termodinamik - prof.dr. ali pınarbaşı Çözümlü sorular
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0. Jir pistfe sioiemir mzlelieml j` o`ed t`, 0;; h[` j`s et` mfybu sv-jun`r h`r b < hd sujuoueb`ht`mr. Quyue : hdo h job sv g`z em`, dlri h`o`e isl jun`r g`z em`mr. Jumurubm`yhle pistfe murmuruauo`r zlriemlmir. M`n` sfer` suy`s dlii fob`ht`, j`s e
yhsloblhtl vl :;; h[` fomu uem` pistfe n`rlhlt ltblyl j` o`b`ht`m r. Is dlii tfpo`b n`aib
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fouea`y` h`m`r mlv`b ltblhtlmir. Jue` drl8`) oh vl sfe n`omlhi sa`hoho`r ,j) [istfe yuh`r mfru n`rlhlt ltblyl j` o`m `em`hi s v g`zem`hi suyue htolsieia) N`o mliibi s r`s em` y`po`e ii juoueuz.
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:. -:; ; Aml mfybu jun`r fo`r`h juoue`e sf utuau `hh`e-0:eie, jir hfbprlsr y`rm b yo` ;.4B[` j`s ea` h`m`r sh t r ob`s istleblhtlmir. Qf utuau `hh`ee mljisi 0.: hd/smir.
`) Hfbprlsre `my j`tih vl h s a`ho ee >; ; A fob`s murubuem`, hfbprlsr iiedlrlhoi da juoueuz.
j) @ye hfbprlsrml sf utb` y`p ob`s murubuem`, sfutuau `hh`em`e < hc/hd slhioblhtl jueue sfeuauem` h sa`ho 4; ; A fob`ht`mr. Ju murubm`, hfbprlsr iie dlrlhoida juoueuz.
a) ` vl jml loml lmiole sfeuo`r dz eel `o`r`h, hfbprlsrml y`p o`e sfutb`e ebnlemisoih `sem`e elbiei `ho`yez.
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a) Qfutb` y`p ob`s murubuem` n`ra`e`e i m`n` `z fob`ht`mr. Bnlemisoih `sem`e i n`ra`y`e mzlelholrml iie `z` bieibub` iemirioblsi istleir.
1. Jun`ro jir s tb` sistlbieml huoo`e o`e r`my`tre n`abi :; otmir. Z`my`tr ;.0< B[` j`s et`mfybu jun`ro` mfomuu z`b`e jun`r diri vl h v`e`o`r h`p`t ob`ht`m r. J`s e
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0. @ m` zlooiholri vlriole b`mmlolr iie jioieblyle zlooiholri mfomurueuz.
B`mml [(h[`) ]( ; A) v(b 1/hd) x G`z MurubuZ-0: :; ;.;::N: F :;;; 09;N: F 1:< ;.=
Z-01=` 7; ;,07;N: F 04; Mfybu jun`r
B`mml [(h[`) ]( ; A) v(b 1/hd) x G`z MurubuZ-0: Mfybu s v -jun`rN: F :;;; 09; ;.;;00=0 - Q h tr ob s v N: F 1:< 017.1; ;.::< ;.= Mfybu s v jun`r
Z-01=` 07> 7; ;,07; - H zde jun`rN: F 490.4 04; ;.:=:> 0 Mfybu jun`r
:. Jir pistfe sioiemir mzlelieml ;.7 B[` vl =; ; Aml juoue`e 0; hd sfutuau `hh`e-0: , :; ; As a`ho h`m`r s`jit j`s et` sf utuob`ht`mr.
`) N`o mliibiei ]-v miy`dr`b em`, mfybu sv jun`r l riolriei ml dstlrlrlh izieiz.j) N`aibmlhi mliblyi juoueuza) ]fpo`b let`opi ml iibiei let`opieie t`e b e huoo`e`r`h juoueuzm) ]fpo`b let`opi ml iibiei t`jof huoo`e`r`h juoueuz
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j) [ 02;.7 B[` vl ] 02=; ; A Hzd e jun`r v 02;.;1094b 1 /hd n02:;9.10hc/hd u0209;.01hc/hd
[ : 2;.7 B[` vl ] : 2:; ; A Qht r ob sv v: 2vgK:; ; A 2;.;;;4
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m)N2b(n: -n0)N20;hd(4-:;9.10)hc/hdN2-0b1/hd
0-: N`o mliibi (1;;h[` fouea`y` mlh s`jit n`aibml)[ : 21;;h[` vl v : 2;.1197b1/hdvg?v: ?vd fomuuem`e r` jodlml
:-1 N`o mliibi (1;;h[` s`jit j`s et` dlei olbl)[121;;h[`st murmuruauy` ml mii `em` zdo n`aib8v2;.7/0.04>v2;.
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0) @ m` vlriole b`mmlolr iie t`jofm`hi jf ouho`r mfomurueuz.
