tendencias: cómo nos va a afectar el internet de las cosas - self driving car in the insurance...
TRANSCRIPT
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WHAT IS A SELF DRIVING CAR?
• The scale most common is from
NHTSA, National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration.
• This scale is built up using a five
grade scale (0-4) where the levels
of autonomy are classified.
• Level 4 refers to full automation and
the vehicle is designed to perform
all safety-critical driving functions
and monitor roadway conditions for
the entire trip.
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NHTSA SCALE (NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY
ADMINISTRATION)
• Level 0
– No-Automation: The driver is in complete and sole control of the vehicle at all times. The
driver has full control over the primary vehicle controls (brakes, steering, acceleration/drive)
and is himself responsible for driving the vehicle safely
• Level 1
– Function-specific Automation: One or more specific control functions are automated
independently, for example electronic stability control or dynamic brake support in
emergencies. The driver is fully engaged and responsible for overall vehicle control.
• Level 2
– Combined Function Automation: At least two controls are automated and work in unison,
such as adaptive cruise control in combination with lane keeping. The driver disengages
from active control in certain limited driving situations, and is still responsible for monitoring
the roadway and safe operation.
• Level 3
– Limited Self-Driving Automation: The driver cedes full control of all safety-critical functions
under certain traffic or environmental conditions, relying heavily on the vehicle to sense
changes in those conditions that require the driver to take back control within a comfortable
transition time.
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NHTSA SCALE (NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION)
• Level 4
– Full Self-Driving Automation: The vehicle is designed to perform all safety-critical
driving functions and monitor roadway conditions for an entire trip. The driver is
not expected to operate at any time or else the vehicle can be unoccupied.
– This also includes vehicles without passengers or drivers. Driving safety rests
entirely upon the vehicle's automated system.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ol3g7i64RAI
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WHAT IS A SELF DRIVING CAR?
• The self-driving cars is supposed to
take thousands of decisions completely
by itself in order to perform safe driving
with very limited, or with no human
interactive at all
• The cars must also be equipped with
software and hardware in order to be
able to “see” the environment around
and to send and receive data:
– between cars (Vehicle to Vehicle
communication)
– and to send/receive information
to/from infrastructure such as
antennas (Infrastructure to
infrastructure and Vehicle to
Infrastructure).
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WHAT IS A SELF DRIVING CAR? - HARDWARE
• Sensors: There are sensors at a 360 degree around the
car. This will help the car to determine if there are any
objects in its nearly environment. Nearly environment is
approximately 5 meters around the car.
• Cameras: There is a camera in front of the cars that will
operate together with the radar. The front camera is used
for detect other cars, objects and even to read traffic signs
such as speed signs or read or green lights.
• Radar: The radar is used to detect objects on the road that
the car has to avoid or break for.
• GPS: The GPS is not accurate enough to be able to
localize the position of the car. The GPS system is seen as
a complement to other technologies due to it will only be
able to give a rough position with an accuracy of +- 20
meters. According to that the GPS system is a bit weather
sensitive and will not work in heavy storms or rains. There
are also places in the traffic system that has no GPS
signal at all, such as tunnels.
To be able to perform the cars without or with very limited human interaction the cars has to be equipped with
hardware for autonomous purposes.
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WHAT IS A SELF DRIVING CAR? – HARDWARE 2
• LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging): An alternative technology, to create a virtual reality around the car
• LIDAR is the remote sensor technology that measures distance by illuminating a target with a laser and analyzing the
reflected light .
• This technology is used by Google Self-driving cars but is not used by self-driving cars from most car manufacturers
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WHAT IS A SELF DRIVING CAR? - SOFTWARE
• Pre-defined 3D map:
– The 3D map is seen as absolutely necessary to perform autonomous driving. The 3D map is a virtual
reality of a model that is to 100 % accurate with the real reality. In the 3D map every single traffic sign,
road line, fundament and so on is represented. The computers in the car use its cameras, radars and
sensors to compare the real reality with the virtual reality in the 3D map.
• Traffic Center
– All vehicles must be connected in somehow through a traffic center in order to give information to the
cars what's going on outside the range of the sensors
• Sensor data preprocessing:
– Fusion raw data for the sensors to provide information on vehicle position and motion, obstacle and
environment map.
• Localization:
– It establishes the correspondence between the car’s present location, and the pre-defined 3D-map.
• Obstacle tracking:
– Track of static and moving objects.
• Control:
– The final software component realizes control of the vehicle itself, its throttle, brake, gear shifter, and
steering wheel.
To be able to perform the cars without or with very limited human interaction the cars has to be
equipped with software for autonomous purposes.
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AMBITIONS OF STAKEHOLDER
Car manufacturer: As the main group of the car market they have the strongly ambition to
stay in this market – at least not to lose market share to others or in best case to profit from
this market rising.
Tech companies: Technology oriented companies like Google and Apple are new into this
market – and it is a great opportunity for them to get new market shares and rise up their
profits. It is not that impossible, also because the new autonomous cars use new
technologies
OEMs (originally equipment manufacturer): Suppliers are the backbone of the car industry –
and if they will do it right and set up new strategic alliances, they will also have the chance
to keep their market places. And new suppliers will entry this market for sure
Government: With the new kind of cars they assume that accidents will not almost happen
anymore, decreasing health costs are on the consequences.
