tense ( the soul of english language)

(The soul of English Language) Prepared by: Md. Meherab Hossen.

Cell: +8801726-072409. E-mail/face book/Skype/twitter:

[email protected]

LEARN ENGLISH, GET THE WORLD OPENED.

BY: MD. MEHERAB HOSSEN. NORTH SOUTH UNIVERSITY. DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH. CELL: 01726-07 24 09. BY: MD. MEHERAB HOSSEN. NORTH SOUTH UNIVERSITY. DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH. CELL: 01726-07 24 09.

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1. We learn English.

2. We dont learn English.

3. Do we learn English?

4. Dont we learn English?

5. We are learning English.

6. We arent learning English.

7. Are we learning English?

8. Arent we learning English?

9. We have learned English.

10. We havent learned English.

11. Have we learned English?

12. Havent we learned English?

13. We have been learning English for two months.

14. We havent been learning English for two months.

15. Have we been learning English for two months?

16. Havent we been learning English for two months?

17. We learned English.

18. We didnt learn English.

19. Did we learn English?

20. Didnt we learn English?

21. We were learning English.

22. We werent learning English.

23. Were we learning English?

24. Werent we learning English?

25. We had learned English before we went to London.

26. We hadnt learned English before we went to London.

27. Had we learned English before we went to London?

28. Hadnt we learned English before we went to London?

29. We had been learning English before we went to London.

30. We hadnt been learning English before we went to London.

31. Had we been learning English before we went to London?

32. Hadnt we been learning English before we went to London?

33. We shall learn English.

34. We shant learn English

35. Shall we shall learn English?

36. Shant we learn English?

37. We shall be learning English

38. We shant be learning English

39. Shall we be learning English?

40. Shant we be learning English?

41. We shall have learned English.

42. We shant have learned English

43. Shall we have learned English?

44. Shant we have learned English?

45. We shall have been learning English for two months.

46. We shant have been learning English for two months.

47. Shall we have been learning English for two months?

48. Shant we have been learning English for two months?

1. Avgiv BsiRx wkwL|

2. Avgiv BsiRx wkwL bv|

3. Avgiv wK BsiRx wkwL?

4. Avgiv wK BsiRx wkwL bv?

5. Avgiv BsiRx wkLwQ|

6. Avgiv BsiRx wkLwQ bv|

7. Avgiv wK BsiRx wkLwQ?

8. Avgiv wK BsiRx wkLwQ bv?

9. Avgiv BsiRx wkLwQ|

10. Avgiv BsiRx wkwLwb|

11. Avgiv wK BsiRx wkLwQ?

12. Avgiv wK BsiRx wkwLwb?

13. `yB gvm ai Avgiv BsiRx wkLwQ|

14. `yB gvm ai Avgiv BsiRx wkLwQ bv|

15. `yB gvm ai Avgiv wK BsiRx wkLwQ?

16. `yB gvm ai Avgiv wK BsiRx wkLwQ bv ?

17. Avgiv BsiRx wkLwQjvg|

18. Avgiv BsiRx wkLwQjv bv/ wkwLwb|

19. Avgiv wK BsiRx wkLwQjvg?

20. Avgiv wK BsiRx wkLwQjvg bv?

21. Avgiv BsiRx wkLwQjvg |

22. Avgiv BsiRx wkLwQjvg bv|

23. Avgiv wK BsiRx wkLwQjvg?

24. Avgiv wK BsiRx wkLwQjvg bv?

25. jb hvevi c~e Avgiv BsiRx wkLwQjvg

26. jb hvevi c~e Avgiv BsiRx wkLwQjvg bv/ wkwLwb|

27. jb hvevi c~e Avgiv wK BsiRx wkLwQjvg ?

28. jb hvevi c~e Avgiv wK BsiRx wkLwQjvg bv/ wkwLwb ?

29. `yB gvm ai Avgiv BsiRx wkLwQjvg|

30. `yB gvm ai Avgiv BsiRx wkLwQjvg bv|

31. `yB gvm ai Avgiv wK BsiRx wkLwQjvg ?

32. `yB gvm gvm ai Avgiv wK BsiRx wkLwQ bv ?

33. Avgiv BsiRx wkLe|

34. Avgiv BsiRx wkLe bv|

35. Avgiv wK BsiRx wkLe?

36. Avgiv wK BsiRx wkLe bv?

37. Avgiv BsiRx wkLZ _vKe|

38. Avgiv BsiRx wkLZ _vKe bv|

39. Avgiv wK BsiRx wkLZ _vKe ?

40. Avgiv wK BsiRx wkLZ _vKe bv ?

41. Avgiv BsiRx wkL _vKe|

42. Avgiv BsiRx wkL _vKe| bv|

43. Avgiv wK BsiRx wkL _vKe?

44. Avgiv wK BsiRx wkL _vKe bv?

45. `yB gvm ai Avgiv BsiRx wkLZ _vKe|

46. `yB gvm ai Avgiv BsiRx wkLZ _vKe bv|

47. `yB gvm ai Avgiv wK BsiRx wkLZ _vKe ?

48. `yB gvm ai Avgiv wK BsiRx wkLZ _vKe bv?

A SINGLE SENTENCE IN 48 EXPRESSIONS.


