test automation using

7/25/2019 Test Automation Using

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Softsmith Infotech 1

Test Automation Using

Selenium


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Test Automation

Test automation is the use of softwareTo set test preconditions.

To control the execution of tests.

To compare the actual outcomes to predictedoutcomes.

To report the Execution Status.

Commonly, test automation involves

automating a manual process already inplace that uses a formalied testingprocess!


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#hy and #hen To Automate$

%re&uent regression testing

'epeated test case ()ecution is re&uired

User Acceptance Tests %aster %eed*ac+ to the developers

'educe the uman (ffort

Test same application on multipleenvironments


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Test Automation Tools

.uic+ Test /rofessional 0y / 'ational %unctional Tester 0y 'ational I0 Company3 Sil+ Test 0y 0orland

Test Complete 0y Automated .A .A 'un Compuware 3 #atir 4pen Source3 Selenium 4pen Source3 Sahi 4pen Source3


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Selenium

Selenium is a ro*ust set of tools that supportsrapid development of test automation for we*6*ased applications!

Selenium provides a rich set of testing functionsspecifically geared to the needs of testing of awe* application!

Selenium operations are highly fle)i*le, allowing

many options for locating UI elements andcomparing e)pected test results against actualapplication *ehavior!


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Selenium %eatures

Supports Cross 0rowser Testing! TheSelenium tests can *e run on multiple*rowsers!

Allows scripting in several languages li+e8ava, C9, // and /ython!

Assertion statements provide an efficient

way of comparing e)pected and actualresults!

In*uilt reporting mechanism!


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Selenium Components

Selenium I;(

Selenium 'emote Control Selenium


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Selenium I;(

Selenium I;( is an integrated developmentenvironment for Selenium tests!

It is implemented as a %irefo) e)tension, andallows you to record, edit, and replay the test infirefo)

Selenium I;( allows you to save tests as T>,8ava, 'u*y scripts, or any other format

It allows you to automatically add assertions toall the pages!

Allows you to add selenese commands as andwhen re&uired


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Selenium I;( Installation

Using %irefo), first, download the I;( from theSelenium. downloads page #hen downloading from%irefo), you@ll *e presented with the #indow A! Seee)t Slide3

Select Install ow! The %irefo) Add6ons window pops up,first showing a progress *ar, and when the download iscomplete, displays the #indow 0! See e)t Slide3

'estart %irefo)! After %irefo) re*oots you will find theSelenium6I;( listed under the %irefo) Tools menu!


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Selenium Installation

#indow A #indow 0

To run the Selenium6I;(, simply select it from the %irefo) Tools menu! It opensas follows with an empty script6editing window and a menu for loading, orcreating new test cases! See e)t Slide3


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Selenium I;( 6 UI

Start and Stop'ecording

SeleneseScript(ditor

Selenium >og

'eplayTool*ar

AccessorArea


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Selenium 4ptions

Selenium Options allow you to

Set The Te)t (ncoding %ormat

Set the ;efault /age Time 4ut

Set The 0ase U'> recordingoption

Adding Selenium Core and I;(()tension

Add Automatic /age TitleAssertions

There are also other optionsunder development


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'ecoding a Selenium Test Case

4pen %irefo) that has the I;( installed 4pen the *ase U'> of the application to record! eep the application in a common *ase state!

format3


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'unning Dour %irst Selenium Script

a+e sure the application is in thecommon *ase state!

Clic+ on the run *utton! ere you can alsocontrol the speed of the e)ecution usingthe tool*ar

4nce the test is run you can view the testlog in the *ottom of the I;( window


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Creating a Test Suite

In the Selenium I;( youcan create any num*er oftest cases and save themas test suite!

To 'un the test Suite clic+on the E/lay entire testsuiteF *utton as shown*elow!

Test Suite withTest1 G test2


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/laying The test Suite with Test'unner

Test 'unner allows you to run the test case in a *rowser

loaded with the Selenium6Core Test'unner! Test runner is invo+ed *y clic+ing the *elow Shown

*utton in the I;(

4n Clic+ing the Test 'unner 0utton you will thewindow as seen in the ne)t slide


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Test 'unner

Clic+ this *utton to run all the tests


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'unning 4ptions

'un a Test CaseClic+ the 'un *utton to run the currently displayed test case!

'un a Test SuiteClic+ the 'un All *utton to run all the test cases in the currently

loaded test suite!Stop and StartThe /ause *utton can *e used to stop the test case while it isrunning! The icon of this *utton then changes to indicate the'esume *utton! To continue clic+ 'esume!

