tennessee air quality update. outline ozone eacs non-attainment areas fine particulate...
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TennesseeTennesseeAir Quality UpdateAir Quality Update
Outline Ozone
EACs Non-attainment Areas
Fine Particulate Non-attainment Areas
Regional Haze Vacatur of CAIR North Carolina vs. TVA
Knoxville Area
A Court Vacatur of the EPA Part I 8-Hour Ozone Rule Eliminated The June 15, 2007 Deadline For Subpart I Basic Area SIP Submittals.
A Bid For Redesignation To Attainment (2004-2006 Data) Has Been Submitted, But Is On Hold, While Exceptional Event Data For 2007 Is Being Reviewed.
Working To Prepare A SIP Package When The New EPA Rule For Subpart I Basic Areas Is Promulgated.
Memphis Area
As A Subpart II Marginal 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area, Shelby County failed to demonstrate attainment using the 2004-2006 data set.
It also did not qualify for a 1-year extension to attain based upon 2006 data.
EPA has “bumped up” the area to a Subpart II Moderate 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area – SIP due March 1, 2009.
Shelby County is protesting, averring that if EPA had included Desoto County, MS in the original designation, none of this would have happened.
Final 2005 – 2007 8 Hr Ozone DV(Exceptional Event Flagged Data Included)
County Site Name MONITOR ID
2007 4th Max. (QL 02282008)
Final 2005 2007 DV> 0.08 PPM
Anderson Co Freels Bend_Study Area Melton Lake 470010101 - 1 0.08 0.08Blount Co Great Smoky Mountains Np Look Rock 470090101 - 1 0.088 0.086Blount Co Great Smoky Mountains Np - Cades Cove 470090102 - 1 0.074 0.07Davidson Co 1015 Trinity Lane 470370011 - 1 0.076 0.072Davidson Co Percy Priest 470370026 - 1 0.08 0.079Hamilton Co 6200 Bonny Oaks Drive, Eastside Filter Plant 470654003 - 1 0.089 0.084Hamilton Co Soddy Daisy H.S., 620 Sequoyah RD. 470651011 - 1 0.085 0.083Jefferson Co 1188 Lost Creek Rd 470890002 - 1 0.085 0.084Knox Co 9315 Rutledge Pike Mascot Tn 37806 470930021 - 1 0.087 0.081Knox Co 4625 Mildred Drive 470931020 - 1 0.092 0.088Loudon Co 130 Webb Drive/Roberts Rd 471050109 - 1 0.088 0.085Meigs Co 8401 Highway 60 471210104 - 1 0.083 0.081Rutherford Co Eagleville Puckett'S Farm 471490101 - 1 0.089 0.08Sevier Co Great Smoky Mountain Np Cove Mountain 471550101 - 1 0.088 0.082Sevier Co Clingsmans Dome, Great Smoky Mtns. Np 471550102 - 1 0.087 0.083Shelby Co 1330 Frayser Blvd 471570021 - 1 0.081 0.082Shelby Co 6855 Mudville Rd. Edmond Orgill Park 471571004 - 1 0.08 0.081Sullivan Co Hill Road 471632002 - 1 0.09 0.083Sullivan Co Ketron Middle School On Bloomingdale Rd. 471632003 - 1 0.085 0.083Sumner Co Rockland Recreation Area-Old Hickory Dam 471650007 - 1 0.083 0.084Sumner Co Cottontown Wright's Farm 471650101 - 1 0.085 0.082Williamson Co Fairview Middle School Crow Cut Road 471870106 - 1 0.085 0.077Wilson Co Cedars Of Lebanon State Park 471890103 - 1 0.085 0.082
Christian Hopkinsville 210470006 - 1 0.089 0.081DeSoto 5 East South 280330002 - 1 0.084 0.085Crittenden Marion 050350005 - 1 0.084 0.089
Updated by ERB 2/28/2008*
Tennessee Ozone Data for 2007
The New 8-hour Ozone Standard
County Analysis By Monitor County Analysis By Monitor Measurement:Measurement:
Designations for the new
standard are based upon future data measurements 2006-
2008(9)
Slides that follow are Year-by-Year Design Values Up to 2005-
2007
Middle Tennessee Ozone Data Summary
