tenses virender
TRANSCRIPT
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TENSES
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Topic Overview
Introduction
Types of Time
Types of Tenses
Uses
Subject verb agreement for present perfect
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WHAT ARE TENSES ?
Tenses refers to a change in the verb
to reflect a change in time
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TYPES OF TIME
PRESENTPAST FUTURE
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TENSES ARE OF 4 TYPES
Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect continuous
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SIMPLE PRESENTThis tense is used to describe actions which take
place in the present. But no definite time is given.
SUB + V1 (s/es)
Examples :
Suresh writes neatly.
Mona plays football.
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PRESENT CONTINUOUSThis tense describes actions which continue or go on for some
time in the present
SUB + IS/AM/ARE + V1 + ING
Examples :
I am teaching grammar.
We are studying tenses.
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SIMPLE PAST
Examples:
Hi Rahul . Where were you yesterday?
Iwent to my village.
Did you enjoy ?
Oh ! Ienjoyed so much that Ididnt want to return.
Simple past tense describes an action that took place at atime in the past.
SUB + V2
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PAST CONTINUOUS
This tense describes actions which continued or were going on
for some time in the past.
SUB + WAS / WERE + V1 + ING
Examples :
C
hildren were playing in the park yesterday.
I was sleeping when you called.
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PRESENT PERFECTThis tense is used for actions which start and finish in thepresent time.
SUB + HA
S / HA
VE + V3
It is used in the following circumstances:
When an action is completed in the near present or just now.
When an action started earlier and continued up till the momentof speaking.
When an action happened earlier but its effect is there in thepresent.
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Present Perfect ContinuousThis tense is used for actions which started earlier and are
going on in the present. (no information is given about when
they will finish)
SUB + HAS / HAVE + V1 + ING
Examples :
I have been playing for two hours.
James has been teaching at the university since June.
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Past perfectThis tense is used for actions that finished in the past ,but
even before another action in past only.
SUB + HAD + V3
Example :
I had solved the sum when the class began.
sum solved class began now
_____|_________________|____________|
10 a.m. 10:30 a.m. 11 a.m.past in past past present
< - time line - >
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Past perfect continuousThis tense is used to describe actions that started at a time in
the past and continued for sometime in the past only.
SUB + HAD + BEEN + V1 + ING
Examples :
I had been working for ten hours before leaving the office.
They had been talking for over an hour.
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Simple Future
Simple future describes an action which will take place at a time inthe future.
SUB + WILL/SHA
LL + V1
Examples :
I shall play in the evening. (intention)
Brazil will win the match. (prediction)
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Future Continuous
This tense is used to describe actions which continue for some
time in the future.
SUB + WILL / SHALL + BE + V1 + ING
Examples :
Ishall be packing for the journey later.
Mridul will be coming home in the evening.
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Future Perfect
This tense is used for actions which will finish by a certain time
in future.
SUB + WILL / SHALL +HAVE + V3
Examples :
I shall have finished the painting by Wednesday.
By next November, Iwill have received my promotion.
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Future perfect continuousThis tense is used when before a particular time in the future,
an action starts and continues after that time also.
SUB + WILL / SHALL + HAVE + BEEN + V1 + ING
Example:
You will have been waiting for more than two hours when herplane finally arrives.
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USE OF PAST CONTINUOUS
Past continuous is also used to describe a time period withinwhich an action took place.
was/were + v1+ing
Examples:
Ramesh was studying when Rohan returned.
You were studying when she called.
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Simple Future Tense
Simple future describes an action which will take place in future.
will + v1
Examples :
I will bake a cake in the evening.
I shall study on Sunday.
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Future continuous is used when an action is described in relation toa future time around which that action will be going on.
will be + v1 + ing
Examples :
When you return, Iwill be baking a cake.
Dont come on Sunday as I shall be studying.
Continuous future tense
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When there are two actions, both in past, then past perfect tense
is used to describe the action which took place first and simple
past tense is used to describe the action which took place later.
had + v1 + d/ed
Example :
John had cooked (past perfect) the meal whenthe guests
arrived(simple past).
Use of past perfect
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Difference between since and for
Uses of SINCESince is used when we know only the point in time when the
action began.
Examples:
Morning , Monday, 1997 etc.
It shows the time when the action began.
Example :
I have been studying since morning.
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Uses of FORFor is used when we know the point when the action began and
the period for which it continued
Examples:
Two hours, 10 days, century
It answers the following question
For how much time did the action continue ?Example:
I have been studying for five days.
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UBJECT-VERB AGREMENT FOR SIMPLE PRESENT
PERSON SINGULAR PLURAL
1st person
(the person speaking) verbI play
verbWe play
2nd person
(the person spoken to)verb
You play
verb
You play3rd person
(the person spoken to)Verb + s/esHe/she/ it/ name plays
Bare verb
They play
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SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT FOR PRESENT CONTINUOUS
PERSON VERB
1st person
I / we
Am + verb + ing
Am painting2nd person
You
Are + verb + ing
Are
3rd
personHe/she/ it/ they/ name
Is/are + verb +ingHe/she/it/name is
painting.
They are painting.
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SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT FOR PAST CONTINUOUS
Person Singular Plural
1st I was We were
2nd You were You were
3rd He/she/it/
name was
They were
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SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT FOR PRESENT PERFECT
PERSON SINGULAR PLURAL
1ST I have We have
2nd You have You have
3rd He/she/it/
name has
They have
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Thanks...