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Present Indefinite Tense :Subject+V1+Object+ extension. Present Continuous Tense : Subject +am/is/are+ V4 +Object+ext. Present Perfect Tense : Subject+have /has+V3+Object+ext. Present Perfect Continuous Tense : Subject+ have been /has been+

V4+Object+for/since+time+ext Past Indefinite Tense : Subject+V2+Object+ext. Past Continuous Tense : Subject+ was/were v4+Object+ext. Past Perfect Tense : Subject+had+V3+Object+ext. Past Prefect Continuous Tense : Subject+ had been+V4+Object+

for/since+time+ext. Future Indefinite Tense : Subject+shall / will+V1+Object+ext. Future Continuous Tense : Subject+shall be/ will be V4+Object+ext. Future Perfect Tense : Subject+shall have/ will

have+V3+Object+ext. Future Prefect Continuous Tense : Subject+ shall have been/will have been+

V4+Object+for/since+time+ext.

Verb to be : Am/ is /are/was/ were :

Present Tense Past Tense Future Tense

Am/is/are was/were shall be/ will be

Am to/is to/are to was to/ were to Am to/is to/are to

Verb to have Have /has/ had :

Present Tense

Past Tense Future Tense

Have/ has had shall have/ will have

Have to/ has to had to shall have to/will have to

STRUCTURAL DIFFERENTIATION BASED ON TENSE


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Tense-(mgq/Kvj)

Definition : Verb ev wqv msNwUZ nIqvi mgqK Tense ej | Example: 1. Avwg we`vjq hvB| - I go to school. (Present Tense -eZgvb mgq)

2. Avwg we`vjq wMqwQjvg|- I went to school. (Past Tense - AZxZ mgq)

3. Avwg we`vjq hve| - I will go to school. (Future Tense fwelr mgq) Tense cavbZ wZb cKvi| h_v t-

1. Present Tense (eZgvb Kvj)

2. Past Tense (AZxZ Kvj)

3. Future Tense (fwelr Kvj)

cZK Tense -K Avevi PviwU fvM fvM Kiv hvq| h_v:- 1. Indefinite (mvaviY)

2. Continuous (Pjgvb)

3. Perfect (cyivNwUZ)

4. Prefect Continuous (cyivNUgvb)

PRESENT TENSE

Definition : Verb Gi KvR eZgvb mgq nq ev nQ Gic eySvj ZvK Present Tense ej| Exp: 1) Avwg eB cwo| I read a book. 2) RvK LjQ|-Jack is playing.

Present Tense

Present Indefinite Present Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfet Continuous

(mvaviY eZgvb) (Pjgvb eZgvb) (cyivNwUZ eZgvb) (cyivNUgvb eZgvb)

A. PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE ( mvaviY eZgvb Kvj):

Definition: Verb Gi KvR eZ gvb mvaviY fve msNwUZ nq Gic evSvj ZvK Present Indefinite

Tense ej|

Exp: Avwg GKwU Qwe AvuwK| - I draw a picture . Bengali verb symbol: evsj wqv wP t (B, I, G, b)

Note: AvuwK (B), AvuK (I), AvuK (G), AvuKb (b)

Structures

i) Affirmative: Subject(KZv)Verb1 (wqv)Object (Kg)/ Extension (evKx Ask)

Example: Avwg GKwU Qwe AvuwK| - I draw a picture. Note: Subject 3rd Person singular number nj verb Gi mv_ s ev es hy nq, (He, she, it, this, that ev Kvb wKQyi GKwU bvg evSvj mwU 3rd person singular number)


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But, hme Verb Gi kl eYwU s, sh, ch, x I o _vK mme Verb Gi mv_ es hy nq|

Ab me verb Gi mv_ s hy nq|

Exp: m zj hvq- He goes to school. (go+es)

mv_x wPwV jL- Sathi writes a letter. (write+s) ii) Negative: Subdo not/does notV

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Object/ Ext.

Exp: Avwg GKwU Qwe AvuwK bv| - I do not draw a picture ?

Note: Subject 3rd person singular number nj does not em| Ges verb mv_ s ev es em bv|

Ges Ab me Subject Gi "do not"

Exp: 1) m Qwe AvuK bv|

-He does not draw a picture.

2) Zviv cwikg Ki bv| -They do not work hard. iii) Interrogative: Do/DoesSubV

1

Obj/Ext?

Exp: Avwg wK GKwU Qwe AvuwK? Do I draw a picture?

iv)Interrogative+Negative: Dont/DoesntSubV1

Obj /Ext. ?

Exp: Avwg wK GKwU Qwe AvuwK bv? - Dont I draw a picture ?

Note: Interrogative+Negative- Gi "Not" noun Gi AvM Ges Pronoun Gi ci eeZ nq|

Exp: 1) kvwKj wK wMUvi evRve bv ? Will not Shakil play the guitar? Noun

2) AvwK wK ZvgvK mvnvh Kwiwb? Didn I not help you? Pronoun

# Ze Interrogative + Negative form- G "Auxiliary verb (mvnvhKvix wqv ]+ Not" Gi

[ Contracted Negative ] msKzwPZ ic Noun wKsev Pronoun Dfqi c~e eeZ nq|

Exp: 1) kvwKj wK wMUvi evRve bv? Wont Shakil play the guitar? Noun

2) Avwg wK ZvgvK mvnvh Kwiwb? Didnt I help you? Pronoun

"Auxiliary Verb + Not" Gi msKzwPZ ic Negative form- G I eeZ nZ cvi|

Exp: evPvwU Kvu`Q bv | - The baby isnt crying.