County Address AQS Site ID 2001
2003 DV2002
2004 DV2003
2005 DV2004
2006 DV2005
2007 DV
Davidson Co 1015 Trinity Lane 470370011 - 1 0.069 0.067 0.066 0.068 0.072
Davidson Co Percy Priest 470370026 - 1 0.077 0.076 0.076 0.078 0.079
Rutherford Co Eagleville Puckett'S Farm 471490101 - 1 0.08 0.078 0.075 0.074 0.080
Sumner Co Rockland Recreation Area-Old Hickory Dam 471650007 - 1 0.086 0.083 0.082 0.083 0.084
Sumner Co Cottontown Wright's Farm 471650101 - 1 0.082 0.079 0.076 0.079 0.082
Williamson Co Fairview Middle School Crow Cut Road 471870106 - 1 0.084 0.082 0.076 0.073 0.077
Wilson Co Cedars Of Lebanon State Park 471890103 - 1 0.082 0.079 0.077 0.077 0.082
Sites with DV's greater than or equal to 0.085 PPM (Old 1997 NAAQS)Sites with DV's greater than or equal to 0.076 PPM (New 2008 NAAQS)
Knoxville Area Ozone Data Summary
Anderson Co Freels Bend Study Area Melton Lake 470010101 - 1 0.087 0.082 0.076 0.076 0.08Blount Co Great Smoky Mountains Np Look Rock 470090101 - 1 0.092 0.091 0.086 0.084 0.086Blount Co Great Smoky Mountains Np - Cades Cove 470090102 - 1 0.076 0.073 0.067 0.067 0.07Jefferson Co 1188 Lost Creek Rd 470890002 - 1 0.091 0.087 0.082 0.081 0.084Knox Co 9315 Rutledge Pike Mascot Tn 37806 470930021 - 1 0.088 0.084 0.079 0.076 0.081Knox Co 4625 Mildred Drive 470931020 - 1 0.092 0.088 0.084 0.083 0.088Loudon Co 130 Webb Drive/Roberts Rd 471050109 - 1 0.081 0.085Sevier Co Great Smoky Mountain Np Cove Mountain 471550101 - 1 0.08 0.078 0.075 0.074 0.082Sevier Co Clingsmans Dome, Great Smoky Mtns. Np 471550102 - 1 0.092 0.086 0.078 0.077 0.083
Sites with DV's greater than or equal to 0.085 PPM (Old 1997 NAAQS)Sites with DV's greater than or equal to 0.076 PPM (New 2008 NAAQS)
County Address AQS Site ID 2001
2003 DV2002
2004 DV2003
2005 DV2004
2006 DV2005
2007 DV
Chattanooga Area Ozone Data Summary
Hamilton Co 6200 Bonny Oaks Drive, Eastside Filter Plant 470654003 - 1 0.088 0.084 0.079 0.08 0.084Hamilton Co Soddy Daisy H.S., 620 Sequoyah RD. 470651011 - 1 0.087 0.085 0.077 0.08 0.083Meigs Co 8401 Highway 60 471210104 - 1 0.088 0.086 0.08 0.079 0.081
Sites with DV's greater than or equal to 0.085 PPM (Old 1997 NAAQS)Sites with DV's greater than or equal to 0.076 PPM (New 2008 NAAQS)
County Address AQS Site ID 2001
2003 DV2002
2004 DV2003
2005 DV2004
2006 DV2005
2007 DV
Memphis Area Ozone Data Summary
Shelby Co 1330 Frayser Blvd 471570021 - 1 0.092 0.087 0.079 0.08 0.082Shelby Co 6855 Mudville Rd. Edmond Orgill Park 471571004 - 1 0.084 0.08 0.079 0.079 0.081
Sites with DV's greater than or equal to 0.085 PPM (Old 1997 NAAQS)Sites with DV's greater than or equal to 0.076 PPM (New 2008 NAAQS)
County Address AQS Site ID 2001
2003 DV2002
2004 DV2003
2005 DV2004
2006 DV2005
2007 DV
Tri-Cities Area Ozone Data Summary
Sullivan Co Hill Road 471632002 - 1 0.089 0.084 0.081 0.08 0.083Sullivan Co Ketron Middle School On Bloomingdale Rd. 471632003 - 1 0.086 0.081 0.078 0.079 0.083
County Address AQS Site ID 2001
2003 DV2002
2004 DV2003
2005 DV2004
2006 DV2005
2007 DV
Sites with DV's greater than or equal to 0.085 PPM (Old 1997 NAAQS)Sites with DV's greater than or equal to 0.076 PPM (New 2008 NAAQS)
The New Ozone 8Hour Ozone Standard
Here’s the “Kicker”:Here’s the “Kicker”:You can also be designated
nonattainment for contributingcontributing to the nonattainment of another county even if you measure
attainment.