B`mml [(h[`) ]( ; A) v(b1/hd) x N`o`) N : F 09>,
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Aubnuriylt eivlrsitlsiB`hie` Bnlemisoi i Job]lrbfmie`bih I Gie`o Q e`v Qfruo`r
rleaieie, 0 1 < 4@m : = 7Eub`r`s ]F[O@B
0-Jir `ym`eo h suyue `) jir fa` e zlrieml, j) iiel lolhtrihoi s t a hfe`r`h s t om e mee.Quyu s tb`h iie n`edi yfo m`n` vlriboimir6 @ ho`y e. (< pu`e)
(j) bltfmu m`n` vlriboimir. eh suyue iieml juoue`e s t a lolb`em`e lvrlyl fo`e soh`y po`r mi lriel drl m`n` `zm r. @b` m`n` `z lolhtrih lelrcisi dirmisiyol s tb`y s` o`b`h fomu uem`e ihieai yetlbie m`n` vlriboi fomu u ` ih`rm r.
:-Jir lolhtrihoi fa`ht` su s t om e mee. Ju i olb lse`s em` lelrcieie n`edi jiibolrmljuouemuueu vl n`edi lelrci me bolri fomuueu jloirtie. (< pu`e)
Lelrcieie gfrbu lolhtrih lelrcisi vl muyuour i lelrcimir. Lolhtrih lelrcisi suy` fo`e s tr`esglri eltialsieml muyuour i lelrciyl me blhtlmir.
1-@ m` jloirtiole i olbolrmle n`edisi m`n` g`zo` lelrci dlrlhtirir. `) 0 @tb j`s et` 0 hdmfybu s v n`oieml suyu tbyol jun`ro` t rb`h, j) > @tb j`s et` 0 hd mfybu s v n`oieml suyutbyol jun`ro` t rb`h. (< pu`e)
Yhslh j`s e, m`n` `z jun`ro` b` lelrcisi dlrlhtirmi iemle, 0 @tb j`s et` 0 hd mfybu s v y jun`ro` t rb`h m`n` g`zo` lelrci dlrlhtirir.
=- Yhslh jir jie`e
e tlplsiemle `t
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mlrhle d`zfzue s
a`ho
pft`esiylo lelrcimlhi z`o`b`m`e mfo`y `rt`r b 6 (< pu`e)
N`y r eh hutueue pft`esiylo lelrcisi m bl lse`s em` i lelrciyl ml io, hieltih lelrciylmer.
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Aubnuriylt eivlrsitlsiB`hie` Bnlemisoi i Job]lrbfmie`bih I Gie`o Q e`v Qfruo`r
rleaieie, 0 1 < 4@m : = 7Eub`r`s ]F[O@B
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Aubnuriylt eivlrsitlsiB`hiel Bnlemisoi i Job]lrbfmie`bih I - Gie`o Q e`v Qfruo`r zbolri 0;.;0.:;;:
0-) @ m` zlooiholri jloirtiole b`mmlolr iie jioieblyle zlooiholri mfomurueuz.
B`mml [ (h[`) ] ( ; A) v (b 1/hd) n (hc/hd) x G`z murubuN: F 07; 07>:N: F 9
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Aubnuriylt eivlrsitlsiB`hiel Bnlemisoi i Job]lrbfmie`bih I - Gie`o Q e`v Qfruo`r zbolri 0;.;0.:;;:
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B`mml [ (h[`) ] ( ; A) v (b1/hd) n (hc/hd) x G`z murubuN: F 704.> 07; ;.0=9 07>: ;.=>1 Iso`h jun`rN: F 9.04 ) n : 2 11;.:1 hc / hd
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0. Nlr jiri :;; O n`abiel s`nip @ vl J t`eho`r lhio 0 ml dstlriomii diji jir v`e` y`rm b yo` jirjiriel j` o`eb t r. J` o`ed t` @ t`eh em` := ; Aml, n`aibal %0; s v , %9; jun`rfob`h zlrl sf utuau `h h`e 0: juoueur ihle J t`eh t`b`ble jf tur. M`n` sfer` v`e` ` o`r`hmfybu jun`r e @ t`eh em`e J t`eh e` `h , J t`eh e e j`s ea @ t`eh em`hi j`s ea` uo` ea`y`h`m`r s` o`eb`ht`m r. Ju efht`m` v`e` tlhr`r h`p`t ob`ht`m r. N`o mliibieie y`v`
dlrlhol blsi elmleiyol s a`ho h n`o mliibi jfyuea` := ; A fo`r`h h`ob`ht`m r. @ t`eh em`hihuruouh mlrlalsiemlhi ml iibi juoueuz.
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1. Jun`ro jir s tb` tlsis`t em` huoo`e o`e r`my`tre n`abi :; otmir. Z`my`tr 0
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7. H`p`o jir sistlbml dlrlhol le jir lvrib iie, elt i buto`h` s g r b m r6 El trsistlbolr iie ju murub dllroimir.
N`y r. @my`j`tih sistlbolr iie elt i s g r four.4. Qrlhoi `h o jir n`v` hfbprlsr m ee. Hfbprlsr diri vl h em`hi n`aibslomljiolri h`r o t r e.
Hfbprlsr diri iemlhi n`aibslo mlji m`n` jyhtr. eh h t` zdo n`aib`z`ob`ht`m r.>. 0h[` . b 1 20hc fomuueu dstlrieiz.
hC bhE bbhE
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0. Qrlhoi `h o ` h jir sistlbml `h h`e =hd/s mlji iol `hb`ht`m r. @h h`e sistlbl7;;hE/b : j`s e, ::; b/s n z, ::;;hC/hd i lelrci vl ;,=: b 1/hd zdo n`abiel s`nip fo`r`hdirip, 0
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:. @ m` zlooiholri vlriole b`mmlolr iie jioieblyle zlooiholri mfomurueuz.