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BsiRx fvlvq eeZ gvU 24 wU Auxiliary verb wb `Lvbv nj t

Auxiliary Verb = 24

Verb to be -

Verb to do -

Verb to have -

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Auxiliary Verb + Not Gi msKzwPZ ic t A.V+nt. Ex: Have + nt = Havent

Dci DjwLZ wbqg mejv msKzwPZ nq|

hgbt- Do not= Dont, Must not= Mustnt etc. (Etcetera - BZvw`)

ewZg nj wZbwU , h_v : --

i) Shall not Shant ii) Am not- Aint

iii) Will not Wont

Note: eZgvb "Interrogative + Negative" Sentence Gi msKzwPZ icB g~jZ eeZ nq| ZvB

GLvb cZK Tense -Gi Interrogative + Negative form -Gi Structures I Sentences msKzwPZ

icB DjL Kiv nqQ| ]

B. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE (Pjgvb eZgvb Kvj) :

Definition: Verb Gi KvR eZgvb PjQ Gic evSvj ZvK Present Continuous Tense ej|

Exp: Avwg GKUv Qwe AvuKwQ| - I am drawing a picture. Bengali verb symbol: (wQ, Q, Q, Qb)

Note: AvuKwQ (wQ), AvuKQ (Q), AvKuQ (Q), AvuKQb (Qb)

Structures:

i) Affirmative: Sub am/is/are V4

Obj/Ext.

Exp: Avwg GKUv Qwe AvuKwQ|- I am drawing a picture.

Note: Subject- I Gi am Ges Subject- 3rd person singular number nj is, Avi evwK Subject- Gi

are em| (am-nB/ is-nq, nb/ are-nI, nq|)

Modal A.V.=13 Primary A.V.=11

Must

Prt

Do,does / Did = 3 Present Past

Could

Pst

May

Pnt

Shall

Pnt

Might

Pst

Shall

Pnt

Should

Pnt

Shall

Prt

Should

Pst

Would

Pst

Ought to

Prt

Used To

Pst

Need

Prt

Dare

Prt

Can

Pnt

Might

Pst

Can

Pnt

Will

Prt

Can

Prt

Could

Pst

May

Prt

Have,Has / Had = 3 Present Past

Am, Is,Are / Was,Were = 5 Present Past


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ii) Negative: Sub am not/is not/are not V4

Obj / Ext.

Exp: Avwg GKUv Qwe AvuKwQ bv|- I am not drawing a picture. iii) Interrogative: Am/Is/Are Sub V

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+ing Obj / Ext. ?

Exp: Avwg wK GKUv Qwe AvuKwQ?- Am I drawing a picture?

iv) Interrogative + Negative: Aint/Isnt/Arent Sub V4

Obj ?

Exp: Avwg wK GKUv Qwe AvuKwQ bv?- Aint I drawing a picture?

C. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (cyivNwUZ eZgvb Kvj )|

Definition: Verb Gi KvR GB gv kl nqQ wK Gi djvdj GLbI eZgvb AvQ Gic evSvj ZvK

Present Perfect Tense ej|

Exp: Avwg GKwU Qwe GuKwQ|- I have drawn a picture.

Bengali verb symbol: (wQ, Q, Q, Qb)

Note: GuKwQ (wQ), GuKQ (Q), GuKQ (wQ), GuKQb (Qb)

Structures:

i) Affirmative: Sub have/has V3

Obj.

Exp: Avwg GKwU Qwe GuKwQ| - I have drawn a picture.

Note: Subject 3rd person singular number nj has Ab me Sub Gi have.

ii) Negative: Sub have not / has not V3

Obj.

Exp: Avwg GKwU Qwe AvwKwb|- I have not drawn a picture.

iii) Interrogative: Have/Has Sub V3

Obj ?

Exp: Avwg wK GKwU Qwe GuKwQ ?- Have I drawn a picture?

iv) Interrogative + Negative: Havent / Hasnt Sub V3

obj ?.

Exp: Avwg wK GKwU Qwe AvwKwb? - Havent I drawn a picture?

D. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE (cyivNUgvb eZgvb Kvj):

Definition: Verb -Gi KvR eZgvb wKQy mgq ai PjQ evSvj ZvK Present Perfect Continuous

Tense ej|

Exp: Avwg 1 NUv ai GKwU Qwe AvuKwQ| - I have been drawing a picture for an hour.

Bengali verb symbol: wQ, Q, Q, Qb|

Note: AvuKwQ (wQ), AvuKQ (Q), AvuKQ (Q), AvuKQb (Qb)


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Note: evsjv wqv wP Present continuous Gi Abyic njI Present Continuous I Present

Perfect Continuous Gi ga g~j cv_K nj Continuous Tense G Verb Gi KvR Pjvi mgq DjL _vK bv,

wK Perfect Continuous -G mgq DjL _vK|

Exp: 1) Avwg wjLwQ | (Pjgvb eZgvb)- I am writing. (Present Continuous)

2) Avwg mKvj _K wjLwQ| (cyivNUgvb eZgvb) - I have been writing since morning.(Present Perfect

Continuous)

[ gyjZ me Tense Gi Continuous Ges Perfect Continuous ga cavb cv_K wqv wP bq eis

Continuous G mgqi DjL _vK bv| wK Perfect Continuous G mgq DjL _vK|]

Structures:

i) Affirmative: Sub have been / has been V4

Obj for/since

+ time+ Ext.

