 is found with dietary deficiency, malabsorption, cirrhosis, kidney failure, and lack of sun exposure.


Eat more foods containing D3 and take supple-ments. If you levels are very low – below 25 ng/mL – consider getting injections weekly until normal levels are reached. Some options are Vita-min D3, 1,000-10,000 IU daily, or Vitamin D3 intramuscular injection, 100,000 IU weekly.

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2

3 4

DefinitionVitamin D3 is structurally similar to steroids such as testosterone, cholesterol, and cortisol, and there-fore is sometimes considered a hormone rather than a vitamin. 1,25-Dihydroxy is the most potent from of vitamin D and the one measured in the blood to evaluate vitamin D3 status.

30 100 +


39 55 70 80

Vitamin Tests: Vitamin D, 25-Hydroxy

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Folic Acid Clinical Levels: 2.2 - 20.0 ng/mL The clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

SI Units Clinical Levels: Greater than 5 nmol/L • Desirable Levels: Greater than 6.8 Optimal Levels: 6.8 - 45.32

High LevelsExcess folate levels are rarely seen. Plant-based diets are rich in naturally occurring folate.


Not applicable.

Low LevelsLow folate is caused by dietary deficiency – not enough green leafy vegetables – and vitamin B12 deficiency.


Primary treatment is dietary; increase green leafy vegetables and fresh green vegetable juices. Supplementation is helpful, especially during aging. Oral supplements are easily absorbed, but some people have a genetic defect; so, folate metabolism is reduced. These people need the active form, L-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate. Folic Acid, 400-800 mcg daily; L-5-Methyltetra-hydrofolate, 800 mcg daily.

1

2

3 4

DefinitionFolic acid, also known as vitamin B9, and folate, the form naturally occurring in the body, is a water-soluble B vitamin essential for health. Folic acid is itself not biologically active, but its biological impor-tance is due to tetrahydrofolate, processed in the liver. Folic acid deficiency is linked to the modern West-ern diet and is associated with a wide range of diseases and birth defects. The best way to measure folic acid is in the red blood cell.

2.2 20.0 +


3.0

Vitamin Tests: Folate (Folic Acid)

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Iron Tests

The Iron tests are a group of blood tests that are used to evaluate body iron stores or the iron level in blood serum. These levels can indicate iron relat-ed blood diseases like anemia or hemochromatosis.



Iron Tests: Total Iron, Serum

Total Iron, Serum, Clinical Levels: 40 - 155 ug/dL (Male) 35 - 155 ug/dL (Female)The clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

High LevelsHigh iron is found is excess iron supplementa-tion, pernicious anemia, viral hepatitis, thalas-semia, and hemochromatosis – a genetic con-dition of excessive iron storage.


The primary treatment for high iron is donat-ing blood - on average once every two months until levels are normalized. Inositol hexaphos-phate (IP6), 1,000-2,000 mg daily.

Low LevelsLow iron is associated with anemia. It is seen in kidney failure, chronic infections, hypothy-roidism, and some types of cancer.


Increase foods containing iron, including red meat; organ meats; fish; and some plant-based sources, like prunes, plums, and apricots. Ferrous sulfate is the best absorbed form of iron, but tends to cause constipation. Ferrous Fumarate, Succinate, or Gluconate, 45-200 mg daily; Liquid Liver Fractions, 500-1,000 mg daily; Liquid Chlo-rophyll, 10-20 mg daily.

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2

3 4

DefinitionSerum iron measures the amount of circulating iron bound to transferrin. Sixty five percent of the iron in the body is carried in hemoglobin in red blood cells.

40 (M)35 (F)

155 +155 +


4545

125125

SI Units, umol/L (Male) Clinical Levels: 7.16 - 27.74 • Desirable Levels: Within Range • Optimal Levels: 9.85 - 22.38(Female) Clinical Levels: 6.27 - 27.74 • Desirable Levels: Within Range • Optimal Levels: 9.85 - 22.38

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Iron Tests: Ferritin, Serum

Total Ferritin, Serum, Clinical Levels: 30 - 400 ng/mL (Male) 13 - 150 ng/dL (Female)The clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

High LevelsHigh ferritin is found in iron overload from excess supplementation or in those with hemochromatosis. It also seen in liver disease, alcoholism, some cancers, rheumatoid arthri-tis, hyperthyroidism, and HIV.