B`mml [(h[`) ]( ; A) v(b 1/hd) x G`z Murubu
N: F 0;; 99.>1 0.79< - H zd e jun`rN: F 09>.7< - H zd e jun`rZ-0: 0 Mfybu jun`r
1. Zicit jir t`eh ihi l it p`r` n`oiemlmir. J` o`ed t` t`eh e jir t`r`g em` < hd su, :;; h[`vl :< ; Amlmir. Milr t`r`g isl jf tur. @r`m`hi aim`r h`om r om em` su t`eh e jte n`abieldlei olblhtlmir. ]`eh e s a`ho :< ; Aoih j`o`ed s a`ho e` lri iealyl h`m`r s tr`esglri
fob`ht`m
r.`) ]`eh e n`abieij) Qfe j`s ea e a) Ju lse`m`hi s tr`esglriei nls`po`y`r`h [-W miy`dr`b em` dstlrieiz.
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Aubnuriylt eivlrsitlsi
B`hiel Bnlemisoi i Job]lrbfmie`bih I Gie`o Q e`v sfruo`r
rleaieie, 0 =@m :
Qfy`m 1Eub`r`s ]F[O@B
1- Jir tlrbih s`etr`omlhi jun`r trjieieie da 7;BTm r. Qu jun`r trjiel 1B[` j`s e =;; ; As a`ho h vl 1 ;,9(:19:,>) :1=
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Aubnuriylt eivlrsitlsi
B`hiel Bnlemisoi i Job]lrbfmie`bih I Gie`o Q e`v sfruo`r
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0. @ m zlooiholri vlriole b`mmlolr iie t`jofyu mfomurueuz.
:. Jir pistfe sioiemir mzlel ieml j` o`ed t` :;; h[` j`s et` ;,< b 1 mfybu su jun`r juoueb`ht`m r. Ju murubm`yhle pistfe ihi murmuruau zlrieml juoueb`ht`m r. [istfeuh`om rb`h iie 1;; h[` j`s ea` dlrlh v`rm r. M`n` sfer` jun`r` fo`e s dli i sfeuem` n`aibihi h`t e` hb`ht`m r. N`o ml iibi iie8`) [-W miy`dr`b e izieiz.j) Qfe murubm`hi s a`ho a) Y`p o`e iim) ]fpo`b s dli iei nls`po`y e z
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`) Y`p o`e ii juoueuz.j) Qfe murubm`hi j`s ea juoueuz.a) D`z e aiesiei jloirolyieiz.
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j): : :
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D`z e aiesi fhsicle (F : ) mir.
=. Z`my`o `h o jir hfbprlsrl 0;; h[` vl :>; H murubuem` dirle ;,;: hd/s n`v`,7;; h[` j`s ea` s h t r ob`ht`m r. N`o ml iibi srlsieal 07 hC/hd s h`yj fob`ht`m r.Hfbprlsr `o t rb`h iie dlrlhoi d :,41: hT fomu ue` drl, hieltih vl pft`esiylo lelrcimliibolriei inb`o lmlrlh sfe murubm`hi s a`ho juoueuz.
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7. Bhlbblo jir d`z jir pistfe sioiemir mzlel ieml `my`j`tih fo`r`h vl s`jit s a`ho ht`s h t r o`jioir bi6
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Q h t rb`h iie i n`ra`eb`o , mfo`y s yo` ju murubm` s h t r o`b`z.
4. Jir buait =;; H s a`ho ht`hi jir h`ye`ht`e >;; hC s `o`e, :.
Z`h b 0:>< b fo`e Qiv`st` st ` h jir `ym`eo ht`hi jir su h` ; A ml h`ye`r6
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etlrpfo`syfeo` Qiv`st` hi `tbfsglr j`s ea [ `tb 2>7,7> h[`etlrpfo`syfe ju j`s ea` mleh dlole mfyb` s a`ho ]299,
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Aubnuriylt eivlrsitlsiB`hie` Bnlemisoi i Job]lrbfmie`bih I Wizl Q e`v Qfruo`r
rleaieie, 0 1 < 4@m : = 7Eub`r`s ]F[O@B
0-Mfybu s v iol s ht r ob s v , vl mfybu jun`r iol h zd e jun`r `r`s em`hi g`rh elolrmir,` ho`y e z. (< pu`e)
Jir s v htolsieie jun`r n`oiel dlljiolal i oibit ml lrimir. @hsi t`hmirml sv s ht r ob fo`r`h h`juo lmioir. Mfybu jun`r iol h zde jun`r `r`s em`hi g`rh isl, mfybu jun`rilrisieml s v p`rtihoolri ilrblyle `h h`e foup, nlrn`edi jir s a`hoh `rt b em` sht r ob jun`r y`ei h zde jun`r n`oiel meljiolal i oibit efht` fo`r`h t`e bo`er.