Stop in the iddleDou can set a *rea+point in the test case to cause it to stop on aparticular command! This is useful for de*ugging your test case!To set a *rea+point, select a command, right6clic+, and from theconte)t menu select Toggle 0rea+point!


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'unning 4ptions

Start from the MiddleDou can tell the I;( to *egin running from a specificcommand in the middle of the test case! This also isused for de*ugging! To set a start point, select a

command, right6clic+, and from the conte)t menuselect SetHClear Start /oint!

Run Any Single Command;ou*le6clic+ any single command to run it *y itself!This is useful when writing a single command! It lets

you immediately test a command you areconstructing, when you are not sure if it is correct!Dou can dou*le6clic+ it to see if it runs correctly! Thisis also availa*le from the conte)t menu!


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Adding Assertions to the Script

Selenese allows multiple ways of chec+ing for UIelements!

erifications and assertions are used to chec+ if

an element is present somewhere on the page$ specific te)t is somewhere on the page$

specific te)t is at a specific location on the page$

erifications and assertions are not one and the

same! If an assertion fails, the script will *e a*orted *ut

if a verification fails the script will continue!


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erification Commands

verifyTextPresentThis command is used tochec+ if a particular te)t ispresent in a page or not!

To add this command , #hile

recording the test steps rightclic+ on the te)t item that youwant verify! 4nce right clic+edyou can find an option EShowall commandsF! 4n Clic+ing ityou will find an option

EverifyTe)t/resentF, select it


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verifyTitle This command is used to

chec+ if the page title iscorrect or not!

To add this command , #hile

recording the test steps rightclic+ any where on the pagethat you want verify! 4nceright clic+ed you can find anoption EShow all commandsF!4n Clic+ing it you will find an

option EverifyTitleF, select it


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verify(lement/resent This command is used to verify

if a page element is present inthe page or not!

To add this command ,#hile recording the teststeps right clic+ anyelement on the page thatyou want verify! 4nce rightclic+ed you can find an

option EShow allcommandsF! 4n Clic+ing ityou will find an optionEverify(lement/resentF, selectit


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verifyalue This method is used to chec+ if

edit *o) has particular value orif the chec+ *o) is on!0asically this method returnsthe value of present in theo*Ject!

To add this command , #hilerecording the test steps rightclic+ any element on the pagethat you want verify the value

of! 4nce right clic+ed you canfind an option EShow allcommandsF! 4n Clic+ing it youwill find an option EverifyalueF,select it!


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Assertions

Assertions are same as erifications!The only difference is, if the assertionsfail the script will a*ort! 0ut the script

will continue run in case a verificationpoint fails!

The steps for inserting the assertions is

same as that of verification point! #hile recording 'ight Clic+ Show allcommandsselect an assertion!


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Assertion Statements

assertTextPresent

This will assert if the te)t is present in the page!

assertText

This will assert if a particular element is having the particular te)t!

assertTitle

This will assert if the page is having a proper title!

assertValue

This will assert if a Te)t *o) or chec+ *o) has a particular value

assertElementPresent

This will assert if a particular UI (lement is present in the page!


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Selenium #ait%or Commands

wait%or/ageTo>oadThis command will ma+e the script to wait till the

page loads!

Synta) is wait%or/ageTo>oadtimeout3K Time out isthe ma)imum time the script will wait for the pageto load!


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4ther wait%or Commands

wait%orAlertThis command will wait for the alert message to appear

wait%orTa*leThis command will wait for the #e* ta*le to completely

load in the pagewait%orTitle

This command will for the page Title to appear on the*rowser!

4ther wait%or commandsSelenium has several other wait command li+ewait%orTe)t, wait%or/opup and so on! These commandsare generically called Synchroniation commands


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Store Commands

Store command are used to fetch thevalues from the application and store it ina varia*le! These varia*les can *e used

latter for validation purpose!

The Store command can *e used toretrieve the page title, te)t from the page

and other attri*utes from the application!


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(cho Command

(cho command isused to print the valuein to the selenium I;Slog!

#hen printing avaria*le use LMvarN

There are some

limitations for thismethods this has to *eused with caution


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>imitations of Selenium I;(

Can run the test only on %irefo)

o /rogramming login li+e loops,conditional statements3 can *e applied

Selenium I;( can e)ecute scripts createdin Selenese only!

