L1

• 1. In the late 1800s, supporters of laissez-faire capitalism claimed that government regulation of business would be:

• A. essential to protect the rights of consumers

• B. necessary to provide jobs for the unemployed

• C. useful in competing with foreign nations

• D. harmful to economic growth

• 2. John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and J. Pierpont Morgan were sometimes called robber barons because they:

• A. robbed from the rich to give to the poor

• B. made unnecessarily risky investments

• C. used ruthless business tactics against their competitors

• D. stole money from the federal government

• 3. The Interstate Commerce Act and the Sherman Antitrust Act were passed by Congress to:

• A. increase safety in the workplace

• B. promote fair hiring practices

• C. improve working conditions

• D. regulate big business, especially the railroads

• 4. Businesses formed trusts, pools, and the techniques of vertical and horizontal integration mainly to:

• A. increase profits by eliminating competition

• B. offer a wide range of goods and services to consumers

• C. provide employment opportunities for minorities

• D. protect the interests of workers

• 5. The term business monopoly can best be described as

• A. the most common form of business in the United States

• B. government control of the means of production

• C. an agreement between partners to manage a corporation

• D. a company that controls or dominates an industry

• 6. Which feature of the United States economy in this late nineteenth-century cartoon is featured?

• A. technological improvements in agriculture

• B. dependence on foreign oil

• C. creation of monopolies

• D. governmental success in regulating big business

• 7. The principal message of the cartoon is that the Standard Oil Company:

• A. used its size to lower the prices of its products• B. protected the nation from foreign competition• C. used its economic power to influence government

decisions• D. employed violence to gain an unfair advantage for

its workers

• 8. During the late 1800s, the defenders of Social Darwinism would most likely have supported

• A. labor unions

• B. progressive income taxes

• C. laissez-faire capitalism

• D. environmental conservation

• 9. In the period from 1865 to 1900, the United States Government aided the development of the West by

• A. maintaining free and unlimited coinage of silver

• B. offering low-interest loans to businesses

• C. granting land to railroad companies to build transcontinental routes

• D. providing price supports for farm products

• 10. After the Civil War, one way business leaders tried to eliminate competition was byA. forming monopolies or trusts

• B. developing overseas markets

• C. increasing the prices of their products

• D. paying high wages to their workers

Lesson 2 &3

• 11. The American Federation of Labor’s support for “bread and butter” unionism was intended to:

• A. gain control of state and federal legislatures

• B. change the economic system to socialism

• C. combine all skilled and unskilled workers into one large organization

• D. improve wages, hours, and working conditions

• 12. During the late 1800s, what was the main reason labor unions had difficulty achieving gains for workers?

• A. Communists had taken control of the major unions.

• B. The government supported business efforts to limit the powers of unions.

• C. Most unions had been organized by big business.

• D. Most workers were satisfied with working

• 13. One reason the American Federation of Labor (AFL) was successful was that this organization:

• A. focused on the needs of skilled workers

• B. rejected the use of strikes and boycotts

• C. ended the use of blacklists by employers

• D. called for government ownership of industry

• 14. During the late 19th century, which practices were used by employers against workers?

• A. boycotts and lockouts

• B. picketing and walkouts

• C. blacklists and yellow-dog contracts

• D. mass rallies and sit-down strikes

• 15. In the late 1800s, the Great Strike of 1877 and the Pullman Palace Car Strike of 1894 were unsuccessful because:

• A. the government supported business owners

• B. most workers refused to take part in the strike

• C. the Supreme Court ruled both strikes were illegal

• D. factory owners hired children to replace the strikers

• 16. In the late 19th century, the major argument used by labor union leaders against immigrants was that immigrants

• A. took jobs from United States citizens

• B. contributed little to enrich American life

• C. placed financial drains on social services

• D. refused to assimilate into American culture

• 17. During the Gilded Age, political scandals were typical. Which scandal did not happen during this period?

• A. Credit Mobilier – railroad scandal of late 1860s based on false claims by a railroad company to get subsidy money

• B. Tweed Ring- New York City political machine exposed by Nast cartoons and prosecuted for embezzlement

• C. Whiskey Ring – Grant scandal allowing whiskey distillers to not pay income taxes

• D. Teapot Dome – illegal selling of government oil reserves by cabinet member for a bribe

• 18. The Sherman Antitrust Act, the Interstate Commerce Act, and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) are examples of

• A. Federal laws designed to protect consumers from unsafe products

• B. the Federal Government’s response to changes in the economy

• C. Federal laws designed to control spending

• D. the Federal Government’s attempts to regulate big business

• 19. The Populists believed that most of the United States economic problems would be solved by establishing

• A. currency reform

• B. postal savings banks

• C. a national property tax

• D. a renewed policy of open immigration

• 20. Laws requiring individuals to pass civil service examinations to obtain government jobs were enacted to

• A. eliminate patronage and corruption in government hiring

• B. allow the government to compete with private industry for employees

• C. support the development of public employee labor unions

• D. encourage the growth of local political parties

• 21. During the second half of the 19th century, the federal government’s commitment to the principles of laissez-faire capitalism contributed to

• A. healthy and positive competition between businesses

• B. the growth of small business firms

• C. friendly working relationships between labor and management

• D. economic domination by business trusts

• 22. Which conclusion can be drawn about the impact of the Populist and the Progressive parties on the United States?