:-Mfybu s v jun`r h`r b jodlsieml s a`ho h vl j`s e elmle jirjiriel j` o zlooiholrmir.(>< b 1/hdN`aib s`jit fomu uem`e8
sf utb` i olbiemle ealhi zdo n`aib2sf utb` sfer`s zdo n`aib
;.< x 2 2 (4.< pu`e)
a) I. Y`s` dlrl i8P u T 2 +
s`jit n`aib i olbi sljljiyol T2;, mfo`y syo`8P u2
0 0 0
:
: : :
: 0
:41:.9 (17; ;..< /
g gd
u n [v x hC hd n n xn x hC hd u n [v x hC hd zdoilelrciml i ibiisl
u u u hC hd ]r`esglr lmiole s i
2 2 22 + 2 + 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
8
0.4>..=
slP b u x hC 2 2 2
(0; pu`e)
4-Jir d`z 0.= BE/b : j`s e vl 17; f A s a`ho ht` `my`j`tih fo`r`h 0;; hE/b : j`s ea` s ht r o yfr.D`z m`n` sfer` s`jit n`aibml s a`ho h 17; f AUyl dloiealyl h`m`r s t o yfr vl ju efht`m` j`s ea e::; hE/b : fomuu tlsjit lmioiyfr. Qfe fo`r`h m` izftlrb`o fo`r`h j` o`ed j`s ea fo`e 0.=BE/b : fo`e` h`m`r tlhr`r s h t r o`r`h lvrib t`b`bo`e yfr. Htolsi ;.:1 hd fo`e ju d`z e n`omliib dr`gi iei [-v miy`dr`b em` dstlrlrlh8 (d`z iie A p20.;;< hC/hd H) (1; pu`e) `) @my`j`tih s fo`e h y ,j) @my`j`tih s ht rb` lse`s em`hi i lelrci ml iibiei juoueuz.
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Aubnuriylt eivlrsitlsiB`hie` Bnlemisoi i Job]lrbfmie`bih I Wizl Q e`v Qfruo`r
rleaieie, 0 1 < 4@m : = 7Eub`r`s ]F[O@B
`) zftlrb`o i olb iie8 100 0 1 11 0
0=;; 7.17::;
W [ [W [W [ W
2 2 2 2 (< pu`e)
@my`j`tih iolb iie8 10 : :0 0 : : 1 :: 0 0 0
h h h W [ W W [W [W vl jyolal W W
[ W W W
2 2 2 2
0=;;7.17 0.=:7 .
0;;h jur`m`e h juoueur 2 2 (4,< pu`e)
j)0.;;4.4
::; [ [ [ ] ] H ] ] x H ] ] [
2 2 2 + 2 2 2 2 (4.< pu`e)
@my`j`tih n`o ml iibi lse`s em` i lelrci ml iibi8
: 0 : 0( ) ;.:1 ;.4;4.4 711)
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0. @ m` zlooiholri vlriole b`mmlolr iie jioieblyle zlooiholri mfomurueuz.
B`mml [(h[`) ]( ; A) v(b 1/hd) x G`z MurubuN: F 0;; 0.79
Z-0: :;; -1 0.79< - H zd e jun`r
N: F 09>.7< - H zd e jun`rZ-0: 0 Mfybu jun`r
:- Qrlhoi `h o ` h jir sistlbml `h h`e =hd/s mlji iol `hb`ht`m r. @h h`e sistlbl 7;;hE/b : j`s e, ::; b/s n z, ::;;hC/hd i lelrci vl ;,=: b 1/hd zdo n`abiel s`nip fo`r`h dirip, 0
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a)
hcP
hd hcu
u
v
vv x
hd hc
uu
uubP
[L HL \ T P
gd
g
g
:>.0;=91.0;=(>.0;=
0;1.:;;0.;17.=1;;0.;;;:.;
>>.0;=
)(
:
>.;,/;;0;==.;0;;
ububnbPububnbnbT P
hdH hC x x s x s s
hd hC x xu xuu x x
A ]
xv
vv xhd bbW v
hd bbbbbbb
hd bbhd vW
b
hdH hC s shd hC nn s vmfybu
A ]
hdH hC s shd hC uuhd bvv s vmfybu
A ]
HN d d
sd s
sd s
gd
g
HN d
A g A g
A g A g A g
h`ye`h
h`ye`h
lvrl
lvrl
lvrl
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P
]
P sb sb sb]
P sb sb sb sbQ
hC x xP
+++2++2
2+2
)()(
4>,:749=,=0>0=0.1>1:=,=:;
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]LZBFM E@BH-: MLZQ GE@O QFZ\O@ZI WL ALW@[O@ZI0:.7.:;;4
1
ALW@[3
hC.)..(x.)uu(bxPT\TPhC.)..(xx)ss(]bQ]P
hdH /hC.s,hd/hC.u]]A[
hdH /hC.s,hd/hC.ujun.mfy
A]
>:9:1:17:=1:17>07:=41
>077:71;:;;
=1:171:
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]LZBFM E@BH-: MLZQ GE@O QFZ\O@ZI WL ALW@[O@ZI0:.7.:;;4
=
ZELH-73
0;; h[` vl :: A mlhi n`v` jir hfbprlsrl `r`a o yo`,
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Aubnuriylt eivlrsitlsiB`hiel Bnlemisoi i Job]lrbfmie`bih I Gie`o Q e`v sfru vl zbolri
Yrm.Mf.Mr. @oi [IE@ZJ@ I
0
0-
@
m`hi izlodlml lhsih zlooiholri juo`r`h, n`oie n`edi g`zm` fomu ueu su iie jloirtieiz. (Ml lrolri juob`h iie y`pt e z iolbolr alv`p h` m e` y`z o`a`ht r.)