If you have high ferritin, see your doctor.

Low LevelsLow ferritin is associated with iron deficiency. Treatment is the same as for low iron.


Increase foods containing iron, including red meat; organ meats; fish; and some plant-based sources, like prunes, plums, and apricots. Ferrous sulfate is the best absorbed form of iron, but tends to cause constipation. Ferrous Fumarate, Succinate, or Gluconate, 45-200 mg daily; Liquid Liver Fractions, 500-1,000 mg daily; Liquid Chlo-rophyll, 10-20 mg daily.

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2

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DefinitionFerritin is an intracellular protein that stores iron and releases it in a controlled manner when needed in the body. The amount of ferritin reflects the amount of stored iron, and is considered a more sensitive test for iron deficiency that total serum iron.

30 (M)13 (F)

400 +150


7525

350125

SI Units, pmol/L (Male) Clinical Levels: 67.41 - 899.00 • Desirable Levels: Within Range • Optimal Levels: 168.52 - 786.45(Female) Clinical Levels: 29.21 - 337.05 • Desirable Levels: Within Range • Optimal Levels: 56.18 - 280.88

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TIBC Clinical Levels: 240 - 450 mcg/dL The clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

High LevelsHigh levels are associated with iron deficiency anemia, low dietary iron consumption, hepatitis, and some time in late stage pregnancy. TIBC is the same for correction iron deficiency.


Increase foods containing iron, including red meat; organ meats; fish; and some plant-based sources, like prunes, plums, and apricots. Ferrous sulfate is the best absorbed form of iron, but tends to cause constipation. Ferrous Fumarate, Succinate, or Gluconate, 45-200 mg daily; Liquid Liver Fractions, 500-1,000 mg daily; Liquid Chlo-rophyll, 10-20 mg daily; Ferritin (bioavailable iron), 5-10 mg daily.

Low LevelsLow levels are found in malnutrition, cancer, liver and kidney disease, Thalassemia, and inflammation.


Correct iron and ferritin deficiency, and treat the underlying condition. If you have low TIBC, see your doctor.

1

2

3 4

DefinitionIron is carried in the blood by transferrin, TIBC (total iron binding capacity) is calculated from measuring transferrin levels. Increased levels are associated with anemia.

Iron Tests: Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)

10 +240 450 +



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The Comprehensive Metabolic Panel

The Comprehensive Metabolic Panel is a group of chemical tests performed on the blood serum. This test provides an overall picture of your body’s metabolism. Metabolism refers to all the physical and chemical processes in the body that use energy.



Metabolic Panel: Electrolytes - Sodium, Potassium, Chloride

Electrolytes Clinical Levels, in mmol/L: 135 - 145 (Sodium), 3.5 - 5.2 (Potassium),and 97 - 108 (Chloride)The clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.


High LevelsIncreased levels of all electrolytes usually indicate dehydration – loss of fluid from sweating, excess urination as in diabetes, or not drinking enough water, make the blood more concentrated.


Drink half your body weight in ounces of water a day. If you're levels are very high, please see your doctor.

Low LevelsDecreased levels suggest inadequate nutritional intake, excessive water intake, and a variety of health conditions. Too little sodium may indicate adrenal insu�ciency. Not enough potassium is associated with too much adrenal hormones and kidney disease. And, low chloride is related to weak adrenal glands, diabetes, kidney disease, and illnesses of the lungs.


If your electrolytes are low, try adding natu-rally mineral rich juice, vegetable broth, and an electrolyte replacement drink. If they remain low, see your doctor.

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DefinitionElectrolytes include sodium, potassium, and chloride. The help maintain fluid volume in the body, blood pressure, and muscle contraction, and electrical balance.

