PRESENT TENSE1. Simple Present : Regular Activity2. Present Continuous : Activity at the time of

speaking3. Present Perfect : Focus on Action4. Present Perfect Continuous : Focus on

Duration

ADVERB OF TIME1. Frequency : never, seldom,

sometime, often, usually, always2. Habitual : every ……, once a

……, twice a ……, three times a ……

Simple Present

Function : 1. Routine activity

Echo usually gets up early in the morning.

2. HabitualMerry practices English speaking twice a week.

3. General truthSun rises from the East.

Formula : S + V1s/es + O is, am, are

4. Physical lawWater boils at 100⁰C.

5. SeasonsIndonesia has two seasons.

6. Location (permanent) Monas is located in Central Jakarta.

7. Schedule (fixed)Our school begins at 6.30 am.

Present ContinuousS + is, am, are Ving

Adverb of timeNow, at this moment, at this present time, todayEx. 1. I am teaching you in this class now.2. We are discussing tenses today.

Shhhh! The students are having test today.

Be quiet, please! The baby is sleeping now.

Shut up, please! Whachout! Stop it! Be honest, please!

Acclamation !

- Remember :I am remembering where my key is. (incorrect)I remember where my key is. (correct)

- HaveI am having a new hand phone. (incorrect)I have a new hand phone. (correct)I am having a line. (correct, but different meaning)

- Think - Want - Belong - See - etc

Non action verb

S + have/has v3 + complement Adverb of Time

- since, for, so far, until now, all the time/day, year, already, recently, currently, up to now.

Ex. Echo has already written several articles. The demonstrators have demanded the increase of salary so far.

Present Perfect: focus on activity

Formula: S + have/has been + Ving. Ex, I have been waiting for your coming for

one hour.

Present Perfect Cont. : focus on duration

Determine whether the sentence correct or not

1. Echi often sends email to me. 2. Jean is not here now. 3. Peter study English with Mr. Ari this year. 4. We have been discussing tenses for two

weeks.

Exercise

Simple Past : single activity in the past.Past Continuous : the activity was going on

when other activity happened.Past Perfect : the activity began when other

activity had finished Past Perfect Continuous : the activity

happened when other activity had been going on

Past Tense

S + V2 + Complement

was/were o/adj/adv of timeAdverb of time Yesterday, last ……, …… ago, this morning,

in 2005, in January 2012Ex,

Merry uploaded a file in her blog last night. Sausan took breakfast with fish this morning. Soeharto gave up from government in 1998.

Simple Past

S + was/were + Ving + Adv.

Arrangement : Simple Past VS Past ContinuousThey happened at the same time

Two sentences connected by when or whileWhen + simple past, past continuousPast continuous + when + simple past

While + past continuous + simple pastSimple past + while + past continuousPast continuous + while + past continuous

Past Continuous

I was watching OVJ when Mr. Jack called me last night.

Romeo knocked my door while I was finishing my assignments.

Example

Past Perfect VS Simple PastAdv of time: since, for, last….., ….ago, yesterday, last

night, this morning.Past perfect + when + simple past

beforeWhen simple past , past perfect.Before Simple past + after + past perfect. After + past perfect + simple pastEx. I had taken a bath when I went to school this morning.

Past Perfect: S + had V3 + comp

S + had been + Ving + complement.

Past perfect cont. VS Simple past. Still on when began

beforeAlso: since, for When I arrived on the spot my friend had

been riding motorcycle for one hour last week.

Past perfect Continuous

Future Tense atau Simple Future digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang Akan Terjadi. Future tense adalah tentang Nanti. Sesuatu arti katanya Future yaitu “Masa Depan”. Karena itu dalam Future Tense penggunaan kata Will, Shall yang artinya akan pastilah mendominasi.

The activity is done after speaking

Future Time

1. Simple Future : single activity which happens in the future.

2. Future Continuous : the activity which is going on in the future time

3. Future Perfect : the activity which will have happened by the time other activity happens

4. Future Perfect Continuous : the activity which will have been going on by the time other activity happens

Future is classified into four :

S + Will/Shall + V1 + Complement.

be going to be

They, We, I, You, She, He, It + willWe & I + shallAdv of time : next ……, tomorrow …, this year,

etcEx. Echo will come to my house next month. Mr. Jack and I shall complete S2 Program this

year.

Simple Future

S + will/shall + be + Ving + complement.

Adv of time : this time tomorrow, today next week,, this week next month, at 6.00 pm tonight, etc.

Ex. The principle will be giving speech at 7.00 am

tomorrow. Some students and I shall be discussing

English speech contest this time tomorrow.

Future Continuous

S + will/shall + have + V3 + complement. Adverb of time

- by 7.00 pm tomorrow- by next week- when/before, after + simple present

Ex. Every student will have joined university

entrance test by next June. Merry will have graduated from UGM when

his father retires.

Future Perfect

S + will/shall have been + Ving + complement.

Adv of time : - for five days tomorrow- for two months next week

I will have been working here for ten years next week.

We will have been studying in UI for two years when my brother graduates from UNPAD.

Future Perfect Continuous

Fish Mice Teeth Feet

Uncountable Noun

S + COULD + HAVE + V3 S + MAY + HAVE + V3 S + MIGHT + HAVE + V3 S + MUST + HAVE + V3 S + SHOULD + HAVE + V3 S + SHOULD not + HAVE + V3 S +  WILL + HAVE + V3

MODAL+ PERFECT TENSE:FORMS :

We had a chance / an ability to do an activity     We had a chance / an ability to do an activity  in the past but he / she didn’t do it because of a certain reason.

Why didn’t Tom apply for the job? He could have gotten it.

Why did you stay at a hotel in Jakarta?  You could have stayed with your uncle.

S + COULD + HAVE + V3

To say what was possible in the pastA: I wonder why Ann didn’t answer the

doorbell.B : Well, I suppose she may have been

asleep.

A: Why didn’t he say hello when he passed us on street.

B :  He might have been day dreaming.

S + MAY / Might + HAVE + V3

We use this form to say that someone did the wrong thing.

A: The party was great. You should have come. Why didn’t you?

B: I feel sick I should not have eaten so much chocolate.

S + Should + have + V3

This form is used to make deduction / conclusion

A :  They quarreled quite often and whenever they quarreled they threw plates at each other.  

B : They must have broken a lot of plates.

A: A lot of his students didn’t pass the English test yesterday.

B: The test must have been difficult.

S + MUST + HAVE + V3

I started teaching in this school in  December last year. So by the end of this year I will have been teaching in this school for 1 year.

I visit Bali every year.  I always visit it in December.

I started visit Bali 5 years ago. So by the end of this year I will have visited Bali 6 times.

S + WILL + HAVE + V3 WILL + HAVE + BEEN + V1 ing