It is difficult to use Selenium I;( forchec+ing comple) test cases involvingdynamic contents


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Selenium 'C

A solution to cross *rowser testing!A server, written in 8ava and so availa*le

on all the platforms!

Acts as a pro)y for we* re&uests fromthem!Client li*raries for many popular

languages!0undles Selenium Core and automatically

loads into the *rowser


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Installing Selenium 'C

Software 'e&uired 8; 1!7 , selenium6remote6control61!B!" this can *e

downloaded from httpOHHseleniumh&!orgHdownloadH3

Installation /rocedure Selenium 'C is simply a Jar file and to run it we need

Java installed! 8; 1!7 is preferred3

4nce the 8ava is installed Just unip the selenium6

remote6control61!B!"! ip which was downloaded fromthe selenium site to a directory!
http://seleniumhq.org/download/http://seleniumhq.org/download/


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Selenium Test Automation /rocess

%irst


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Selenium Test Automation /rocess

4nce the Selenese script is converted into yourpreferred language you can you can run themusing Selenium Server!

%or running the script you also need the clientdriver for that particular language!

To enhance the script we will re&uire I;( li+enet*eans or (clipse I;(

To Integrate the script and run them as a suitewe will re&uire *uild integration tools li+e avenor Ant!


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ow Selenium #or+s


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'unning a Selenese Test on;ifferent 0rowsers

%ollowing are the steps to create a selenese test suiteand run a test suite using selenium 'C

13 'ecord a test case using selenium I;( and save it as ETest1!htmlFsay3!

23 'ecord another test case using selenium I;( and save its asETest"!htmlF say3!

"3 In this way you can record any num*er of test case using seleniumI;( and save them as PfilenameQ!html

-3 Then Create a ew Test Suite using the %ile enu! See the Image0elow!


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Selenese Suite cont!!

Add the created test cases in to the suite as shownin Image1

4nce the test cases are added to the suite savethem as a test suite as in Image2

The 4pen the command prompt and navigate to

the directory where Selenium 'C server3 isplaced!

In the command prompt (nter the command asshown *elow!


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Selenese Suite cont!!

Command O Java 6Jar selenium6server!Jar

6multiwindow 6htmlSuiteRie)ploreR

RhttpsOHHlocalhostH*oo+storeHRR;Otesta!htmlRRCOresults!htmlE

4nce the command is run theresults will *e stored in the

results!html file as shown*elow!


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Selenium Test Case ;evelopmentUsing 8ava

'e&uired Software

Selenium 'C Server Jar , Selenium 8avaClient ;river Jar , 8; 1!7 , (clipse orany other I;(3, 8unit Jar and testng Jar

%or *uilding the frame wor+ we re&uirecontinuous *uild integration tools li+e Ant,aven or cruise control!


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Client ;rivers

(na*les communication with Selenium 'emote ControlServer!

%unctionality of Selenium is e)posed via these drivers!Availa*le in 'u*y, /ython, 8ava, C6Sharp Vand so on!


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/rocess of ;eveloping Selenium8ava Scripts!

%ollowing are the steps for generating the

test scripts in Java

13 'ecord the Script in Selenium I;( andformat them into 8ava

23 Create a Selenium 8ava proJect in(clipse and load all the necessary Jar

files"3 Copy the formatted 8ava code into the

(clipse and run the test!


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%ormatting the recorded script into8ava

Steps of formatting the code into Java

13 4pen the 0rowser and open the*ase U'> of the application!

23 4pen the Selenium I;( and start

recoding the test steps!"3 4nce the recording is done go to

enu 4ptions %ormat 8avaTest


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Setting Up an (clipse /roJect forSelenium Automation

(clipse is an open source community whose proJects arefocused on *uilding an e)tensi*le development platformfor *uilding 8ava applications and framewor+s! (clipse isone of the *est 8ava I;( and as a matter of face (clipseis much more than a 8ava I;(!

#e can configure a selenium proJect in eclipse and evenrun the scripts from eclipse!

Using eclipse its easy to enhance the recorded script!#e can add power to the recorded script *yparameteriing the test inputs and even validate the

*ac+ values! (clipse also allows us to write reusa*le code for efficient

test automation!


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Installing (clipse

;ownload the E(clipse I;( for 8ava ;evelopersF fromthe httpOHHwww!eclipse!orgHdownloadsH page!

Unip the downloaded ip file from the a*ove site into adirectory!

4nce the unipping is over open the folder and dou*leclic+ on the icon and it will open a dialog *o) asshown *elow!


