temperature, pulse, respirations abbreviated: tpr
TRANSCRIPT
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TEMPERATURE, PULSE,
RESPIRATIONS
Abbreviated: TPR
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TEMPERATURE
The measurement of core body heat
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ROUTES TO MEASURE TEMPERATURE
Oral: By mouth
Rectally: By rectum
Axillary: Under the arm in the armpit
Tympanic: In the ear
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TYPES OF THERMOMETERS
Digital Electronic: To be used for oral, rectal, and axillary
Thermoscan - Digital: To be used for tympanic
Mercury or glass: To be used for oral, rectal, and axillary
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NORMAL RANGES Orally: 97.6 - 99.6 degrees Fahrenheit
Rectally: 99.6 - 100.6 degrees Fahrenheit
Tympanic - manufacturers say to measure as for rectal
Axillary: 96.6 - 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit
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WHAT THERMOMETER SHOULD BE USED?
Tympanic: Special device with plastic covers.
Electronic: All routes. Probes that are red in color for rectal temperatures; blue in color for oral and axillary.
Mercury: All routes. Red ends are rectal; blue ends oral and axillary.
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DURATION FOR TAKING TEMPERATURES
Tympanic: As long as it takes to push a button
Electronic: Until the thermometer beeps
Mercury Oral: Three minutes Mercury Rectal: Three minutes Mercury Axillary: Ten minutes
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BE CAREFUL ON RECTAL AND AXILLARY TEMPS
Always hold the thermometer in place while measuring both temperatures
Always use lubricant with rectal temperatures
Always remove clothing around axilla
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READING THE THERMOMETER
Mercury Fahrenheit thermometers are read by degree and 0.2 of a degree
Long lines indicate degrees Short lines indicate 0.2 of a degree Four short lines between each long line
(0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8)
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PULSE
The wave of blood created by the heart
pumping, that travels along the arteries
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FIND WHERE TO PULSES
At points where the artery is between finger tips and a bony area
Called pulse points
Felt with 2-3 fingers, but never the thumb
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PULSE POINTS AND THEIR LOCATIONS
Temporal
Carotid
Apical
Brachial
Radial
Femoral
Popliteal
Dorsal Pedalis
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HOW TO MEASURE?
Measured in beats per minute
Count the waves for 60 seconds
Or, count the waves for 30 seconds - multiply by 2
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NORMAL RANGES Pulse norms are 60 - 100 beats per minute
Pulses between 90 - 100 are in a gray area - high normal
Faster than 100 - tachycardia
Slower than 60 - bradycardia
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QUALITY OF PULSE
Rhythm: regular or irregular
Rate: Within the normal limits
Strength: Strong, bounding, thready
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WHAT AFFECTS PULSE RATES AND QUALITY?
Body Temperature
Emotions
Activity Level
Health of the Heart
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RESPIRATION
The mechanical act of breathing in air
(inspiration) and expelling air (expiration)
from the body
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RESPIRATION
Measured in breaths per minute Normal range is 12 - 24 breaths per
minute Greater than 24 is tachypnea Less than 12 is bradypnea Watch for rate, depth, quality of breath,
and difficulty in breathing
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METHOD OF MEASURING TPR
If using a mercury thermometer, measure the pulse and respiration while waiting for the temperature
If using another method of measuring the temperature, complete the temperature - then measure the pulse and respiration
Keep you fingers on the pulse while measuring the respiration
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CHARTING Chart in order temperature - pulse -
respiration.
Do not write T =, etc.
Write (Ax) after axillary temperatures
Write (R) after rectal temperatures
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ABBREVIATIONS SOB - Short of breath TPR - Temperature,
pulse, and respiration Within normal limits P.O. - By mouth BID -Twice a day TID -Three times a
day
QID - Four times a day
QS - Every shift QD - Every day PRN - As needed Ad Lib - At liberty B/P - Blood
Pressure VS - Vital Signs
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ABBREVIATIONS SOB TPR WNL PO BID TID
QID QS QD PRN Ad Lib B/P VS
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ABBREVIATIONS Short of breath Temperature,
pulse, and respiration Within normal limits
By mouth Twice a day Three times a day
Four times a day Every shift Every day As needed At liberty Blood Pressure Vital Signs
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TERMS Eupnea - Normal
breathing Orthopnea - Sitting
upright to breath more easily
Apnea - No breath Hyperpnea - Fast,
deep breathing Tachypnea - Fast,
shallow breathing
Bradypnea - Slow breathing
Dyspnea - Painful or difficult breathing
Tachycardia - Pulse rate in excess of 100 bpm
Bradycardia - pulse rate less than 60 bpm
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TERMS Eupnea
Orthopnea
Apnea
Hyperpnea
Tachypnea
Bradypnea
Dyspnea
Tachycardia
Bradycardia
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TERMS Normal Breathing
Sitting upright to breath more easily
Fast, deep breathing
Fast, shallow breathing
Slow breathing
Painful or difficult breathing
Pulse rate in excess of 100 beats per minute
Pulse rate less that 60 beats per minute
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TERMS Bounding pulse -
excessively strong pulse
Thready pulse - Pulse rate difficult to palpate because the heart is not beating hard enough to produce a strong wave of blood. Feels as though there is a piece of thread running under the fingertips.
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TERMS Bounding pulse Thready pulse
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TERMS
Excessively strong pulse
Pulse difficult to palpate because heart not beating heard enough