] ( f A) [ (h[`) u (hC/hd) x G`z @ ho`b`s
` 0:;,:1 :;; 0409,=9 ;.7 Mfybu s v +Jun`rj 0:< :1:,0 07;; ;,
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]lrbfmie`bih I- Gie`o s e`v sfru vl alv`po`r 9.0.:;;>
0. Llr jiri t`r`g em`e vly` hlemi hlemieizl yzezl tfh`t `t`r`h vurmu ueuzm`, loieizmlvly` yzezml y`eb` nissi fou tu ueu jioirsieiz. ]`oinsiz jir fo`yo` h`r o` r`h h zd e jirhii t`r`g em`e yzezl tfh`t `t om e n`y`o lmieiz. Ju murub yzeze fo`ym`e lthiolelejodlsieml 0.> f Al s a`ho h `rt e` elmle fo`a`ht r. ]fh`t `t`e loie htolsi 0.: hd, vurb`fo`y em`e lthiolele lo vl yze mfhuo`r e e y`ho` h htolsi isl ;.0hC/hd f A fo`r`h `o e. (Eft3 Mlri
yzlyiemle lvrlyl s h`yj fob`m e h`juo lmieiz)
Lo vl yze lthiolele h sbo`r sistlb fo`r`h slioirsl8: :
: 0
:0
0
;:
;;.0< 1.> 0.> 0.: =0.1< /
: 0;;;
mlri lo mlri lo
W W P T \ HL b a ] b
W W b s
2 + 2 +
2 + 2
: . Jloiroi jir htolyl s`nip bhlbblo d`z > 04=.:
17;;( ) ( ;.0< 0; ) 04=.: ;.40> 0< .04
0v f
[W bZ] b b hd
hC se hcP T \ ba ] ] s``t hd ] ] A
s s``t hd A
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
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; ;.:< ;.0: 0 ;.;< 0.=: hC/hdAmir.Lholeblsi dlrlhle juz biht`r e juoueuz.
Qu :; fAmle ; fAyl dloirhle vlrmii s, juzu lritblhtlmir.;.=< =.0> :; 11= ;.00:7su juz su juz gd juz juz L L b a ] b n b b h 2 2 2 2
4. Qrlhoi `o b` rto`r em`, j`s ea 0 bb : fomuue` drl (`) jun`r e h htol mljisiei vl n z e (j) Jun`r e jirib htolmlhi `h lelrcisiei vl tfpo`b lelrcisiei (a) Jirib z`b`em` mmhotlealrlyi tlrh lmle jun`r e lelrcisiei juoueuz.
`) 0
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Aubnuriylt eivlrsitlsiB`hiel Bnlemisoi i Job
]lrbfmie`bih I Wizl Q e`v sfruo`r
@m Qfy`m Eub`r`s
0. < f A s a`ho em`hi ;.0 hd yuburt`e e zdo s s 1.1: hC/hd f Amir. Yuburt` 9< f Amlh`ye`y`e suy` t o rs`, yuburt`y` fo`e b`hsibub s dli iei juoueuz .
hC>>.:9)
P T n n n hc hd
n n]`jof @ ] H A
2 2
2 2 2
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Aubnuriylt eivlrsitlsiB`hiel Bnlemisoi i Job
]lrbfmie`bih I Wizl Q e`v sfruo`r
@m Qfy`m Eub`r`s
7. H zd e su jun`r s`jit s a`ho ht` mfybu jun`r loml lmioiealyl h`m`r s h t r o yfr. [-v vl ]-vmiy`dr`bo`r e izieiz.
4. : hT daemlhi jir lolhtrihoi s t a < hd su iiel m`om r ob`ht` vl 0; m`hih` srlyol`o t r ob`ht`m r. olb s r`s em` sum`e 1;; hC s h`yj fob`ht`m r. Quyue s a`ho em`hi `rt juoueuz (Quyue zdo s s =.0> hC/hd f A `o e`jioir).
7;1;; ( : *0; * ) * =1.;7
0
v
f
P T \ ba ]
hc shC mh ] ] A
s mh
2 2
2 2
>. Jir s b`hielsi 0;;; f A s a`ho ht`hi jir mlpfm`e s `ob`ht` vl
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Aubnuriylt eivlrsitlsiB`hiel Bnlemisoi i Job
]lrbfmie`bih II :. Wizl Q e`v sfruo`r :9.; b/s n zo`
dirblhtl, ;; hC/hd n`v`m r.
`- lvribie nlr jir i olbi sfeuem`hi j`s e vl s a`ho ,j- Is o vlribi,a- Frt`o`b` lglhtig j`s ea nls`po`y e z.
Eft3 ]lrbfmie`bih t`jofo`r ` ht r J` `r o`r]`b sfeuo`r ml lrolemirblml mihh`tl `o e`a`ht r . Mf.Mr. @oi [IE@ZJ@ I
( ) ( ) ( ): :. .