Drivers as users: Self-driving cars with its supporting technology assistance will give more
safety on the road. And if there will be fully autonomous cars, the user will also have the
opportunity to do something else while the car drives automatically
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CREATING MORE FREE TIME
• Despite the increasing
sophistication of modern
vehicles, and greater
application of driver assistance
technologies, the driver must
still concentrate on driving
100% of the time. Highly and
fully automated vehicles will
change this
IMPROVING SAFETY
POTENTIAL BENEFITS
• Human error is a factor in over
90% of collisions.
• Highly and fully automated
vehicles are a natural
progression from today’s
automated safety
technologies. They will be
required to obey all road traffic
laws and The Highway Code
and are expected to
substantially reduce collisions,
deaths and injuries.
REDUCING EMISSIONS AND
EASING CONGESTION
• Better use of road space,
reducing congestion and
providing more consistent
journey times, through the use
of "connected vehicle"
technologies.
• Vehicles could also
communicate with roadside
infrastructure such as traffic
lights and use this information
to minimize fuel consumption
and emissions.
• There are still many people who do not have a driving licence, or access to a vehicle. Disabled people
may be unable to drive. Elderly people may be judged unfit to drive. Others may simply not want to drive
or be concerned about their ability to do so.
INCREASING ACCESS TO VEHICLES FOR EVERYONE
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ONGOING PROJECTS
• Drive Me a Volvo Project.
• The Project drive me is running by Volvo in a cooperation with the Swedish Transport
Agency and the city of Gothenbourg
• According to Volvo and it´s safety approach they must create a car which in all
conditions and in all situations is able to make own decisions without human
interactive, in other words a level 4 car.
• If the pilot phase of the project succeed well the autonomous package will be sold as
an optional package on certain Volvo models from the year of 2020. “Autonomous
package"
• .http://www.volvocars.com/es/acerca-de-volvo/innovaciones/coches-
inteligentes/coche-autónomo
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• Google have put all technological systems together in a fully functional vehicle, their
first complete prototype for fully autonomous driving. These vehicles have been
designed from the ground to be able to drive without any human interactive.
• The ambition and goal is that the sensors and the hardware do all the work and it
should be possible to only press a button and the car will take you where you need to
go. Furthermore the ambition is to develop the cars without a steering wheel, brake
pedal or accelerator pedal.
• However it is not compliant to the law to have a car without these vital parts why
Google is currently working on a solution to have a removable steering wheel and
pedals.
• The system provides an override that allows a human driver to take control of the car
by stepping on the brake or turning the wheel, similar to cruise control systems already
found in many cars today
• Google says they want to release its fully functional self-driving cars into American
streets in 2020. These cars will come with a removable steering wheel, accelerator
pedal, and brake pedal
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APPLE TITAN PROJECT – IMOVE¡¡
• Apple has recently started a project named Titan which
aims to build a car called iMove. Recently apple
employed a lot of personnel from Tesla Motors. The
project has today nearly 1.000 employees
• The iMove car will be electric and will feature the same general design lines like all the latest
Macintosh products. Most of the car body is covered with transparent materials, so that even under the
roof the driver get a cabriolet feeling. This transparent material is also a solar panel.
• the iMove car it will be launched to the market in 2020. But keep in mind that the Titan
project started for a bit more than a year ago and Apple has not been into car manufacturing
before
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IMPACT IN INSURANCE MARKET
• Until 2020:
– Most of the key players in the ordinary car industry will provide level 3 cars
improving existing driver assistance systems (the exemption is Volvo)
– Technological companies as Google and Apple seem to directly build a self driving
car on level 4 and not to develop it by improving existing driver assistance
systems
• At 2040 the autonomous cars will become our primary means of transport
• Studies suggest that self-driving cars would dramatically reduce car ownership.
• If autonomous cars can bring down accident rates substantially, standard motor
premiums will fall.
• If the driver-owner model of car ownership is replaced by pooled, shared or leased
driving, insurers may look to provide risk coverage to the ownership collective; or look
to continue insuring the driver on a pay-as-you-go basis
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IMPACT IN INSURANCE MARKET
• In households where there isn’t much overlap, a self-driving vehicle could bring one
spouse to work early in the morning, then return home on its own to pick up the other
in order to make a separate run to a different workplace, drop off kids at school, help
run errands, before retrieving that original drop-off at the end of the work day.
• Self-driving cars could create 1GB of data a second
– Self-driving cars will come with a myriad of sensors creating machine-to-machine
data at the rate of 1GB a second. Big data strategists believe the sensors in self-
driving cars will also provide great opportunities to spot mechanical problems
before they happen and even schedule repairs. If a self-driving cars does produce
1GB per second, it would, on average will create about 2 petabytes of data a year.
So autonomous car technology will increase exponentially the amount of data
being produced compared to what cars today create.
• Increasing contacts with clients