Traditionally, EPA looks to the MSA as the starting point for
“contributing”designations.
Old MSAs
New MSAs
Implementation Timeline
Milestone DateRule Signed March 12, 2008
State Designation Recommendations to EPA
No later thanMarch 12, 2009
Final Designations March 12, 2010Up To 1 Extra Year If Unclassifiable
Attainment Demonstration SIPs Due
2013Up To 1 Extra Year If Unclassifiable
Attainment Dates 2013-2030Depending Upon Severity Of Problem
Historic Ozone Trends In Tennessee
23 Year Evaluation Tennessee 8 Hour Ozone Data Trends
0.040
0.050
0.060
0.070
0.080
0.090
0.100
0.110
0.120
0.130
1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005
Monitoring Year
PP
M 8
Ho
ur
Ozo
ne
Avg 4th Max 8 Hr Avg
+0.5 % Increase
23 Sites
Year
Avg 4th Max 8 Hr
Avg
% Difference (Year vs
Std.)1983 0.089 5%1984 0.084 -1%1985 0.082 -4%1986 0.084 -1%1987 0.086 1%1988 0.099 16%1989 0.076 -11%1990 0.090 6%1991 0.081 -5%1992 0.079 -7%1993 0.083 -2%1994 0.085 0%1995 0.088 3%1996 0.087 3%1997 0.088 3%1998 0.096 14%1999 0.096 13%2000 0.090 6%2001 0.082 -3%2002 0.091 7%2003 0.081 -5%2004 0.074 -13%2005 0.08 -6%2006 0.078 -8%
Std. 0.085 0.5%
PMPM2.5 2.5 Attainment StatusAttainment Status
Roane Partial Area (Census Block Group 471450307-2 Only)
Anderson
Blount
Knox
Loudon
Hamilton
McMinn (Changed from unclassifiable to attainment 04/05/2005)
Tennessee PM 2.5 Designations By EPAEffective April 5, 2005
Attaining PM 2.5 Counties and Areas
Non-attaining PM 2.5 Counties or Partial Areas
Roane County Partial Nonattainment Area
TVA Kingston Fossil Plant
ROANE
County Name AIRS Site IDDV Annual Std. 2004
2006
DV Daily Std. 2004 2006
Wtd. Arith. Mean 2007
Percentile 98th 2007
Blount 470090011 14.1 30 15.0 38.8Davidson 470370023 14.1 33 13.8 33.9Davidson 470370025 13.8 30 14.2 40Davidson 470370036 13.0 32 12.1 32.3Dyer 470450004 12.1 33 12.1 28.5Hamilton 470650031 15.5 36 15.5 33.6Hamilton 470651011 13.5 28 14.4 32.8Hamilton 470654002 15.1 32 15.6 35.1Knox* 470930028 15.2 35 15.2 35Knox* 470931013 11.8 19 16.9 37.3Knox* 470931017 15.6 33 14.6 32.4Knox* 470931020 15.2 33 15.1 36.3Lawrence 470990002 11.5 26 12.6 39.8Loudon 471050108 15.3 31 16.1 36McMinn 471071002 14.1 32 15.4 35.8Madison 471130006 10.2 25 12.6 28.7Maury 471192007 13.1 30 13.4 31.2Montgomery 471251009 13.6 35 13.3 35.4Montgomery 471251010 14.3 35Putnam 471410001 14.0 32Putnam 471410005 12.5 34 13.4 33.9Roane 471450004 14.5 30 14.9 33.2Shelby* 471570014 13.6 31 13.4 37.2Shelby 471570024 14.9 27Shelby* 471570038 13.3 31 13.1 35.1Shelby* 471570047 13.6 33 12.8 33.6Shelby* 471571004 12.0 30 11.7 28Sullivan 471631007 14.0 31 14.4 34.4Sumner 471650007 13.6 33 13.7 33.4
* Data incomplete as of 02282008. December 2007 data not loaded to AQS.