0 :tr 0 : ; 0 : 0 :
h 0 (h 0) h h
elt: 0 : : : 0
0 : 0 0 0 : 0 :
W WT b n n ] s s d z z
:
w] v ] [ [ vFLJ
] v ] [ [ v v v
2 + +
2 2 2 2
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Aubnuriylt eivlrsitlsiB`hiel Bnlemisoi i Job
]lrbfmie`bih II :. Wizl Q e`v sfruo`r :9.
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Aubnuriylt eivlrsitlsiB`hiel Bnlemisoi i Job
]lrbfmie`bih II :. Wizl Q e`v sfruo`r :9.1hc/ hd w v ([ [ )
Mfybu s v v ;, ;;0;0b / hd w ;, ;;0;0 (=;;; 0;) =, ;1hc/ hd
n n w n 090,>1 =, ;1 097hc/ hd
[ =B[` n 1:01,7hc/ hd
] =;; A s 7, 479hc / hdH
s s 7,479 ;,7=91[ 0;h[` x
s
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 + 2 + 22 2
2 2
2 2 2
= = g = gd
elt d
d 1 :
= 0
elt
elttn
d
;,>074,hc / hdH n n x n 090,>1 ;,>07 :19:,> :0==,11 09
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Aubnuriylt eivlrsitlsiB`hiel Bnlemisoi i Job
]lrbfmie`bih II :. Wizl Q e`v sfruo`r :9.mir. Q h t rb`strfhueue j` o`ed a em`hi j`s e ;.0 B[` vl s a`ho h 0;; hC/hd n`v`m r.
`- lvribie nlr jir i olbi sfeuem`hi j`s e vl s a`ho ,j- Is o vlribi,a- Frt`o`b` lglhtig j`s ea nls`po`y e z.
(Fm` s a`ho em` s`jit zdo s y`ho` b e huoo`e e z)
h 0
;.=: 0:
0 :
h 0.=: 0
:0 :
] v] :>>(>) 770,7) 0,>14B[`
[ v
2 2 2
2 2 2
:-1 N`o ml iibi s`jit n`aibml 0>;;hc/hd s diri i8:1 v 1 :
1
1 b`x
: 1: :1 b`x
1 1 :
q a (] ] )
0>;; ;, 40>(] 770, 7.70H ]
[ ][ ] 0,>14 107>,70[ >, 494B[` [
[ ] ] 770,7,494[ ;, =4>B[`
[ v >
q a (] ] )
q ;, 40>(0149, : :>>) 4>1, =>hc / hd
q 0>;;hc/ hd
w q q 0>;; 4>1, => 0;07,>v ;,>:7:7
w 0;07,
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Aubnuriylt eivlrsitlsiB`hiel Bnlemisoi i Job
]lrbfmie`bih II Gie`o Q e`v sfruo`r ;4.7.:;;7
rleaieie, 0 =@m :Qfy`m 1
Eub`r`s ]F[O@B
0. Qrteblsiz jir pistfe sioiemir mzlel ieml j` o`ed t` :;;h[` j`s et` mfybu s v n`oieml su juoueb`ht`m r. M`n` sfer` suy` 9 1:00, 70hc / hd
P b q 44;;; b1:00,70 b :1,94hd / s
2 + 2 + 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
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Aubnuriylt eivlrsitlsiB`hiel Bnlemisoi i Job
]lrbfmie`bih II Gie`o Q e`v sfruo`r ;4.7.:;;7
rleaieie, 0 =@m :Qfy`m 1
Eub`r`s ]F[O@B
Yf uturuaum` m frt`b` `t o`e s 8. .
= 0
tn
d
P b q b(n n ) :1,94(:01) =4;10,9
P 44;;;
2 2 2 2
2 2 2
=- J`sit jir Z`ehiel lvribieml trjie h em`hi j`s e 4>7m r. Yf uturuaum`e, :9;H s a`ho ht`hi lvrl frt`b` s `t o`r`h, suyue 4=.19 ;.>>7 ::4>.7 :=;1.:hc/ hd
s s x s 0.:01 ;.>>7 7.:=1= 7.4==7hc/ hdH
Yf uturuau h :n`oi
n 1>=.19hc / hd
s 0.:01hc / hdH
q n n 1>=.19 :=;1.:
2 + 2 2
2 + 2 + 2
2
2
2 2 2
; sis lvrl
lvrl; : 0
;
:;0>.>0hc/ hd
I ] ( s s )
qI ] (s s )
]
:;0>.>0I :9;(0.:01 7.4==7 )
:9;I =0=.7=hc / H
2 +
2 +
2 +
2
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Aubnuriylt eivlrsitlsiB`hie` Bnlemisoi i Job]lrbfmie`bih II Gie`o Q e`v Qfruo`r
rleaieie, 0 =@m :Qfy`m 1Eub`r`s ]F[O@B
0- Qt`em`rt jir Z`ehiel lvribieml jun`r, :; J`r vl =;; fAml trjiel dirblhtlmir. Hfemleslrj`s ea ;.: J`r foup, hfemleslri mfybu s v fo`r`h tlrh ltblhtlmir. ]rjie vl pfbp`y tlrsieir`my`j`tih h`juo lmlrlh8
`- ]b efht`o`r e j`s e, s a`ho h vl let`opi ml lrolriei,j- lvribie elt s s iol elt i iei,a- Is o vlrib vl A`reft vlribiei nls`po`y e z. (:; pu`e)