• A. Some third-party goals eventually become planks in the platforms of the major parties.

• B. The United States has steadily moved from a two-party system to a multiparty system.

• C. Religious ideals have most often motivated people to splinter away from major parties .

• D. An increasing number of citizens have grown weary of party politics and fail to vote in elections.

• 23. During the early 1900’s, the initiative, recall, and referendum were changes made in many states to give

• A. citizens the right to choose Presidential candidates

• B. voters greater direct participation in government

• C. workers more rights in the collective bargaining process

• D. business leaders more control over their industries

• 24. Reformers of the early 20th century frequently attacked political machines because the politicians in these organizations often:

• A. denied voting rights to the poor

• B. accepted bribes in return for favors

• C. wasted money on military spending

• D. discriminated against migrant workers

• 25. In the 19th century, protective tariffs, subsidies for railroads, and open immigrationshowed that the federal government followed a policy of:

• A. support for expanding economic development in the west

• B. non-interference in the laissez-faire free-market system

• C. regulation of unfair business practices

• D. support for organized labor

• 26. The passage of the Dawes Severalty Act (1887) was primarily an attempt by the United States government to:

• A. limit the power of the Bureau of Indian Affairs

• B. return eastern land to Native American Indian tribes forced to move west under the Indian Removal Act

• C. encourage Native Americans to give up their traditional cultures and assimilate into the dominant culture

• D. hire Native American Indians as military scouts to fight in the Sioux Wars

• 27. The graduated income tax, free and unlimited coinage of silver, and the direct election of senators were proposals that were included in the:

• A. Declaration of Sentiments

• B. Republican plan for Reconstruction

• C. Populist Party platform

• D. Federal Reserve System

• 28. The Panic of 1893 did NOT lead to which of the following?

• A. the March on Washington by Coxey’s Army seeking government intervention in the economy

• B. the need for foreign trade between European nations and the United States

• C. the federal government recognizing labor unions right to collectively bargain

• D. the rise of the Populist movement and the electoral showdown over the economy in 1896

• 29. In the late 1800’s, the goal of the Federal Government’s policy toward Native American Indians was to

• A. destroy tribal bonds and thus weaken their traditional cultural values

• B. grant them full citizenship and due process

• C. give their tribal groups authority over their own affairs

• D. increase the land holdings of western tribes

• 30. The Homestead Act, the mass killing of buffalo, and the completion of the transcontinental railroad are most closely associated with the

• A. rise of organized labor

• B. building of the Erie Canal

• C. northern migration of African Americans

• D. decline of the Plains Indians

• 31. Although the Populist Party failed to elect its candidates to the Presidency, some of the Party’s aims were later achieved by the

• A. adoption of the gold standard

• B. elimination of racial segregation laws in the South

• C. creation of a graduated income tax and the direct election of Senators

• D. establishment of higher protective tariffs on manufactured goods

• 32. The mechanization of agriculture in the United States led directly to

• A. an increase in production

• B. less dependence on railroads by farmers

• C. fewer agricultural exports

• D. the decreasing size of the average farm

• 33. In the late 19th century, farmers desired “cheap money” policies because farmers believed that rising prices for their crops would:

• A. enable them to pay back their loans more easily

• B. require banks to lend them more money at reduced interest rates

• C. force manufacturers to reduce the prices of manufactured goods purchased by farmers

• D. cause the price of undeveloped farmland to drop

• 34. The Federal Civil Service System was begun in the late 19th century under the Pendleton Act primarily to:

• A. reward political party supporters

• B. reduce the practice of political patronage

• C. secure political campaign contributions

• D. provide government contracts for big business

• 35. Match the following inventions with their inventor.• A. Electric Generator 1. Thomas Alva Edison• B. Telephone 2. Christopher Sholes• C. Airplane 3. George Eastman• D. Typewriter 4. Alexander Graham Bell• E. Automobile- Model T . 5. Orville and Wilbur Wright• F. Light bulb 6. Henry Ford• G. Kodak Camera/Film 7. George Westinghouse•

• [A] A-6, B-3, C-1, D-2, E-7, F-4, G-5• [B] A-7, B-4, C-1, D-3, E-5, F-2, G-6• [C] A-7, B-4, C-2, D-1, E-6, F-3, G-5• [D] A-7, B-4, C-5, D-2, E-6, F-1, G-3

• 36. Skyscrapers were made possible with the invention(s) of _______________________.

• A. Safer fire escapes

• B. Larger bricks and stronger cement

• C. Elevators and steel framework

• D. New construction safety standards

• 37. Which statement best expresses the melting pot theory as it relates to American society?