Preliminary 2007 DataTennessee PM2.5 Data 2004 to 2006 with Preliminary Data for 2007
Photo of Smoke Shaded Graphic of Plume
Wildfire Plumes May Have Impacted Ambient Air Measurements In Tennessee
Tennessee PM 2.5 Weighted Arithmetic Mean 1999 - 2006 and Locations of Counties with PM Speciation Monitors
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
ug
/m3 P
M 2
.5
PM 2.5 Annual Standard 15 ug/m3
Tennessee Overall Annual Avg
Tennessee 2002 Design Value (Left) and2009 base G2 12km projected DVF (Middle) and
2009 base G2 36km projected DVF (Right)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Blo
unt-0
011
Dav
idso
n-00
23
Dye
r-00
04
Ham
ilton
-400
2
Kno
x-00
28
Kno
x-10
17
Kno
x-10
20
Mau
ry-2
007
McM
inn-
1002
Mon
tgom
ery-
1009
Put
nam
-000
1
Roa
ne-0
004
She
lby-
0014
She
lby-
0038
She
lby-
0047
She
lby-
1004
Sul
livan
-100
7
Sum
ner-
0007
Tennessee
ug/m
3
PBW
NH4
Crustal
EC
OC
NO3
SO4
PM2.5 SIPs
Greater Knoxville Area SIP SIP approved by the state air board
on April 4, 2008 and submitted to EPA for federal approval.
Greater Chattanooga Area SIP Includes portions of GA & AL Will be taken to hearing soon to work
with other states Working on a term called “NOx
Insignificance”
The following data should be considered preliminary because EPA has not yet finalized the exceptional event flags for these data.
The data for 2008 is current only through 1st qtr of 2008 and is not enough to evaluate for trends in the current calendar year.
Knox Co. Design Values
AIRS Site ID County Site Address
A. Annual PM 2.5 2005 2007
Avg.
B. Daily PM 2.5 2005 2007
Avg.470930028 Knox 1000 FRANCIS ROAD 15.7 37470931017 Knox 1919 VERMONT AVENUE 15.7 33470931020 Knox 4625 MILDRED DRIVE 15.3 34
Preliminary 2005 2007 PM 2.5 Design Values for Consideration in Nonattainment Area Briefings
Green indicates attaining the standard(s).
Orange indicates non-attainment with the standard(s).
B. 24-hour PM2.5 standard design values shall be rounded to the nearest 1 μg/m3 (decimals 0.5 and greater are rounded up to the nearest whole number, and any decimal lower than 0.5 is rounded down to the nearest whole number). The 24 hour standard is 35.
A. Annual PM2.5 standard design values shall be rounded to the nearest 0.1 μg/m3 (decimals 0.05 and greater are rounded up to the next 0.1, and any decimal lower than 0.05 is rounded down to the nearest 0.1). The annual standard is 15.0.
Knox Co. Trends2005 2007
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
Q1 2005
Q2 2005
Q3 2005
Q4 2005
Q1 2006
Q2 2006
Q3 2006
Q4 2006
Q1 2007
Q2 2007
Q3 2007
Q4 2007
ug/m
3 PM
2.5 470930028 Francis Rd.
470931017 Vermont Ave.
470931020 Mildred Dr.
470930028 Annual Avg.
470931017 Annual Avg
470931020 Annual Avg.
Montgomery Co. Design Values
AIRS Site ID County Site Address
A. Annual PM 2.5 2005 2007
Avg.