:- @ h jlsolbl suyu s t a s e e iml`o jir lvribml, s o vlrib zlriel fo`e lthisiei iealolblh`b`a yo`, trjiel :; B[ , 7;; fAml dirblhtl foup yf uturuau j`s ea 0; h[`m r. Is o vlribi8`- Jlsolbl suyu s t a s huoo`e ob`m`e,j- 0B[` i olb j`s ea em` 0 `mlt ` h jlsolbl suyu s t a s huoo`e ob`s murubuem` nls`po`y e z.(1; pu`e)
1- @ m`hi tlblo h`vr`bo`r h s`a` ` ho`y e z. ` - [istfeou bftfro`rm` s h t rb` fr`e j - hi z`b`eo vl mrt z`b`eo bftfro`r e vlrib ` s em`e h`r o t r ob`s a - ml`o fttf lvribieie n`o ml iibolrim - Bftfro`rm` vuruetul - Jun`ro d lvribolrieml rlclelr`syfe i olbi
g - Huoo`e
o`jioiroih vl ]lrsieblzoih (1; pu`e)
=- Qu jun`r `my`j`tih jir trjiel 7 B[` j`s e, 7;; fA s a`ho h vl >; b/s n zo` dirblhtl,
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Aubnuriylt eivlrsitlsiB`hie` Bnlemisoi i Job]lrbfmie`bih II Gie`o Q e`v Qfruo`r
rleaieie, 0 =@m :Qfy`m 1Eub`r`s ]F[O@B
0- `)Efht` [ ] x n s zlooih
0 :;.; =;; - 1:=4.7 4.0:40: ;.: 7;.;7 ;.>>97 :1=9.1 4.0:40 s : 2s 0 1 ;.: 7;.;7 ;.; :1:;= :;.; 7;.7 - :1:; s =2s 1
= 1 1 = 1( ) :9>.1 / :.; / >97.1 /elt
elt
q n n hc hd q n n hc hd q hc hd
w n n hc hd w n n hc hd w hc hd
2 2 2 2 22 2 2 2 2
a- >97.1 :41.0< 7;.;7;.:99 0 0 ;. :;.: :0:.; /
7. ;.7=91 4.;7=
090.>1 ;.4>;7= :19:.> :;0747:.> ;.9>07 :;0 09:.>;.::14 ;4471 :;( ) ( ) (1
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Aubnuriylt eivlrsitlsiB`hie` Bnlemisoi i Job]lrbfmie`bih II Gie`o Q e`v Qfruo`r
rleaieie, 0 =@m :Qfy`m 1Eub`r`s ]F[O@B
1- @ m`hi tlblo h`vr`bo`r h s`a` ` ho`y e z.` - [istfeou bftfro`rm` s h t rb` fr`e
Qioiemir iiemlhi le jyh n`abie (W b`x ) le hh n`abl (W bie ) fr`e m r.
j - hi z`b`eo vl mrt z`b`eo bftfro`r e vlrib ` s em`e h`r o` t r ob`s hi z`b`eo bftfro`r e vlribi, y`eb` sfeu d`zo`r e e t`b fo`r`h m r `t o`b`b`s vl t`zl
y`h t-n`v` h`r b e e jir jobee y`eb` sfeu d`zo`r e` h`r b`s sljljiyol, mrt z`b`eo bftfro`r e vlribolriemle m htr.a - ml`o fttf lvribieie n`o ml i ibolri
0-: z`etrfpih s ht rb`:-1 lvribl s`jit n`aibml (v2s`jit) s dli i1-= z`etrfpih dlei olbl=-0 lvribmle s`jit n`aibml (v2s`jit) s dli i
m - Bftfro`rm` vuruetu
Y`h t e lrhle vl hlemioi iemle tutu b`s iol muyuo`jiole drotmr.l - Jun`ro d lvribolrieml rlclelr`syfe i olbi
]rjieml dlei olbl lse`s em` jir h s b jun`r e h`z`e jlsolbl suyueu s tb`h `b`a yo`
huoo`e ob`s iolbi fo`r`h ig`ml lmioir. (@r` jun`r `ob` i olbimir)g- Huoo`e o`jioiroih vl ]lrsieblzoih
Jir sistlbmle loml lmioljiolalh le fh i , sistlbie jloiroi jir j` o`ed n`oiemle, tlrsieirn`o mliibiyol lvrleie juouemu u n`ol dltirioblsiyol loml lmioir, ju isl huoo`e o`jioiroih fo`r`h`mo`em r o r. ]lrsieblzoih isl i y`pb` fo`e` em`hi `z`ob`m r.
=-0
0 00
: : ::
: 0
: : : :: 0
717.= / , 4.0744 /
7;;
:.< / , 4.79=4 /0;;
( ) ( )
0=; >;7.7 /
: :;;;:.< 17.= 7.7) (4.79=4 4.0744))
0
7.00
tlr
tlr
tlr
II tlr
ir i T b n n hl pl ] s s
T
T BT
T hieai y`s` vlribi T
2 + 2 + 2
2 2 2
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0. 9< h[` j`s e, :< ; A s a`ho ht`hi ;.07: b 1 n`v` jir sioiemirml :9; h[` j`s ea` h`m`r tlrsieir vlizftlrb fo`r`h s h t r ob`ht`m r. N`v`e e s vl i `o vlri iei vl letrfpi ml iibiei nls`po`y e z.
