1 Cél ul as y t ej i dos14

Bi ol ogía y Geol ogía

3º ESOPr esenci a de t ej i dos en or gani smos pl ur i cel ul ar es

En los organismos pluricelulares existen diferentes tipos celulares, cada uno de los cuales realiza una función determinada.

Las células con una misma función se unen para formar los tejidos.

Las esponjas carecen de verdaderos tejidos.

Los vertebrados presentan verdaderos tejidos.

1 Cél ul as y t ej i dos23

Bi ol ogía y Geol ogía

3º ESOCél ul as, t ej i dos, ór ganos y si st emas

Célula muscular

Tejido muscular

Órgano (Corazón)

Sistema circulatorio

1 Cél ul as y t ej i dos24

Bi ol ogía y Geol ogía

3º ESOTej i dos, ór ganos y si st emas

EJEMPLOS DE TEJIDOS

EJEMPLOS DE ÓRGANOS Y SUS SISTEMAS

Muscular Cartilaginoso Nervioso Epitelial

CorazónEncéfalo

Hueso

Estómago

Sistema nervioso

Sistema óseo

Sistema digestivo

Sistema circulatorio

1 Cél ul as y t ej i dos15

Bi ol ogía y Geol ogía

3º ESOTej i dos ani mal es

TEJIDO EPITELIAL

TEJIDO NERVIOSOTEJIDO MUSCULAR

TEJIDOS CONECTIVOS

1 Cél ul as y t ej i dos16

Bi ol ogía y Geol ogía

3º ESOTej i do epi t el i al ( I ) . Epi t el i o de r evest i mi ent o

Reviste la superficie exterior del cuerpo y las cavidades del organismo.

Epitelio simple

Epitelio estratificado

Epitelio pseudoestratificado

Slide 5: Gall BladderSimple columnar epithelium lines the gall bladder. Note the underlying connective tissue with blood vessels.Bar = 100 Microns.

Expanded View

Slide 7: Male UrethraA pseudostratified columnar epithelium lines most of the penile urethra.Bar = 50 Microns.

Expanded View

Slide 9: Urinary BladderThe expandible stratified epithelium of the bladder is referred to as transitional epithelium. Note that its surface cells are large rather than flattened as in stratified squamous epithelium.Bar = 50 Microns.

Expanded View

1 Cél ul as y t ej i dos17

Bi ol ogía y Geol ogía

3º ESOTej i do epi t el i al ( I I ) . Epi t el i os gl andul ar es

Contienen células glandulares especializadas en segregar sustancias con destino al interior o al exterior del cuerpo.

Glándulas exocrinas

Glándulas endocrinas

Glándulas mixtas

Slide 15 PancreasThe pancreas, shown here stained with H&E, serves both endocrine and exocrine functions. The round islets of Langerhans are the endocrine portion and serve to identify pancreatic tissue. Bar = 250 Microns

Expanded View

Slide 8 ThyroidThe simple cuboidal epithelium lining the follicles produces the thyroglobulin which is stored in the colloid follicles. Later it is taken back up by these same cells, cleaved, and released as T3 & T4. Notice that the thyroid is the only gland to store its hormones extracellularly.

Expanded View

Slide 6 Simple Tubular The intestinal gland (arrow) is found under the base of the villi. Notice also the goblet cells. Bar = 100 Microns

Expanded View

1 Cél ul as y t ej i dos18

Bi ol ogía y Geol ogía

3º ESOTej i dos conect i vos ( I ) . Tej i dos conj unt i vo y adi poso

Tejido conjuntivo

Tejido adiposo

Fibroblasto

Linfocito Macrófago

Fibras de colágeno

Núcleo del adipocitoAcúmulo de grasa

Tejido conjuntivo

Slide 5 Elastic FibersSheets of elastic fibers, called elastic lamellae, are common in the aorta, shown here. These lamellae give a distinctive refractive appearance when you focus through them. Bar = 100 Microns

Expanded View

Slide 4 Collagen FibersThe Masson (trichrome) stain leaves collagen green or blue. In the skin, Type 1 collagen predominates, as shown by the thick, wavy bundles. Bar = 250 Microns

Expanded View

Slide 10 TendonIn cross section, collagen fibers make up the pale pink background. The fine lines separate fiber bundles; numerous fibroblast nuclei can be seen. Bar = 50 Microns

Expanded View

1 Cél ul as y t ej i dos19

Bi ol ogía y Geol ogía

3º ESOTej i dos conect i vos ( I I ) . Tej i dos car t i l agi noso y óseo

Tejido cartilaginoso

Tejido óseoTejido óseo compacto

Tejido óseo esponjoso

Condrocitos

Matriz cartilaginosa

Pericondrio

Slide 1 HyalineHyaline cartilage is distinguished by its homogenous matrix surrounding the small nests of chrondrocytes. Notice the

perichondrium which surrounds hyaline cartilage. Bar = 250 Microns

Expanded View

Slide 5 Haversian CanalA higher magnification view of slide 4 clearly shows the concentric circles. After osteoclasts remove old bone, osteoblasts deposit bone in this circular arrangement beginning with the outer ring and working inward. As the osteoblasts become trapped in their

own calcified deposits, they are known as osteocytes. Bar = 100 Microns

Expanded View

1 Cél ul as y t ej i dos20

Bi ol ogía y Geol ogía

3º ESOTej i dos conect i vos ( I I I ) . La sangr e

Glóbulos blancos o leucocitos

Defienden al organismo de cualquier agente causante de

enfermedad.

