TERMINOLOGI

POLA TUBUH HEWAN1. Caput Truncus Cauda Extremitas2. Caput Cervix Truncus Cauda Extremitas3. Caput Cervix Truncus (Thorax Abdomen) Cauda Extremitas

POLA EXTREMITAS1. Hewan tanpa extremitas2. Hewan dengan dua extremitas Extremitas superior Extremitas inferior3. Hewan dengan empat extremitas Extremitas anterior Extremitas posterior

BIDANG KHAYAL Untuk menentukan letak suatu organ diperlukan bidang khayal1. Bidang Transversal Membagi tubuh menjadi anterior/superior dan posterior/inferior2. Bidang median Membagi tubuh menjadi dexter dan sinester3. Bidang Frontal Membagi tubuh menjadi dorsales dan ventrales

PENGGUNAAN ISTILAH1. Akhiran al berarti ke arah Contoh: Dorsal, Ventral2. Akhiran es atau is berarti di daerah Contoh: Dorsalis, Ventralis 3. Akhiran i biasanya berarti jamak Contoh: Musculus Musculi, Porus Pori

TERMINOLOGY OF ANATOMY

To be clear and accurate with descriptions of body parts, we have to use terms that leave no doubt as to their meaning. Terms such as up, down, above below, and beside are not very useful because they depend on the orientation of the animal (upright, on its side, on its back, etc.). If an animal is lying on its left side, is its right lung above its left lung or beside it ? If the animal stands up, what is the relationship between the lungs then?

Basic anatomical terminology is based on imaginary slices, called planes, through the animal body that can be used as points or areas of reference and on sets of directional terms that have opposite meanings from each other.

There are four anatomical planes of reference, two of which are variations of each other. Each plane is an imaginary slice through the body that is oriented at right angles to the other two.

THE FOUR REFERENCE PLANES

1. Sagittal plane: A plane that runs the length of the body and divides it into left and right parts that are not necessarily equal halves.2. Median plane: A special kind of sagittal plane that runs down the center of the body length wise and divides it into equal left and right halves. It is also known as a mid sagittal plane3. Transverse plane: A plane as the body that divides it into cranial (head-end) and caudal (tail-end) parts that are not necessarily equal.4. Dorsal plane: A plane at right angles to the sagittal and Transverse planes. It divides the body into dorsal (toward the back) and ventral (toward the belly) parts that are not necessarily equal. In humans this plane is called the frontal plane

If we learn terminology we have to know1. The name of the organ2. The position3. The direction Base on that above we can know the terminology.For example : The name of organ is cranium so the term base on the position is cranialis, its mean the position of the object is at cranium area. The term base on the direction is cranial, its mean the direction of the object is toward the cranium DirectionAnimalHumanIndonesian

Indiduals leftSinestralsinestralke arah kiri

Individuals rightdextraldextralke arah kanan

Toward the headcranialsuperiorke arah kepala

Toward the tailcaudalinferiorke arah ekor

Toward the backdorsalposteriorke arah punggung

Toward the bellyventralanteriorke arah perut

Toward the centre of the bodyInternalInternalke arah dalam

DirectionAnimalHuman Indonesian

Toward the median planemedialmedialke arah tengah

Away the median planelaterallateralke arah samping

Toward the tip of the noserostralnasalke arah hidung

Toward the surface of the bodysuperficialsuperficialke arah permukaan

Toward the body extremityproximalproximalke arah dekat

Away from the body extremitydistaldistalke arah jauh

TERMINOLOGY OF ORGANOrganAnatomic termIndonesian term

headcaputkepala

eyeOrgana visusmata

earOrgana auditustelinga

mouthOrismulut

Toungelingualidah

Toothdentisgigi

neckcervixleher

OrganAnatomic termIndonesian term

cestthoraxdada

breastGlandula mammaepayudara

Stomach / bellyventerperut

handExtremitas superiorlengan

footExtremitas inferiorkaki

kneepatelalutut