8/14/2019 Terror and Persecution of the Jews

1/17

Nazi Germany

1933 - 1945

By Mr Osbornewww.SchoolHistory.co.uk

8/14/2019 Terror and Persecution of the Jews

2/17

The use of Terror

The SS

an elite group of committed Nazis,

used to eliminate the SA in June 1934 charged with internal security

guarded concentration camps

hunted political enemies commanded by Heinrich Himmler

8/14/2019 Terror and Persecution of the Jews

3/17

The use of Terror

The Gestapo

The secret state police. Used to

suppress hostility to the regime athome and in occupied territories.

Commanded by Himmler

8/14/2019 Terror and Persecution of the Jews

4/17

The use of Terror

Concentration Camps

run by the SS to detain enemies of the

state Dachau 1933

Prisoners Jews, political, priests, anti-socials

By 1939 six camps were operating.

Extermination Camps Auschwitz-Birkenau

8/14/2019 Terror and Persecution of the Jews

5/17

Role of Propaganda

The Press

all non Nazi newspapers and

magazines were taken over or closed all content was strictly controlled

Radio

All stations under state control. Cheap mass

produced radios sold. Sets installed in cafes and

factories. All Hitlers speeches broadcast.

8/14/2019 Terror and Persecution of the Jews

6/17

Role of Propaganda

Films : Over 100 000 made allapproved by Goebbels. All films

given a pro Nazi stance

Ministry for Public Propaganda

and

Enlightenment

8/14/2019 Terror and Persecution of the Jews

7/17

Role of Propaganda

Rallies and Campaigns

Annual rally at Nuremburg

1936 Olympic Games, used aspropaganda

Local rallies and fund raising led by

the Hitler Youth and local partyorganisations

Posters used to promote Nazi ideals

Joseph

Goebbels

8/14/2019 Terror and Persecution of the Jews

8/17

Role of Propaganda

Books and Art

writers, and composers persuaded or

forced to produce works in praise ofHitler

Books written by Jews, Communists etcwere banned and many destroyed in

public book burning in 1933

Jazz music banned because of its blackorigins

8/14/2019 Terror and Persecution of the Jews

9/17

Religion

Nazi Part Attitudes

Claimed to approve

of Christianity and

offer religious

freedom. In fact

attacked Churches

and religious sects

Catholic Church : Concordat 1933 in theory allowed

Catholic Church to operate freely in return for an oath of

loyalty. 1937 after a steady erosion of its influence Pope

condemns Nazis. Never take a stand on Jewish persecutions

Protestant Churches: 1933

attempt by Hitler to gain

control and establish a Reich

Church. Reich Church was

anti-Christian and promotedNazism.

Confessional Church founded

in defiance of Nazis

8/14/2019 Terror and Persecution of the Jews

10/17

Persecution of the Jews

Hitler blamed the Jews for

Treaty of Versailles

Inflation 1923

Economic collapse 1929 -32

8/14/2019 Terror and Persecution of the Jews

11/17

8/14/2019 Terror and Persecution of the Jews

12/17

Persecution of the Jews

1935 - The Nuremburg Laws 15 September

1 - The Reich Law on citizenship - only thoseof German blood can be citizens, and have the

right to vote.

2- Law for the protection of German Bloodand Honour - forbids marriage or sexualrelations between Jews and German citizens

8/14/2019 Terror and Persecution of the Jews

13/17

Persecution of the Jews

1936 - 37

The professional activity of Jews is

banned or restricted - includes vets,doctors, dentists, accountants,teachers and nurses

1938 Qualifications of Jewish doctorsis cancelled

8/14/2019 Terror and Persecution of the Jews

14/17

Persecution of the Jews

1938 - Riechkristalnacht 9th November

Following the murder of a German diplomat

in Paris by a Jew a campaign is startedwhich last 3 days and targets Jewish shops,homes and synagogues. 90 killed 20 000arrested and sent to concentration camps

Jewish children excluded form schools andUniversities

8/14/2019 Terror and Persecution of the Jews

15/17

Persecution of the Jews

1939 - Jews no longer allowed to runbusinesses and shops

forbidden to own radios and to buycakes and chocolate

1940 - 42 Jews deported from GermanyJews in occupied territories moved intoghettos and used as slave labour.Special SS groups formed to deal withthe Jews. Gassing in vans starts

8/14/2019 Terror and Persecution of the Jews

16/17

Persecution of the Jews

The Wannsee Conference Jan 1942

Decision taken by Nazi leaders led by Heydrichmeet to discuss the final solution

Decision to evacuate all Jews to exterminationcamps in Poland is taken

Over 4.5 million Jews killed in death camps

8/14/2019 Terror and Persecution of the Jews

17/17

Persecution of minorities

Homosexuals, Gypsies and other undesirables sent toconcentration camps

Mentally ill sent to concentration camps

The Euthanasia programme people judged worthless to the regime were killed.

5,000 children 71, 000 adults

Stopped in 1941 after protest from Pope

Forced Sterilisation programme to preventcontamination of the Aryan race