terrorist rehab
TRANSCRIPT
7/30/2019 Terrorist Rehab
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Jessica Deitzer
Terrorist“Rehab”:
Can it work?
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Saudi ProgramThe Advisory Committee Counseling Program
PRAC:
• Prevention
• Rehabilitation
• Aftercare
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Saudi Program
Four Subcommittees:
SecurityPsychological and Social
ReligiousMedia
Egypt, Algeria, Singapore,Indonesia, Malaysia, andYemen, and Pakistan have
also tried terrorist “rehabs” inthe recent years
(Boucek, 2008)
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DSM-IV Axes
Clinical Disorders
Personality Disorders
Medical Disorders
Psychosocial Stressors
Global Level of Functioning
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DSM-IV Axes
Clinical Disorders
Personality Disorders
Medical Disorders
Psychosocial Stressors
Global Level of Functioning
If terrorists are psychologically “normal,” how dowe treat the fourth axis?
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Research Behind “Rehab” Denial Perspective vs. Re-integrative Perspective
(Ginges, 1997)
“War on Terror” vs. positive Legal & Social actions
Groups are very important to the decisions of theindividual
Understanding the psychology of the terrorist, Re-
integrative strategies hold the most validity
Need to treat the cultural aspects and re-integrate former terrorists into society
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Terrorist “Rehab” Programs Indonesia
• Ali Imron (took part in Bali bombings)
now wants to help “deprogramother jailed terrorists” (Horgan &Braddock, 2010)
• Focuses on changing Jemaah
Islamiyah‟s understanding of Islamand Jihad
• Wants to change attitudes, beliefs,and misconceptions
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Terrorist “Rehab” Programs Yemen
Yemen‟s Religious Dialogue Committee
decided that terrorism has „„faultyintellectual foundations” and they candebate to make a change andweaken terrorist efforts (Horgan &Braddock, 2010)
Al-Hitar leads the “Committee for Religious Dialogue”
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Terrorist “Rehab” Programs Pakistan
Use Psychiatry, Education, and Religion
"The basic concept is to provide them all their comparative education, where they are able todecide for themselves what is right and what iswrong, that whatever was told to them previously is
not true," Pakistani Col. Iman Bilal said.
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Terrorist “Rehab” Programs All these programs target ideology
Ideology is the real enemy within terrorist
motivations
“Their ideology concentrates their thinking &controls their actions.” (Beck, 2002)
Bin Hassan (2012) argues for the role of counter-
ideological approaches in the war on terror.
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Are there solutions?
Despite claiming high success rates, its
difficult to truly measure recidivism andchanging ideological beliefs
Many individuals who disengage fromterrorism are not necessarily “de-
radicalized;” conversely, many who are“de-radicalized” do not necessarilyhave low recidivism rates (Horgan &Braddock, 2010)
Said Ali al-Shihri,participant of the Saudirehabilitation program,
became a major Al-Quaeda leader in
Yemen
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We need Evidence-Based…
EVALUATIONHorgan & Braddock (2010):
1. There are no explicit criteria for success
associated with any initiative.
2. There is little data associated with any of theseinitiatives that can be reliably corroboratedindependently.
3. There has been no systematic effort to study anyaspect of these programs, even individually, letalone collectively.
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We Need Evidence-Based…
PRACTICE De-radicalization is more than a change in
behavior, it‟s a change in cognitions
We must consider how the organization exertscontrol over thinking and behavior
Suggests Cognitive-Behavioral models of behavior apply to terrorism (Taylor & Horgan, 2007)
Often, the motivations for disengagementinclude disillusionment with the organization
How can we encourage counter-ideologies?
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We Need Evidence-Based…
PRACTICE The therapist and patient collaborate to identify
distorted cognitions, which are derived frommaladaptive beliefs or assumptions. These
cognitions and beliefs are subjected to logicalanalysis and empirical hypothesis‐testing whichleads individuals to realign their thinking withreality.” – David A. Clark (1995)
Cognitive Behavior Therapy is one of the mostwidely researched and effective types oftherapy. (Butler et al 2006)
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We Need Evidence-Based…
PRACTICE Cognitive Distortions of terrorists:
overgeneralization
dichotomous thinking tunnel vision
Reframe the “enemy,” group therapy, meetingsof victims and perpetrators
Multidisciplinary approach- need clinicians towork in this new field
(Beck, 2002)
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We Need Evidence-Based…
EDUCATION Pakistan‟s program is unique in reaching out to
teens
"I am going to spread and preach whatever Ilearn here and tell people that what they weredoing is wrong”
Chief Minister Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Ameer Haider Khan Hoti has said that promotion of educationwas the only way forward to cope withchallenges of extremism, terrorism, poverty,illiteracy, law and order and unemployment.
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We Need Evidence-Based…
EDUCATION Ministry of Education Saudi program educates in
schools about dangers of terrorism and terroristideologies
Don‟t expect to reach today‟s terrorists- instead,focus on the next generation, the generation oftomorrow (Wagner, 2006)
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Bibliography Beck, A. T. (2002). Prisoners of hate. Behaviour Research and
Therapy, 40(3), 209-216.
Boucek, C. (2008). Saudi arabia‟s “soft” counterterrorism strategy:
Prevention, rehabilitation, and aftercare . Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1(97), 1-28.
Butler, A. C., Chapman, J. E., Forman, E. M., & Beck, A. T. (2006). Theempirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses . Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 17-31.
Clark, D. A. (1995). Perceived limitations of standard cognitivetherapy: A reconsideration of efforts to revise Beck's theory andtherapy. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 9(3), 153−172.
Goldman, R. (2010, January 1). Does rehab for terrorists work?. ABCNews. Retrieved fromhttp://abcnews.go.com/International/guantanamo-release-saudi-
rehab-ali-al-shihri-now/story?id=9458164
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Bibliography Ginges, J. (1997). Dettering the terrorist: A psychological evaluation of different
strategies for deterring terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence, 9(1), 170-185.
Horgan, J., & Braddock, K. (2010). Rehabilitating the terrorists?: Challenges in
assessing the effectiveness of de-radicalization programs . Terrorism and PoliticalViolence, 22, 267 – 291.
Naeem, A. (2012, October 18). Promotion of education only way to cope withchallenges of extremism, terrorism: Hoti. Business Recorder. Retrieved fromhttp://www.brecorder.com/top-news/108-pakistan-top-news/86744-promotion-of-education-only-way-to-cope-with-challenges-of-extremism-terrorism-hoti-.html
Raddatz, M., & Netter, S. (2010, December 31). Rehab for terrorists: Pakistan triesreintegration program on teen extremists. ABC News. Retrieved fromhttp://abcnews.go.com/International/rehab-terrorists-pakistan-reintegration-program-teen-extremists/story?id=12515154
Taylor, M., & Horgan, J. (2006). A conceptual framework for addressingpsychological process in the development of the terrorist . Terrorism and PoliticalViolence, 18, 585 – 601.
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Questions?
Terrorist “Rehab”: Can it
work?
Jessica Deitzer