• A. Only European immigrants will be allowed into the United States.

• B. All immigrant groups will maintain their separate cultures.

• C. Different cultures will blend to form a uniquely American culture.

• D. Immigrant ghettos will develop in urban areas.

• 38. Between 1890 and 1915, the majority of immigrants to the United States were labeled “new immigrants” because they were:

• A. considered physically and mentally superior to earlier immigrants

• B. forced to settle in the cities of the Midwest

• C. from Southern and Eastern Europe and Asian countries

• D. culturally assimilated quicker than earlier immigrants

• 39. A major purpose of both the Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) and the Gentlemen’s Agreement with Japan (1907) was to:

• A. limit immigration of certain ethnic groups to please nativist groups

• B. enrich America’s cultural diversity and create a more non-white society

• C. treat all Asian and European immigrants equally by increasing immigration of non-whites

• D. relocate Asians displaced by war and famine in China and Japan

• 40. Between 1840 and 1860, the majority of the “old immigrants” to the United States came from:

• A. northern and western Europe

• B. southern and eastern Europe

• C. Canada and Latin America

• D. China and Southeast Asia

• 41. Nativism is the ____________________.

• A. Overt favoritism toward native-born Americans

• B. Dominance of cities by ethnic groups

• C. Dominance of states by political machines

• D. Overt favoritism toward new immigrants

• 42. The Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) had a major impact on the lives of African Americans because it ruled that:

• A. segregation was illegal in educational institutions

• B. voting was a right guaranteed by the Constitution

• C. separate but equal public facilities were legal

• D. military occupation of the South was unconstitutional

• 43. Which statement about the philosophies of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois is MOST ACCURATE?

• a) They differed as to the best way that African Americans could effectively achieve equality.

• b) Both demanded programs that would provide for immediate social equality.

• c) Both believed that vocational training would provide the most important kind of education for African Americans.

• d) Neither wanted the Federal Government to play a major role in protecting the civil rights of African Americans.

• 44. The main goal of the Americanization Movement was to ________________________.

• A. Limit the number of immigrants entering the country

• B. Assimilate people of various cultures into the dominant culture

• C. Improve the living conditions in America’s largest cities

• D. Encourage people to move from the country to the city

• 45. Match the Progressive amendment to its reform.

• A. 16th 1. prohibition of alcohol

• B. 17th 2. women’s suffrage

• C. 18th 3. graduated income tax

• D. 19th 4. direct election of U.S. Senators

•

• [A] A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

• [B] A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

• [C] A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1

• [D] A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3

• 46. The Progressive movement supported the idea that the federal government should:

• A. regulate big business

• B. reduce immigration

• C. build an overseas empire

• D. reduce the number of farms

• 47. Upton Sinclair, Lincoln Steffens, Jacob Riis and Ida Tarbell made their greatest contributions to the

• Progressive movement by:

• A. working to end political corruption in cities

• B. speaking out for the equal rights of Hispanic Americans

• C. supporting legislation to improve tenement housing

• D. publishing books and articles to expose the problems of society

• 48. Which event of the early 1900s is evidence that Upton Sinclair’s novel The Jungle had an important impact on the United States?

• A. adoption of reforms in public education—Newlands Act

• B. passage of legislation limiting immigration and requiring a literacy test—Chinese Exclusion Act

• C. adoption of the 18th amendment establishing Prohibition

• D. passage of legislation requiring Federal inspection of meat—Meat Inspection Act

• 49. President Woodrow Wilson supported creation of the Federal Reserve System in 1913 to:

• A. balance the federal budget

• B. regulate the amount of money in circulation

• C. serve as a source of loans for farmers

• D. solve the financial problems of the Great Depression

• 50. The purpose of the Interstate Commerce Act (1887), the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890), and the Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) was to

• A. eliminate unfair business practices

• B. reduce imports from foreign nations

• C. reduce the power of the unions

• D. increase the power of local governments

• 51. Which generalization about population growth is supported by information in this chart?

• A. For every census listed, rural population exceeded urban population.

• B. By 1920, more people lived in cities than in rural areas.

• C. The Civil War significantly slowed the rate of population growth.

• D. Most urban population growth was due to people migrating from rural areas.

• 52. The Panic of 1893 did NOT lead to which of the following?

• A. the March on Washington by Coxey’s Army seeking government intervention in the economy

• B. the need for foreign trade between European nations and the United States

• C. the federal government recognizing labor unions right to collectively bargain

• D. the rise of the Populist movement and the electoral showdown over the economy in 1896

• 53. Reformers of the early 20th century frequently attacked political machines because the politicians in these organizations often:

• A. denied voting rights to the poor

• B. accepted bribes in return for favors

• C. wasted money on military spending

• D. discriminated against migrant workers

• 54. The initiative, referendum, and recall election were supported by the Progressives as ways to:

• A. limit government regulation of the press

• B. limit the role of the Supreme Court in constitutional issues

• C. increase citizen participation in the political process

• D. increase the influence of major political parties