Note: (nZ, _K Gi - since, Ges ai ev hver Gi For em ) A_vr mgq (1Uv, 2Uv, 4Uv etc), ejv

(mKvj ejv, mv ejv, etc), evi (kwbevi, Sunday etc.) gvm ( ekvL, Rvbyqvwi etc), mb (1998, 2010 etc.) Gi

c~e Since Ges Ab me For em|

Exp: i) Avwg 1 NUv ai GKwU Qwe AvuKwQ|- I have been drawing a picture for an hour.

ii) Avwe` 2003 _K GLvb _vKQ| - Abid has been living here since 2003. ii) Negative: Sub have not been / has not been V

4

obj

for/since time.

Exp: Avwg 1 NUv ai GKwU Qwe AvuKwQ bv|- I have not been drawing a picture for a hour.

iii) Interrogative: Have / Has sub been V4

Obj Ext.

for/since time ?

Exp: Avwg wK GK NUv ai GKwU Qwe AvuKwQ?- Have I been drawing a picture for an hour ? iv) Interrogative + Negative: Havent / Hasnt sub been V

4

obj for since time ?

Exp: Avwg wK 1 NUv ai GKwU Qwe AvuKwQ bv?- Havent I been drawing a picture for an hour?

PAST TENSE

Definition: Verb Gi KvR AZxZ mgq nqwQj ev nwQj hvi djvdj eZgvb bB Gic eySvj ZvK Past

Tense ej| Exp: Avwg eB cowQjvg| - I read a book.

Past Tense

Past Indefinite Past Continuous Past Perfect Past Prefect Continuous


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(mvaviY AZxZ) (Pjgvb AZxZ) (cyivNwUZ AZxZ) (cyivNUgvb AZxZ)

A. PAST INDEFINITE TENSE (mvaviY AZxZ Kvj) :

Definition: Verb Gi KvR AZxZ msNwUZ nqwQj Ges Gi dj GLb Avi eZgvb bB Gic evSvj ZvK Past

Indefinite Tense ej|

Exp: Avwg GKwU Qwe GuKwQjvg| - I drew a picture.

Bengali verb symbol: wQjvg, wQj, wQj, wQjb|

Note: GuKwQjvg (wQjvg), GuKwQj (wQj), GuKwQj (wQj), GuKwQjb (wQjb)|

Structures:

i) Affirmative: Sub V2

Obj / Ext.

Exp: Avwg GKwU Qwe GuK wQjvg|- I drew a picture

ii) Negative: Sub did not V1

obj /Ext

Exp: Avwg GKwU Qwe AvuwKwb|- I did not draw a picture.

iii) Interrogative: Did Sub V1

obj/ Ext ?

Exp: Avwg wK GKwU Qwe GuKwQjvg?- Did I draw a picture?

iv) Interrogative + Negative: Didnt Sub V1

Obj/Ext. ?

Exp: Avwg wK GKwU Qwe AvuwKwb?- Didnt I draw a picture?

B. Past Continuous Tense (Pjgvb AZxZ Kvj) :

Definition: Verb Gi KvR AZxZ PjwQj Gic evSvj ZvK Past Continuous Tense ej|

Exp: Avwg GKUv Qwe AvuKwQjvg| - I was drawing a picture.

Bengali verb symbol : wQjvg, wQj, wQjb

Note: AvuKwQjvg (wQjvg), AvuKwQj (wQj), AvuKwQjb (wQjb)|

Structures:

i) Affirmative: Sub was/were V4

obj/Ext.

Exp: Avwg GKUv Qwe AvKuwQjvg| - I was drawing a picture. 0 ii) Negative: Sub was not / were not V

4

obj/ext.

Exp: Avwg GKUv Qwe AvuKwQjvg bv| - I was not drawing a picture.

iii) Interrogative: Was / Were sub V4

obj/ext. ?

Exp: Avwg wK GKUv Qwe AvuKwQjvg? - Was I drawing a picture?

iv) Interrogative + Negative: Wasnt/ Werent sub V4

Obj/ext ?

Exp: Avwg wK GKUv Qwe AvuKwQjvg bv? - Wasnt I drawing a picture?


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C. PAST PERFECT TENSE (cyivNwUZ AZxZ Kvj):

Definition: AZxZ msNwUZ ywU KvRi ga AcvKZ c~ei msNwUZ KvRwU Past Perfect Tense nq|

Ges ci msNwUZ KvRwU Past Indefinite Tense nq|

Exp: Zzwg Avmvi (mvaviY AZxZ) c~e Avwg QwewU GKuwQjvg (cyivNwUZ AZxZ)|

-I had drawn a picture (Past Perfect) before you came (Past Indefinite).

Bengali verb symbol: wQj, wQj, wQjvg, wQjb,

Note: GuKwQjvg (wQjvg), GuKwQj (wQj), GuKwQj (wQj), GuKwQjb (wQjb)|

Structures

i) Affirmative: Sub had V3

obj.

Exp: Zzwg Avmvi c~e Avwg Qwe GuKwQjvg|- I had drawn a picture before you came.

ii) Negative: Sub had not V3

Obj.

Exp: Zzwg Avmvi c~e Avwg Qwe AvuwKwb||- I had not drawn a picture before you came.

iii) Interrogative: Had Sub V3

Obj ?

Exp: Zzwg Avmvi c~e Avwg wK Qwe GuKwQjvg?- Had I drawn a picture before you came?

iv) Interrogative + Negative: Hadnt Sub V3

Obj ?

Exp: Zzwg Avmvi c~e Avwg wK Qwe AvuwKwb?- Hadnt I drawn a picture before you came?