Su función es transportar sustancias.

Intervienen en la coagulación de la sangre.

Transportan oxígeno y dióxido de carbono.

Pueden ser:

Plasma sanguíneo

Glóbulos rojos

Endotelio

Eosinófilos

Monocitos

Linfocitos

Basófilos

Neutrófilos

Plaquetas o trombocitos

Slide 9: Bone MarrowNotice the granules in the cytoplasm of the promyelocytes (yellow). Plasma cells (blue) are commonly seen in

peripheral tissues where they secrete antibodies. Bar = 30

Slide 10: Bone Marrow

Neutrophil (green)metarubricyte (red)rubricyte (yellow)plasma cell (blue)Bar = 30 Microns

Expanded View

Slide 12: Bone Marrow

Eosinophilic metamyelocyte (Red)Neutrophilic myelocyte (yellow)Metarubricytes (Blue)

Bar = 50 Microns

Expanded View

Slide 2: Bone MarrowProrubricyte (blue), Band neutrophil (red), Platelets (yellow), Platelets are cell fragments produced by megakaryocytes. You will

see a few of them on most of the slides. Bar = 30 Microns

Expanded View

1 Cél ul as y t ej i dos21

Bi ol ogía y Geol ogía

3º ESOTej i do muscul ar

Tejido muscular estriado esquelético Tejido muscular estriado cardiaco

Tejido muscular liso

Forma los músculos esqueléticos que se unen a los huesos y permiten el movimiento.

Forma el músculo cardiaco.

Se encuentra en las paredes del tubo digestivo, el útero, la vejiga y los vasos sanguíneos.

Slide 2 Skeletal MuscleAt higher magnification, the striations become visible. I-bands (isotropic) are light while A-bands (anisotropic) are dark. Bar = 30 Microns

Expanded View

Slide 4 Skeletal MuscleIn cross section, skeletal muscle is identified by peripheral nuclei and large amounts of cytoplasm. Bar = 50 Microns

Expanded View

Slide 8 Smooth MuscleLongitudinal smooth muscle is identified by long, thin central nuclei, a more scattered tissue layout, and an absence of striations. Bar = 50 Microns

Expanded View

Slide 14 Cardiac MuscleLongitudinal cardiac muscle can be identified by centrally placed round to oblong nuclei, striations, branching, and intercalated discs (arrow). Bar = 30 Microns

Expanded View

Slide 17 Cardiac MuscleThe arrows mark organelles of the cardiac myocyte. Specific organelles cannot be distinguished. Bar = 30 Microns

Expanded View

1 Cél ul as y t ej i dos22

Bi ol ogía y Geol ogía

3º ESOTej i do ner vi oso

Forma el encéfalo, la médula espinal y los nervios.

Se compone de dos tipos de células: neuronas y células de glía.

NEURONAS

CELULAS DE GLÍA

Axón

Por ejemplo, las células de Schwann que forman

las vainas de mielina.

Vaina de mielina

Axón

Núcleo de la célula de Schwann

Soma

Dendritas

Slide 15 AstrocytesAstrocytes are star-shaped glial cells of the CNS that have long processes. Many of these processes extend to blood vessels where they expand and cover much of the external wall. The expanded endings of the astrocyte processes are known as end-feet. While the blood-brain-barrier is formed by tight junctions between endothelial cells, the end-feet function to induce and maintain the blood-brain barrier. In pathology following stroke the relationship of end-feet to the endothelial cells is altered leading to disruption of the blood-brain barrier and subsequent leakage. Bar = 30 Microns

Expanded View

Slide 7 Dorsal Root GanglionA higher magnification view shows the surrounding satellite cells (red arrows), the glia of the DRG. Bar = 50 Microns

Expanded View

CÉLULA PARENQUIMÁTICA CON FINA PARED, CON

FORMA PRISMÁTICA

CÉLULAS PARENQUIMÁTICAS

PARÉNQUIMA DE LA PATATA

Two

ESTOMA

COLÉNQUIMA BAJO EPIDERMIS

COLÉNQUIMA

ESCLEREIDA

ARBOL DEL ACEITE DE BRASIL

CANALES SECRETORES VISTOS

LONGITUDINAL Y TRANSVERSALMENTE