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Setting up the wor+space

Create a folder say selenium3 in any one of thedirectory and change the wor+space location tothe directory created *y you! Then clic+ o+*utton!

4n doing so you will see the eclipse welcomescreen if you are doing it for the first time! 4n thewelcome screen clic+ on the wor+*ench icon toopen the proJect e)plorer!

#hen you to try to open the eclipse from ne)ttime it will directly show the proJect e)plorer asshown in the ne)t slide!


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(clipse I;(

/ac+age()plorer Scrip iew

console


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Create a /roJect In eclipse

%ileew8ava/roJect

Specify the proJect nameand clic+ finish


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Adding the re&uired 8ars

4pen the folder contain the selenium proJect that youhave Just created! Inside that folder create another folderwith name Eli*F

Inside the li* folder place the following Jar files!

Junit6-!=!1!Jarselenium6Java6client6driver!Jarselenium6server!Jar

testng65!12!Jars

After placing the Jar file in li* come *ac+ to the eclipse

and clic+ on the proJect e)plorer strip and press %5! Doushould see the all the Jar files under the li* folder in theproJect e)plorer as shown in the Image in ne)t slide!


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Selenium >i*raries

C ti + d ddi


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Creating a pac+age and adding aclass file

In the eclipse/ac+age()plorerright clic+ onthe src source3 folder! Inthat select ew/ac+age and give a name

to the pac+age! See the/icture1

ow right clic+ on thecreated pac+age and clic+on newclass and

provide a class name! Douwill see a Java scripttemplate as seen in thene)t slide

( li I;( ith 8 S i t


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(clipse I;( with 8ava ScriptTemplate

Dour I;( should loo+ li+e this

This is where you have copy the8ava code that you formatted in the

Selenium I;(

Addi th 8 fil t th l


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Adding the 8ar files to the classpath

'ight Clic+ on the/roJect

Select 0uild /ath

Configure 0uildpath

4n the ne)t window

clic+ on the li*rariesta* and clic+ on theadd Jars ta*

Addi th 8 fil t th l


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Adding the 8ar files to the classpath

As you clic+ on the addJars *utton a windowshowing all the Jar files

will *e opened! Selectall the Jar files and clic+on o+ *utton

0y doing this step we

are almost ready towrite the script and runit!

C ti th t t i t i id th


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Creating the test script inside theclass file

Copy the code that was formatted in theselenium I;( and paste it in the (clipseI;( script template!

a+e sure the class name that youcreated and the class name in the scriptare same

a+e sure that you have add the methodssetUp and tear;own


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'unning the test through (clipse

Start the Selenium Server %or this open the command prompt and go to the folder

where the selenium server is present! 'un the command EJava 6Jar selenium6server!JarF

The Selenium server will start running and you can seethe message in the command prompt!


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'unning the test through (clipse

4nce the server is up go to the eclipse and right clic+ onthe script!

In that select 'un As8Unit Test! See the image *elow!After this you will get will see that the script has runsuccessfully in the window that@s shown in the ne)t slide!

Selenium 'esults Strip in the


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Selenium 'esults Strip in the(clipse I;(

success

failure

Components of the Selenium test


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Components of the Selenium testScript

setUp method

This method prepares the selenium server to run thetest! This method *asically hoo+s to the selenium serverand opens up the *ase U'> of the application

test methodThe methods with the name test will actually run thetests on the application! There can *e any num*er of testmethods in the app

tear;own methodThis method will run after the end of the test! This testwill disconnect with the server and ma+es room for thene)t tests to run the tests!


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Script iew

(nhancing the Selenium


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(nhancing the Seleniumcommands

The generated selenium command can *eenhanced *y writing Java commands!Using Java methods we can do

parameteriation and data *ase validation!ore over Java methods can *e used forto perform some comple) validations andtesting activities!

The *est way to use Java methods is usedto is have a 8ava I;( li+e eclipse!


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Some 8ava 0asics

ava !ata Types

Int, float, String, char, 0oolean and dou*le

!e"larationsString s X ESeleniumFKInt i X 2BK

float cur X "!"5K

Operators ,H ,Y ,, 6are themathematical operators ,H, Y,have a higher

precedence than or 6


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'elational 4perators

XX (&ual careful3

ZX ot e&ual

QX ess than or e&ual

Q ess than


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/rogramming (lements

#f Conditionif (name != selenium)

{

System.out.print(Tool Changed);

}

lse

{

System.out.print(Tool is o);

}

$oop n timesfor i X BK i P nK n 3

MHH this code *ody will e)ecute n timesHH I from B to n61N


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Use string functions


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;ate %unctions

'e&uired /ac+ages

importJava!util!;ateK

importJava!te)t!Simple;ate%ormatK

Sample Code

()ample 1


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()ample 1 W F is present in it

Implementation Steps13 %irst get the values from the list *o)

23 To get the values from the list *o) or any

other T> element we need to +now its[path! use [path chec+er3

"3 The values ta+en from the list *o) arestored in a varia*le!