:. 0;;; h[` j`s e, :
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8/10/2019 Termodinamik - Prof.dr. Ali Pnarba zml Sorular
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0) 2:
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1) Mfybu s v
h[`:.014n
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=47=.;9:0:.7
s
ssx
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gd
g ==
2+2+2
222
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Elt i 8hd/hC04.0004;0.10>.00:;TTT ptelt 222
Dirle s 8hd/hC;4.1;9;>1.0=;9.1:1;nnq :1d 222
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a) ;=.;;0.:7.0QQQ lvrlsistlbtfpo`b 52+2+2 ]fpo`b letrfpieie `rt iohlsiel uydueou uem`e, dlrlhol tirioljioir n`o ml iibi
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Aubnuriylt eivlrsitlsiB`hie` Bnlemisoi i Job
]lrbfmie`bihII Wizl Q e`v Qfru vl Alv`po`r
Eft3 Q e`v srlsi 9; m`hih`m r. J` `r o`rQ`mlal t`b sfeuo`r ml lrolemirblyl o e`a`ht r . Mf.Mr. @oi [IE@ZJ@ I ;0.;:.:;;7
0. 0. 4;;h[` j`s e, 0= b 1 n`abiel dlei olblhtlmir. D`z e letrfpi ml iibiei juoueuz.
:
tr
0
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2 2 2 2
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tr
tr
tr y
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n 4.=1hc / hd s :.14hc / hdH
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I w w :7=.0= ( :>4.:=) :1.;9
2
2 2
2 2
2
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tr II
hc/ hd
w :74.0=;.91 %91
wd :>4.:= 2 2 2 2
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Aubnuriylt eivlrsitlsiB`hie` Bnlemisoi i Job
]lrbfmie`bihII Wizl Q e`v Qfru vl Alv`po`r
Eft3 Q e`v srlsi 9; m`hih`m r. J` `r o`rQ`mlal t`b sfeuo`r ml lrolemirblyl o e`a`ht r . Mf.Mr. @oi [IE@ZJ@ I ;0.;:.:;;7
=. Y`em`hi lhioml jir lvribl `it ]-smiy`dr`b droblhtlmir. (s 1-s : )2;.9 0> 90 0107.07 :>> 41>.:0hc/ hd
w 0>;; 41>.: 0;70.4>c /
2 2 2
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Aubnuriylt eivlrsitlsiB`hie` Bnlemisoi i Job]lrbfmie`bih II Wizl Q e`v Qfruo`r
rleaieie, 0 =@m : mir. Q ht rb` strfhueuej` o`ed a em`hi j`s e ;.0 B[` vl s a`ho h 0< ; Amir. Nlr jir lvrib jfyuea` tr`esglr lmiole s 0>;; hC/hd n`v`m r.
`- lvribie nlr jir i olbi sfeuem`hi j`s e vl s a`ho ,j- Is o vlribi,a- Frt`o`b` lglhtig j`s ea nls`po`y e z. (:< pu`e)
:- @ h jlsolbl suyu s t a s e e iml`o jir lvribml, s o vlrib zlriel fo`e lthisiei iealolblh`b`a yo`, trjiel :; B[`, 7;; fAml dirblhtl foup yf uturuau j`s ea 0; h[`m r. Is o vlribi8`- Jlsolbl suyu s t a s huoo`e ob`m`e,j- 0B[` i olb j`s ea em` 0 `mlt ` h jlsolbl suyu s t a s huoo`e ob`s murubuem` nls`po`y e z.(1; pu`e)
1- Huoo`e o`jioiroih vl ]lrsieblzoih ig`mlolriei ` ho`y e z. (0; pu`e)
=- Letrfpi ml iibieie elmleolriei iz`n lmieiz. (0; pu`e)
; b/s n zo` dirblhtl,
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Aubnuriylt eivlrsitlsiB`hie` Bnlemisoi i Job]lrbfmie`bih II Wizl Q e`v Qfruo`r
rleaieie, 0 =@m : 4 :>>.:;.>:4 /
0;;
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w
2
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0 :
0;04.4 /
0;04.40=;7
;.>:4 ;.0;1=elt
hC hd
wFLJ h[`
v v
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:- `- Jlsolbl suyu s ta s huoo`e ob`m`e 8:
0
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Aubnuriylt eivlrsitlsiB`hie` Bnlemisoi i Job]lrbfmie`bih II Wizl Q e`v Qfruo`r
rleaieie, 0 =@m : 0.; 09:.> /
;.;;00:4(:;;;; 0;;;) :0.= /
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8/10/2019 Termodinamik - Prof.dr. Ali Pnarba zml Sorular
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Aubnuriylt eivlrsitlsiB`hie` Bnlemisoi i Job]lrbfmie`bih II Wizl Q e`v Qfruo`r
rleaieie, 0 =@m : 0< :19:,> :0==,;: /
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Aubnuriylt eivlrsitlsiB`hiel Bnlemisoi i Job
]lrbfmie`bih II Wizl Q e`v sfruo`r rleaieie, 0 =@m , Qfy`m : 4 0
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