10 +135 (Sodium)3.5 (Potassium)97 (Chloride)

145 +5.2 +

108 +





Metabolic Panel: Minerals - Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium

1 DefinitionThe minerals tested in the CMP are calcium, phosphorous, and some labs also test for magnesium levels. If your CMP does not include magnesium, you can request it as an add-on test. Keep in mind that vegans and vegetarians get plenty of magnesium from a plant-based diet, so are rarely deficient.

High LevelsHigh minerals could be a sign of dehydration or other more serious reasons.


If your mineral levels are persistently abnor-mal, see your doctor.

Low LevelsThe body regulates calcium very tightly, so it’s rarely high or low. Decreased levels can be caused by vitamin D and magnesium deficiency. Phosphorous deficiency is also seen when D3 is too low, and there’s malabsorption and malnu-trition. It’s also in a wide range of diseases.


If your mineral levels are persistently abnor-mal, see your doctor.

3 4

Minerals Clinical Levels, in mg/dL: 8.7 - 10.2 (Calcium), 2.6 - 4.5 (Phosphorous),and 4.2 - 6.8 (Magnesium)The clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

2

10 +8.7 (Calcium)2.6 (Phosphorous)4.2 (Magnesium)

9.0 10.2 +4.5 +6.8 +

Desirable (All) & Optimal (Phosphorous & Magnesium)

ClinicalOptimal (Calcium)

SI Units, (Calcium) Clinical Levels: 2.18 - 2.55 • Desirable Levels: Within Range • Optimal Levels: 2.25 - 2.55mmol/L (Phosphorous) Clinical Levels: 0.84 - 1.45 • Desirable & Optimal Levels: Within Range (Magnesium) Clinical Levels: 1.73 - 2.79 • Desirable & Optimal Levels: Within Range




Metabolic Panel: Total Protein

1 DefinitionThe total protein level is an important health marker, but is not the same as dietary protein.

Protein Clinical Levels: 6.0 - 8.5 g/dLThe clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

2

High LevelsHigh blood protein may also be a warning sign of chronic inflammation or infection, particu-larly of the liver.


If your protein levels are high, please see your doctor.

Low LevelsLow levels are associated with protein malnutri-tion, chronic liver disease, and malabsorption of dietary proteins.


If your total protein level tend to be on the low side of normal, increase your protein intake, add a digestive enzyme that includes hydro-chloric acid and protease to help protein digestion and assimilation, and take 50-100 mg of vitamin B6.

3 4

10 +6.0 7.0 8.5 +

Desirable ClinicalOptimal

SI Units Clinical Levels: 60 - 85 g/L • Desirable Levels: Within Range • Optimal Levels: 70 - 85

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Metabolic Panel: Albumin

1 DefinitionSerum albumin is a reliable biomarker to evaluate non-muscle protein status. It is the major protein that circulates in the blood, and among its other functions it helps to maintain water pressure in the blood vessels, which prevents tissue edema from occurring. Albumin is also a weak but important hormone-binding protein. It is produced in the liver and its levels are dependent on adequate dietary protein intake and liver function.

Albumin Clinical Levels: 3.5 - 5.5 g/dLThe clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

2

High LevelsAlbumin levels that are too high may hinder your longevity program since albumin acts as a hormone-binding protein in the blood, and potentially prevents hormones from reaching their target sites.


If your albumin levels are high, please see your doctor.

3 Low LevelsLower levels are associated with inadequate protein and iron in the diet, diarrhea, fever, infec-tion, liver disease, third-degree burns and edemas, and low calcium. Declining albumin levels - over the course of several years - have been associated with decreased longevity and increased physical senescence.


To raise albumin level try eating egg whites, which are rich in albumin. If your albumin level is persistently low, see your doctor.

4

SI Units Clinical Levels: 35 - 55 g/L • Desirable Levels: 40 - 55 • Optimal Levels: 45 - 55

3.5 5.5 +


4.0 4.5




Metabolic Panel: Bone Health - Alkaline Phosphatase Also Calcium, Phosphorous (See Mineral Metabolic Panel)

1 DefinitionBesides calcium and phosphorous, Alkaline Phosphatase, provides clues to bone health. To get a full bone health analysis, also consider a bone density test.