Note: Before Gi c~e Ges After Gi ci Past Perfect Tense eeZ nq|

Exp: Zzwg Avmvi ci (cyivNwUZ AZxZ) Avwg QwewU GKwQjvg (mvaviY AZxZ)|

-I drew a picture (Past Indefinite) after you had come (Past Perfect)

D. Past Perfect Continuous Tense (cyivNUgvb AZxZ Kvj) :

Definition: Verb Gi KvR AZxZ wKQy mgq ai PjwQj Gic evSvj ZvK Past Perfect Continuous

Tense ej|

Exp: Avwg 1 NUv ai Qwe AvuKwQjvg|- I had been drawing a picture for an hour.

Or,Definition : AZxZ msNwUZ ywU KvRi ga AcvKZ c~e msNwUZ KvRwU wKQy mgq ai PjwQj Gic evSvj

Past Perfect Continuous Tense nq|

Exp: Zzwg Avmvi c~e Avwg 1 NUv ai Qwe AvuKwQjvg|

I had been drawing a picture for an hour before you came. Bengali verb symbol: wQjvg, wQj, wQj, wQjb

Note: AvuKwQjvg (wQjvg), AvuKwQj (wQj), AvuKwQj (wQj), AvuKwQjb (wQjb)

Structures:

i) Affirmative: Sub had been V4

obj for/ since time ext.

Exp: Avwg GKNUv ai GKwU Qwe AvKuwQjvg|-


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I had been drawing a picture for an hour.

ii) Negative: Subhad not been V4 obj for/ since time ext.

Exp: Avwg GKNUv ai GKwU Qwe AvKuwQjvg bv|

I had not been drawing a picture for an hour.

iii) Interrogative: Had Sub been V4 obj for/ since time

ext.

Exp: Avwg wK GKNUv ai GKwU Qwe AvKuwQjvg|

Had I been drawing a picture for an hour.

iv) Interrogative + Negative: Hadnt Sub been V4

obj for/

since time ext ?

Exp: Avwg wK GKNUv ai GKwU Qwe AvKuwQjvg bv?-

Hadnt I been drawing a picture for an hour?

FUTURE TENSE

Definition: Verb Gi KvR fwelr mgq ne ev nZ _vKe Gic eySvj ZvK Future Tense ej|

Exp: Avwg eB coe| - I shall read a book.

Future Tense

Future Indefinite Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Prefect Continuous

(mvaviY fwelr) (Pjgvb fwelr) (cyivNwUZ fwelr) (cyivNUgvb fwelr)

A. FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE (mvaviY fwelr Kvj) :

Definition: Verb Gi KvR fwelZ msNwUZ ne Gic evSvj ZvK Future Indefinite Tense ej|

Exp: Avwg GKwU Qwe AvuKe|- I shall draw a picture.

Bengali verb symbol: e, e, eb

Note: AvKue (e), AvuKe (e), AvuKeb (eb)

Structures:

i) Affirmative: Sub shall / will V1

obj/ ext.

Exp: Avwg GKwU Qwe AvuKe|- I shall draw a picture.

Note: 1s t person -G shall Abme will eeZ nq|

Exp: i) Avgiv NiwU cwivi Kie|- We shall clean the house.

ii) Abe KjR hve| - Arnob will go to college.

ii) Negative: Sub shall not / will not V1

obj / Ext.

Exp: Avwg GKwU Qwe AvuKe bv|- I shall not draw a picture.

iii) Interrogative: Shall/Will sub V1

obj/Ext. ?

Exp: Avwg wK GKwU Qwe AvuKe?- Shall I draw a picture?


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iv) Interrogative + Negative: Shant/Wont sub V1

obj/Ext. ?

Exp: Avwg wK GKwU Qwe AvuKe bv?- Shant I draw a picture?

B . FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE (Pjgvb fwelr Kvj)

Definition: Verb Gi KvR fwelZ PjZ _vKe Gic evSvj Future Continuous Tense ej|

Exp: Avwg GKUv Qwe AvuKZ _vKev| - I shall be drawing a picture

Bengali Verb sing: e, e, eb

Note: AvKuZ _vKev (ev), AvKuZ _vKe (e), AvuKZ _vuKeb (eb)

Structures:

i) Affirmative: Sub shall be/ will be V4

obj/Ext.

Exp: Avwg GKUv Qwe AvKuZ _vKev|- I shall be drawing a picture.

ii) Negative: Sub shall not be/ will not be V4

obj/Ext.

Exp: Avwg GKUv Qwe AvKuZ _vKev bv|- I shall not be drawing a picture.

iii) Interrogative: Shall/ will sub be V4

obj ?

Exp: Avwg wK GKUv Qwe AvKuZ _vKev?- Shall I be drawing a picture.

iv) Interrogative + Negative: Shant/ Wont sub be V4

obj ?

Exp: Avwg wK GKUv Qwe AvKuZ _vKev bv?- Shant I be drawing a picture.

C. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE (cyivNwUZ fwelr Kvj) :

Definition: Verb Gi KvR fwelZ msNwVZ nq _vKe Gic Abygvb Kiv nj ZvK Future perfect

Tense ej|

Exp: 1. Avwg QwewU GuK _vKev|- I shall have drawn a picture

Or , Definition: ywU fwelr KvRi ga h KvRwU AcvKZ AvM m~Y ne mwU Future Perfect Tense nq|

ci msNwUZ KvRwU Present Indefinite Tense/ Future Indefinite Tense.

Exp: 2. Zzwg Avmvi (mvaviY eZgvb) c~e Avwg QwewU GuK _vKev (cyivNwUZ fwelr)|

I shall have drawn the picture (Future Perfect) before you come/ you will come. (Present

Indefinite Tense/ Future Indefinite Tense.)