-3 Use the inde)4f method to find if ET>Fis present in the e)tracted varia*le!


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Screen Shot of the ()ample Script

[path >ocator


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/arameteriation

/arameteriation is to same run the script withmultiple set of data!

The data will *e stored in a CS file! #e will have write a program to read the values

from the e)cel line *y line and replace thevalues!

%or reading the values from a CS file we willre&uire the following pac+ages

import Java!io!%ileK import Java!io!0uffered'eaderK import Java!io!%ile'eaderK import Java!util!StringTo+enierK

/arameteriation ()ample


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/arameteriation ()ample


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Ant Integration

Ant is a free tool from the Apache 8a+arta i+e \ma+e@ for 8ava W only *etter Uses an [> file to drive its action

()tremely powerful and modular

(asily e)tensi*le #ritten in 8ava so it is cross platform


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To Integrate with AT

;ownload AT and copy it into any of thedirectory

Create a 8AA]4( environment aria*le

Create a AT]4( environment varia*lesAdd the AT *in path to windows path

environment varia*le

Create a *uild file to load all the Jar files andcreate targets to run the selenium tests usingthe *uild file

;efining a folder Structure for


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;efining a folder Structure forSelenium AT tas+


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'unning the AT selenium tas+

Start the selenium server through the commandprompt

Then go the folder where the selenium tests arestored

a+e sure that the *uild!)ml file is present inthat location

ow run the command EantF from the command

prompt Dou can see the test running and the results will

*e saved in the results!t)t file!

Selenium-Grid


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Selenium Grid

Selenium-Grid allows the Selenium-RC solution to

scale for test suites or test suites to be run in multipleenvironments.

With Selenium-Grid multiple instances of Selenium-

RC are running on various operating system andbrowser congurations, each of these when launchingregister with a hub. When tests are sent to the hubthey are then redirected to an available Selenium-RC,which will launch the browser and run the test.

his allows for running tests in parallel, with theentire test suite theoretically ta!ing only as long to runas the longest individual test.


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ow to


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ow to 'un

In a new terminal enter the followingcommand

ant launch6remote6control

0ased on your target file you can runeither in se&uence or in parallel

#h ^ d$


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#hat^s good$

'elatively easy to automate we* UI tests

'ecordH'eplay for regression tests

'C allows integration with CI and8UnitH%itesse tests

#h t^ * d$


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#hat^s *ad$

SpeedO 'C6Q0rowser communication is aspeed *ottlenec+ run in grid, overnight3

UI is *rittle, tests depending on the UI

*rea+ a lot ;ST> might fi) this, pagea*stractions as well3

;ata6*ac+ed tests are not easily

repeata*le integrate with ;0 test engines3

0 t ti


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0est practices

Use Selenium to verify wor+flow andsession

;on^t put Selenium tests in your main

development *uild W run them overnight ave dedicated machines that run tests

!O'(T T)#'* O+ T)#S AS A

REP$ACEME'T +OR E,P$ORATOR-TEST#'.///

>i +


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>in+s

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httpOHHwww!solutionsi&!comHagile2BB=Hagile62BB=6domain!php

httpOHHstorytesti&!solutionsi&!com httpOHHwww!cu*ictest!com

httpOHHfitnesse!infoHwe*test
http://gojko.net/http://www.openqa.org/http://www.solutionsiq.com/agile2008/agile-2008-domain.phphttp://www.solutionsiq.com/agile2008/agile-2008-domain.phphttp://storytestiq.solutionsiq.com/http://www.cubictest.com/http://fitnesse.info/webtesthttp://fitnesse.info/webtesthttp://fitnesse.info/webtesthttp://www.cubictest.com/http://www.cubictest.com/http://storytestiq.solutionsiq.com/http://storytestiq.solutionsiq.com/http://www.solutionsiq.com/agile2008/agile-2008-domain.phphttp://www.solutionsiq.com/agile2008/agile-2008-domain.phphttp://www.openqa.org/http://www.openqa.org/http://gojko.net/http://gojko.net/

test automation using

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