B. Daily PM 2.5 2005 2007
Avg.471251009 Montgomery 1514 GOLF CLUB LANE 13.9 38
Preliminary 2005 2007 PM 2.5 Design Values for Consideration in Nonattainment Area Briefings
Green indicates attaining the standard(s).
Orange indicates non-attainment with the standard(s).
B. 24-hour PM2.5 standard design values shall be rounded to the nearest 1 μg/m3 (decimals 0.5 and greater are rounded up to the nearest whole number, and any decimal lower than 0.5 is rounded down to the nearest whole number). The 24 hour standard is 35.
A. Annual PM2.5 standard design values shall be rounded to the nearest 0.1 μg/m3 (decimals 0.05 and greater are rounded up to the next 0.1, and any decimal lower than 0.05 is rounded down to the nearest 0.1). The annual standard is 15.0.
Montgomery Co Trends2005 2007
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
Q1 2005
Q2 2005
Q3 2005
Q4 2005
Q1 2006
Q2 2006
Q3 2006
Q4 2006
Q1 2007
Q2 2007
Q3 2007
Q4 2007
ug/m
3 PM
2.5
471251009 Golf Club Ln.
471251009 Annual Avg.
State Obligations To Address Regional Haze
Assess Current Visibility Levels In Class I Areas
Determine Natural Conditions Of Visibility In Class I Areas (pre-Americanization)
ID & Protect the 20% Best Days ID & Improve the 20% Worst Days Apply BART and Reasonable
Progress as needed Be At Natural Conditions By 2064
Consult With Others In Preparing The SIP
Talk to Federal Land Managers US Department of the Interior
• National Park Service• Fish and Wildlife Service
US Department of Agriculture• Forest Service
Talk to Neighboring State Air Agencies
Talk to EPA
Public Comment
New IMPROVE equation
Uniform Rate of Progress Glide Path (Base G2a projections)Great Smoky Mountains - 20% Worst Days
30.2829.01
25.85
22.69
19.53
16.3713.20
11.31
22.87
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 2028 2032 2036 2040 2044 2048 2052 2056 2060 2064
Year
Haz
ines
s In
dex
(Dec
ivie
ws)
Glide Path Natural Condition (Worst Days) Observation Method 1 Prediction
Uniform rate of progress = 4.4 dV by 2018
Great Smoky Mountains2000-2004 Reconstructed Extinction
20% Worst Days
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
3/8
5/1
76
/36
/10
6/2
87
/17
/87
/22
8/5
8/1
68
/19
8/2
38
/26
10
/15
10
/18
10
/21
10
/24
10
/27
11
/21
2/1
15
/15
/76
/96
/12
6/2
16
/27
7/3
7/1
27
/18
7/2
17
/24
7/3
08
/28
/58
/88
/11
8/1
48
/17
8/2
38
/26
9/7
9/1
39
/19
11
/18
2/2
55
/25
/85
/17
6/1
6/1
36
/19
6/2
27
/17
/77
/10
7/1
67
/31
8/3
8/6
8/9
8/1
28
/15
8/2
19
/59
/89
/11
9/1
79
/23
3/1
64
/27
5/2
45
/27
6/5
6/1
16
/20
6/2
66
/29
7/5
7/1
77
/20
7/2
68
/78
/10
8/1
68
/19
8/2
28
/25
8/2
89
/39
/69
/12
9/2
11
/10
2/2
16
/86
/11
6/2
06
/26
6/2
97
/87
/17
7/2
07
/29
8/4
8/1
08
/16
8/1
98
/25
8/2
88
/31
9/3
9/1
29
/15
9/3
01
0/3
10
/30
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Ex
tin
cti
on
(M
m-1)
ECMESoilELACEOMCEAmm_NO3EAmm_SO4Rayleigh
BART BART = Best Available Retrofit
Technology Applies to Certain Large Source
Categories that were Pre-PSD 26 Source Categories Emit >250 Tons/Year PTE of Visibility
Impairing Pollutants Built 1962-1977 → 15 years prior to
PSD In Tennessee, only those sources that
model Class I Area impacts of >0.5 dV will be subject to BART
Reasonable Progress Analysis
Required by Regional Haze Rule [§51.308(d)(1)(i)(A)] to consider four factors when establishing our Reasonable Progress Goal (RPG) Cost of compliance Time necessary for compliance Energy and non-air quality environmental
impacts of compliance Remaining useful life of any existing source
subject to the requirements
Discussions with other states:
This one from MO & AR
What’s Next? The state air board approved the
regional haze SIP on April 4, 2008.