Bengali Verb Symbol : e,e, eb

Note: _vKev (ev), _vKe (e), _vKeb (eb)

Structures

i) Affirmative: Sub shall have/will haveV3

obj.

Exp : Avwg QwewU GuK _vKev| - I shall have drawn a picture. ii) Negative: Sub shall not have/ will not have V

3

obj.

Exp: Avwg QwewU GuK _vKev bv|- I shall not have drawn a picture.


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iii) Interrogative: Shall/ Will sub have V3

obj ?

Exp: Avwg wK QwewU GuK _vKev?- Shall I have drawn a picture?

iv) Interrogative + Negative: Shant/ Wontsub have V3

obj ?

Exp: Avwg wK QwewU GuK _vKev bv?- Shant I have drawn a picture?

D. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE (cyivNUgvb fwelr Kvj) :

Definition: Verb Gi KvR fwelZ wKQy mgq ai PjZ _vKe Gic evSvj ZvK Future Perfect

Continuous Tense ej|

Exp: 1. Avwg yNUv ai QwewU AvuKZ _vKev|

-I shall have been drawing the picture for two hours. Or, Definition: fwelZ Kvb GKwU KvR Aci GKwU KvR iy nIqvi c~e ch wKQy Kvj ai A_ev wKQy mgq ai PjZ

_vKe Gic Abygvb Kiv nj c~eeZx evKvskwU Future Perfect Continuous Tense ej | cieZx KvRwU

Present Indefinite Tense.

Exp: 2. Zzwg Avmvi (mvaviY eZgvb) c~e yNUv ai Avwg GKwU Qwe AvuKZ _vKev (cyivNUgvb fwelr)|

-I shall have been drawing a picture for two hours (Future Perfect Continuous) before you come

(Present Indefinite).

Bengali verb symbol: ev, e, eb

Note: _vKev (ev), _vKe (e), _vKeb (eb)

Structures

i) Affirmative: Sub shall have been/ will have beenV4

for/since

time.

Exp: Avwg yNUv ai QwewU AvuKZ _vKe|

-I shall have been drawing the picture for two hours. ii) Negative: Sub shall not have been / will not have been V

4

obj for/since timeext

Exp: Avwg yNUv ai QwewU AvuKZ _vKev bv|

-I shall not have been drawing the picture for two hours.

iii) Interrogative: Shall/ will sub have been V4

obj

for/since time ext?

Exp: Avwg wK yNUv ai QwewU AvuKZ _vKev?

Shall I have been drawing the picture for two hours?

iv) Interrogative+Negative: Shant/Wontsub have been V4

objfor/since time ext?

Exp: Avwg wK yNUv ai QwewU AvuKZ _vKev bv?

-Shant I have been drawing the picture for two hours?


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Verb to BE & HAVE

. Verb to be : Am is are\ was were : 1


Am/is/ are was/were shall be/ will be


. Verb to have Have has\ had : 2


Have has had shall have/will have

Have to/has to had to shall have to/will have to

1. Verb to BE

Am/is/are was/were shall be/ will be

Verb to be- am, is, are (nB, nI, nq, nb) Present Tense. 1. Avwg (nB) Qv- I am a student.

2. Zzwg (nI) Qv- You are a student.

3. m (nq) Qv- He is a student.

4. wZwb (nb) Qv- She is a student.

Note: am, is, are GLvb Principal verb ic eeZ nqQ|

Appliance: hme evsjv evKi Sub Gi ci nB, nI, nq, nb AbyjvwLZ fve Avm mme Sentence G Sub

Gi ci am, is, are eeZ nq|

Note: I Gi am Ges 3rd person singular number nj is, Avi evwK me are em| am-nB/

is-nq, nb/ are-nI,nq|

Structures

i) Affirmative: Sub am, is, are ObExt.

Exp: Avgiv evsjv`kx (nB).- We are Bangladeshi.

ii) Negative: Sub am not/is not/are not Ob Ext.

Exp: Avgiv evsjv`kx bB - We are not Bangladeshi.

iii) Interrogative: Am/is/are Sub Obj Ext ?

Exp: Avgiv wK evsjv`kx?- Are we Bangladeshi ?

iv) Interrogative + Negative: Aint/Isnt/Arent Sub ObExt ?

Exp: Avgiv wK evsjv`kx bB? Arent we Bangladeshi?

Verb to be : Was,Were wQjvg,wQj,wQj,wQjb ( ) Past Tense :

Appliance: AZxZ Sub Kvb Aev ev cwiwwZZ wQj evSvj was / were eeZ nq|


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Bengali verb symbol: wQjvg, wQj, wQj, wQjb

Exp: 1) Avwg Amy wQjvg - I was ill. 2) Zzwg Amy wQj - You were ill.

3) m Amy wQj - She was ill. 4) Zviv Amy wQjb - They were ill. Note: was, were GLvb Principal Verb ic eeZ nqQ| I Ges subject 3rd person singular

number nj was Ab me were.

Exp: 1) Zzwg e wQj| - You were busy.

2) m abx wQj| - He was rich. Structures:

i) Affirmative: Sub was / were object.

Exp: Avwg Amy wQjvg- I was ill.

ii) Negative: Sub was not / were not object.

Exp: Avwg Amy wQjvg bv| - I was not ill.

ii) Interrogative: Was/Were sub object ?

Exp: Avwg wK Amy wQjvg? - Was I ill?

iv) Interrogative + Negative: Wasnt / Werent sub object ?

Exp: Avwg wK Amy wQjvg bv?- Wasnt I ill?