High LevelsIncreased levels are associated with liver disease, and a wide range of bone-related diseases includ-ing metastatic spread of cancer.


See your doctor if you have high levels.

Low LevelsIf your alkaline phosphatase is in the lower normal limits of the standard reference range, you may have protein malnutrition or malabsorption.


Increase dietary protein intake and take a digestive enzyme supplement.

3 4

Alkaline Phosphatase Clinical Levels: 25 - 150 IU/LThe clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

2

10 +


25 150 +


8565

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Metabolic Panel: Liver Health - AST, ALT, Bilirubin

1 DefinitionThe tests associated with liver health are called liver function tests (LFTs), and include SGOT (Serum Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase, also referred to as AST), SGPT (Serum Glutamic-pyruvic Trans-aminase, or ALT), and Bilirubin.

High LevelsVery high levels are a concern for liver disease or infection; please see your doctor. Minor eleva-tions of AST and ALT may indicate liver toxicity.


Consider a liver cleanse and taking the following hepatic support supplements and herbs for 3-5 months. Lipotropic Amino Acids: choline (bitartrate), 300 mg; inositol, 150 mg; l-methionine (free-form), 150 mg, 2-3 times daily. Milk Thistle, 75 mg standardized to con-tain 80% silymarin, 2-3 times daily; Artichoke, 50 mg standardized to contain 5% cynarins, 2-3 times daily.

Low LevelsLow levels could indicate liver damage, cirrhosis or late-stage liver disease.


See your doctor if you have low levels.

3 4

Liver Health Clinical Levels: 0 - 40 IU/L (AST), 0 - 40 IU/L (ALT), and0.0 - 1.2 mg/dL (Bilirubin)The clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

2

10 +0.0 (AST, ALT)0.0 (Bilirubin)

40 +1.2 +

ClinicalDesirable & Optimal


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Metabolic Panel: Kidney Health - BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen), Creatinine, BUN/Creatinine Ratio, eGFR (Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate)

1 DefinitionStrong kidneys are essential for optimal body function. Kidney function tests include BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen), Creatitinine, BUN/Creatinine Ratio, and eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate).

High and Low Levels These tests are complicated to interpret; so, if you find abnormal values on your lab results, see you doctor. Always be mindful of your eGFR. This test not only gives an idea of kidney function – lower levels suggest chronic kidney disease, which you need to go over with your doctor – but very strong levels are a marker for longevity. Cordyceps, 500-1,500 mg daily; Asparagus (Asparagus o�cina-lis), 500 mg daily; Rehmannia (Rehmannia glutinosa), 250-500 mg daily.

3

Kidney Health Clinical Levels: 5 - 26 mg/dL (BUN), 0.57 - 1.00 mg/dL (Creatinine),8 - 27 (BUN/Creatinine Ratio), and Greater than 59 (eGFR)The clinical levels here are the standard lab ranges. Your goal is to move into the desirable and optimal ranges.

2

10 +5.0 (BUN).57 (Creatinine)8.0 (B/C Ratio)59 (eGFR)

15

6015

20 26 +1.0 +27 +70 +

Desirable (All) & Optimal (Creatinine)

ClinicalOptimal (BUN)

Optimal (BUN/Creatinine Ratio)

Optimal (eGFR)

SI Units(BUN) Clinical Levels: 1.79 - 9.28 mmol/L • Desirable Levels: Within Range • Optimal Levels: 5.35 - 7.14(Creatinine) Clinical Levels: 50.39 - 88.4 µmol/L • Desirable & Optimal Levels: Within Range(BUN/Creatinine Ratio) Clinical, Desirable & Optimal Levels: Within Range(eGFR) Clinical, Desirable & Optimal Levels: Within Range

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test marker infographic guidebook - … complete blood count and chemistry panels values, use “lab...

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