The regional haze SIP has been submitted to EPA for federal approval.
Vacatur of Clean Air Interstate Rule
On July 11, 2008, the DC Circuit Court of Appeals vacated the Clean Air Interstate Rule in its entirety and remanded the rule to EPA to promulgate a rule consistent with the court’s opinion.
One Petitioner was North Carolina -Their Challenges
Lawfulness of Trading Programs.
“Interfere With Maintenance”
2015 Compliance Deadline
Other Challenges
Court Decision – Pollution Trading
EPA never measured the “significant contribution” from sources within an individual state to downwind nonattainment areas. It has not measured the unlawful amount of pollution for each upwind-downwind linkage.
CAIR must require elimination of emissions from sources that contribute significantly and interfere with maintenance in downwind nonattainment areas. It must measure each state’s significant contribution to downwind nonattainment, even if that measurement does not directly correlate with each state’s individualized air quality impact on downwind nonattainment relative to other upwind states.
Areas that find themselves barely meeting [ozone] attainment in 2010 due in part to upwind sources interfering with that attainment have no recourse. An outcome that fails to give independent effect to the “interfere with maintenance” prong violates the plain language of §110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I).
Because EPA does not give independent significance to the “interfere with maintenance” language, it unlawfully nullifies that aspect of the statute.
The rule includes the same flaw with regard to PM2.5.
Court Decision – “Interfere with Maintenance” (I)
Court Decision – 2015 Compliance Deadline
EPA did not make any effort to harmonize CAIR’s Phase Two deadline for upwind contributors to eliminate their significant contribution with the attainment deadlines for downwind areas… EPA ignored its statutory mandate to promulgate CAIR consistent with the provisions in Title I mandating compliance deadlines for downwind states in 2010…
Remedy
EPA must redo its analysis from the ground up. It must:
Consider anew which states are included in CAIR, after giving significance to the phrase “interfere with maintenance” in §110(a)(2)(D).
Decide what date, whether 2015 or earlier, is as expeditious as practicable for states to eliminate their significant contributions to downwind nonattainment.
Remedy -Continued
In the absence of CAIR, the NOX SIP Call trading program will continue, because EPA terminated the program only as part of the CAIR rulemaking.
In addition, downwind states retain their statutory right to petition for immediate relief from unlawful interstate pollution under section 126.
“It is possible that after rebuilding, a somewhat similar CAIR may emerge; after all, EPA already promulgated the apparently similar NOX SIP Call eight years ago.”
Implications of CAIR Vacature
PM2.5 SIPs – Knoxville and Chattanooga
Regional Haze SIP
North Carolina Section 126 Petition
Annual SO2 Emissions 1980-2007Acid Rain Program
Annual NOX Emissions 1995-2007Acid Rain Program
Ozone Season NOX Emissions 1995-2007 Acid Rain Program
Ozone Season NOX Emissions 2004-2007NOX Budget Trading Program
State Year ProgramMonths
ReportedNOX Emissions
(tons)Heat Input (MMBtu)
NOX Rate (lb/MMBtu)
NC 2004 NBP 4 27,731 271,214,285 0.20NC 2005 NBP 5 32,888 370,328,357 0.18NC 2006 NBP 5 30,387 366,994,347 0.17NC 2007 NBP 5 28,390 377,617,442 0.15
State Year ProgramMonths
ReportedNOX Emissions
(tons)Heat Input (MMBtu)
NOX Rate (lb/MMBtu)
TN 2004 NBP 4 24,451 226,280,922 0.22TN 2005 NBP 5 25,718 292,147,587 0.18TN 2006 NBP 5 23,930 295,003,457 0.16TN 2007 NBP 5 23,260 300,041,847 0.16
Emission Comparison: North Carolina vs. Tennessee