Will be/shall be (ne, ne, neb ev _vKe, _vKe, _vKeb,) Future Tense :

1) Avwg GKRb msevw`K ne- I shall be a journalist.

2) m GKRb ivRbxwZwe` ne- He will be a politician.

3) Zzwg GKRb wkK ne- You will be a teacher.

4) ivwKe GKRb cKkjx ne- Rakib will be an engineer

5) Zviv mLvb DcwZ _vKe|- They will be present there.

Appliance : Subject fwelZ Kvb Aevq _vKe ev ne Gic eySvZ will be/shall be eeZ nq |

Bengali verb symbol: Gic evsjv evKi kl (ne, ne ev neb ev _vKe, _vKe, _vKeb) mvavibZ Dj-L _vK|

Structures

i) Affirmative: Sub will be/shall be ob ext.

Exp: Avwg myLx ne- I shall be happy.

ii) Negative: Sub shall not be/will not beobj

Exp: m ivMvw^Z ne bv- She will not be angry.

iii) Interrogative: Shall/will sub be ob ext.?

Exp: m wK cwikgx ne? Will he be hard working?

iv) Interrogative + Negative: Shant/Wont sub be ob ext?

Exp: Avwgb mvne wK mr neb bv? Wont Mr. Amin be honest?


Am to/ is to/ are to (...Z nq ). Present + Future Tense:


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Verb to be (Prt- am,is,are) + infinitive (AmgvwcKv) (to):

Appliance: evsjv evKi kl ...Z nq kwU DjL nj am to/ is to/ are to eeZ nq|

Exp: AvgvK hZ nq| - I am to go.

Note: am to/ is to/ are to eZgvb I fwelr DfqB wb k Ki|

Exp: gav K evi XvKv hZ nq|- Medha is to go to Dhaka on Friday.

EXPLANATION (evLv) :

DcwiD Sentence- hLb eenvi Kiv nq ZLb evi nZ cvi ev AvmQ (fwelZ) eviK wb k Kiv nZ cvi|

GwU g~jZ evi eenvii Dk mgq, cwiwwZ I kvZvi DciB eZgvb wKsev fwelZ eySv hvq|

Note: GRb Future Indefinite Tense G cybivq mshvRb Kiv nq wb|

Structures

i) Affirmative: Sub am to/is/are to V1

obext.

Exp: jvKwUK Acv KiZ nq|- The man is to wait.

ii) Negative: Sub am not to is not to/ are not to ob ext.

Exp: Zvì KvR KiZ nq bv|- They are not to work.

iii) Interrogative: Am/Is/AresubtoV1

obext?

Exp: GKRb gvbylK wK mewKQy KiZ nq? Is a man to do everything? iv) Interrogative+Negative: Aint/Isnt/Arentsubto V

1

ob ext.?

Exp: QvìK wK covbv KiZ nq bv?- Arent the students to study ?

(...Z nZv ) Past Tense : Was to/were to

Note: am to/is to/ are to Gi past form was to/were to .

Appliance: AZxZ Subject K wKQy KiZ nZv A_vr evsjv evKi kl nZv kwU DjL ne was

to/were to eeZ nq|

Exp: ZvK m Lvb hZ nZv- She was to go there.

Structures

i) Affirmative: Sub was to/were to V1

ob ext.

Exp: gqwUK Zvi cwievii hZ wbZ nZv|- The girl was to take care of her family.

ii) Negative: Sub was not to/were not to V1

ob ext.

Exp: Zvgvì me mn KiZ nZv Yv - You were not to undergo everything.

iii) Interrogative:was/weresubtoV1

ob ext?

Exp: SzgvK wK mviv ivZ wPv KiZ nZv?- Was Zuma to tense all through the night?

iv) Interrogative + Negative: Wasnt/Werent sub to V1

ob ext?

Exp: AvgK wK ZvK covZ nZv bv?- Wasnt I to teach him?


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2. Verb To HAVE

Have/ has had shall have/ will have

Verb to Have Have / Has (AvQ, iqQ) Present :

Appliance: Kvb Sentenc viv Kvb wKQyi Dci AwaKvi AvQ evSvj Have / Has em| A_vr Kvb evsjv

evKi kl " AvQ" ev "iqQ" DjL nj Have/Has eeZ nq|

Exp: Avgvi GKwU eB AvQ| - I have a book.

Note: Have/Has GLvb Principal verb ic eeZ nqQ| Sub 3rd Person Singular

Number nj has Ges Ab me Sub Gi have eeZ nq|

Exp: i) CwkZvi dzji evMvb AvQ ii) Zvgvi GKwU evox AvQ|

-Esyta has a flower garden. -You have a home.

Structures

i) Affirmative: Sub have/has Obj ext.

Exp: Avgvi GKwU myì cvkvK AvQ|- I have a nice dress. ii) Negative: Sub have not / has not ob ext..

Or, Sub do not / does not have obj ext.

Exp: Avgvi GKwU myì cvkvK bB|- I have not a nice dress

Or, I do not have a nice dress.

Note: Negative Sentence G Kvb ........ bB _vKj have/has Gi ci Not Gi cwieZ "No" em|

Exp: Avgvi Kvb cvkvK bB|- I have no dress. iii) Interrogative: Have / Has Sub object ?

Or, Do/ Does have object ?

Exp: Avgvi wK GKwU myì cvkvK v AvQ?- Have I a nice dress?

Or: Do I have a nice dress?

iv) Interrogative + Negative: Havent / Hasnt Sub object?

