tema 1 - grado en antropología...

TEMA 1 La población mundial. Distribución espacial de la

población. La transición demográfica. Perspectivas de futuro.

Juan Luis Suárez de Vivero

PIRÁMIDES DE POBLACIÓN: DISTRIBUCIÓN POR EDAD Y SEXO, 2000 Y 2050.

Geografía humana y demografía Juan Luis Suárez de Vivero

WORLD POPULATION GROWTH, IN BILLIONS

Number of years to add each billion (year)

Ninth

Eighth

Seventh

Sixth

Fifth

Fourth

Third

Second

First Billion (1800)

130 (1930)

30 (1960)

15 (1975)

12 (1987)

12 (1999)

14 (2013)

14 (2027)

21 (2048)

Sources: First and second billion: Population Reference Bureau. Third through ninth billion: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (medium scenario), 2005.


ANNUAL INCREASE IN WORLD POPULATION Millions

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1951 1956 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2005

Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision, 2005.


GROWTH IN MORE, LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

Billions

Less Developed Regions

More Developed Regions

Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (medium scenario), 2005.


MAPA DE DISTRIBUCIÓN DENSIDAD POBLACIÓN




Más mapas: http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/gpw/index.jsp

http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/gpw/index.jsp

IMAGEN NOCTURNA DE LA TIERRA



Fuente: http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/earthday/gall_earth_night.html


http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/earthday/gall_earth_night.html

APTITUD DE LA SUPERFICIE TERRESTRE PARA EL POBLAMIENTO




Tierra emergida = 30 %

- Sequía 28 %

- Falta minerales 23 %

- Poco espesor suelos 22 %

- Suelos anegados 10 %

- Permafrost 6 %

- Cultivable 11 %




APTITUD DE LA SUPERFICIE TERRESTRE PARA EL POBLAMIENTO

28%

23% 22%

10%

6%

11%

Sequía Falta minerales Poco espesor suelos

Suelos anegados Permafrost Cultivable

Tierra emergida = 30 %

VACÍOS DEMOGRÁFICOS




1. Zonas frías de los hemisferios N y S.

20% tierras emergidas → 0,02% población.

En la antartida (14 mill. Km2) no hay población permanente.

2. Zonas desérticas

12,5% superficie → 1,4% Población.

En el interior de los grandes desiertos la población es

prácticamente nula.

3. Zonas cálidas y húmedas del Ecuador (Cuencas Amazonas,

Congo; Is. Borneo, Nueva Guinea)

En total los vacíos representan + 25% de la superficie, ocupada por

un 2% de la población.

THE CLASSIC STAGES OF DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION




Time

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4

Natural

increase

Birth rate

Death rate

Note: Natural increase is produced from the excess of births over deaths.



Geografía humana y demografía

Note: Natural increase is produced from the excess of births over deaths.



Geografía humana y demografía




According to the 2008 Revision of the officialUnited Nations population estimates and projections, the world population is projected to reach 7 billion early in 2012, up from the current 6.8 billion, and surpass 9 billion people by 2050




Most of the additional 2.3 billion people will enlarge

the population of developing countries, which is

projected to rise from 5.6 billion in 2009 to 7.9 billion

in 2050, and will be distributed among the population

aged 15-59 (1.2 billion) and 60 or over (1.1 billion)

because the number of children under age15 in

developing countries will decrease.




The population of the more developed regions is

expected to change minimally, passing from 1.23

billion to 1.28 billion, and would have declined to

1.15 billion were it not for the projected net migration

from developing to developed countries, which is

projected to average 2.4 million persons annually

from 2009 to 2050.

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