Or, Dont / Doesnt Subhave object ?

Exp: Avgvi wK GKwU myì cvkvK bB?- Havent I a nice dress?

Or, Dont I have a nice dress?

Verb to have - Had Gi eenvi (Past) :

Appliance: Kviv AwaKvi Kvb wKQy wQj Gic Had eeZ nq|

Exp: Avgvi GKUv cyZzj wQj|- I had a doll.

Structures

i) Affirmative: Sub had obj.

Exp: Avgvi GKUv cyZzj wQj |- I had a doll.

ii) Negative: Sub had not obj.


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Or Sub did not have obj.

Exp: Avgvi GKUv cyZzj wQj bv|- I had not a doll.

Or, I did not have a doll.

iii) Interrogative: Had sub object ?

Or, Did Sub have obj ?.

Exp: Avgvi wK GKUv cyZzj wQj?- Had I a doll ? Or, Did I have a doll ? iv) Interrogative+Negative: Hadntsubobj?

Or, Didnt Sub have obj ?

Exp: Avgvi wK GKUv cyZzj wQj bv?- Hadnt I a doll?

Or, Didnt I have a doll?

Shall have/Will have - ne ev _vKe, Future :

1. Avgvi GKwU evox _vKe- I shall have a home .

2. Zvgvi DP wkv _vKe- You will have higher education.

3. wRwgi KwDUvi ne- Jimi will have a computer.

4. Zvì Mvox _vKe- They will have a car.

Appliance: Sub Gi fwelZ wKQy _vKe A_vr Sub Gi wKQy fwelZ AwaKvify ne, Gic eySvZ shall

have/will have eeZ nq|

Bengali verb symbol :- G aibi evsjv evKi kl _vKe ev ne kwU mvaviYZ DjL _vK|

Structures

i) Affirmative: Sub shall have/will have obj ext.

Exp: Avgvi AbK Aemi mgq _vKe- I shall have much free time.

ii) Negative: Sub shall not have/will not have ext.

Exp: Zvì gZv _vKe bv|- They will not have power.

iii) Interrogative: Shall/Will sub have ext?

Exp: gqì Kx mwVK evaMgZv ne? - Will the girl have right sensibility?.

iv) Interrogative + Negative: Shant/Wont sub haveext?

Exp: Wont we have enthusiasm?

Have to/ has to had to shall have to/will have to

Have to/ has to (... Z ne ) Present : Verb to have (prt-have, has) + Infinitive (to):

Appliance: Subject K eZgvb wKQy KiZ ne A_vr evsjv evKi kl ne kwU DjL nj have to/has

to eeZ nq|

Exp: ZvgvK GLb AvmZ ne- You have to come now.

Structures


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i) Affirmative: Sub have to/has to V1obext.

Exp: Avgv`iK wRZZ ne- We have to win.

ii) Negative: Sub do not have to/does not have to V1

ob ext?

Exp: ZvgvK AvgvK evSvZ ne bv- You do not have to make me understand.

iii) Interrogative: Do/Does sub have to V1

ob ext?

Exp: AvwmdK wK AsK KiZ ne? Does Asif have to do the sum?

iv) Interrogative+ Negative: Dont/Doesntsubhave toV1

obext?

Exp: AvgvK wK KvRwU AvR kl KiZ ne bv?- Dont I have to finish the work today?

Had to (..Z nqwQj) Past :

Note : Have to/has Gi Past form nj 'had to'.

Appliance: Subject K AZxZ Kvb wKQy KiZ nqwQj A_vr evsjv evKi kl nqwQj kwU DjL nj

had to eeZ nq|

Exp: QjwUK bv Lq _vKZ nqwQj | - The boy had to starve.

Structures:

i) Affirmative: Sub had to V1

ob ext.

Exp: AvgvK AbyvbwU AvqvRb KiZ nqwQj|- I had to organize the function.

ii) Negative: Sub did not have to V1

ob ext.

Exp: ZvK Z KvR KiZ nqwb| - He did not have to work in the farmland.

iii) Interrogative: Did sub have to V1

ob ext?

Exp: ivZziK wK evsK _K UvKv ZzjZ nqwQj ?- Did Ratul have to withdraw money from the Bank?

iv) Interrogative + Negative: Didnt sub have to V1

ob ext?

Exp: mvwKeK wK Zvi me nvivZ nqwQj bv? -Didnt Sakib have to lose everything?

Shall have to/Will have to (..Z ne) Future :

Note : Have to/has to Gi Future from nQ shall have to/will have to.

Appliance: Subject K fwelr wKQy KiZ ne A_vr evsjv evKi kl ne kwU DjL nj shall have to/

will have to eeZ nq|

Note: evsjv wqv ic GK njI eZgvb ev fwelr evi evKwU eenvi cKvk cvq|

Structures:

i) Affirmative: Sub shall have to/will have to V1

ob ext.


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Exp: ebfvRb ZvgvK ivbv KiZ ne|- You will have to cook on the picnic.

ii) Negative: Sub shall not have to/ will not have to V1

obext.

Exp : wggK mLvb K_v ejZ ne bv|- Mim will not have to talk there.

iii) Interrogative: Shall/Will Sub have to V1

ob ext?

Exp: AvgvK wK wjLZ ne?- Shall I have to write?

iv) Interrogative + Negative: Shant/Wont subhave toV1

ob ext.?

Exp : Qv`iK wK covbv KiZ ne bv?-

Wont the students have to study?

HEAVEN LIES AT YOUR MOTHERS FOOT.

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