SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONAPodela prema nameni Hidrotehniki beton, Beton za kolovozne konstrukcije, Prethodno napregnuti beton, Prefabrikovani beton, Dekorativni (vidljiv) beton, Betoni za zatitu od zraenja (teki betoni), Termoizolacioni betoni i malteri (laki betoni), Hidroizolacioni betoni i malteri, Zvukoizolacioni betoni i malteri (laki betoni), Betoni i malteri za zatitu od poara, Reparaturni betoni i malteri, itd.

SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONAPodela prema sastavu i svojstvimaSamozbijajui (samougraujui) betoni,Mikroarmirani betoni,Reciklirani betoni,Betoni visokih performansi (vrstoa),Uvaljani betoni,Polimer betoni,Polimerima modifikovani betoni,Torkret (prskani) betoni, "Zeleni" betoni, itd.

SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONA

U poslednje vreme sve je bri i intenzivniji razvoj novih vrsta i podvrsta specijalnih betona. Ovakva situacija uslovljena je, pre svega, pojavom novih (hemijski dodaci, vlakna, polimeri) i usavravanjem starih (tradicionalnih) komponentnih materijala (cementi, agregati, mineralni dodaci). Paralelno sa savremenim materijalima, razvijaju se i nove tehnologije spravljanja, transporta, ugradnje i nege betona.Razlozi za ovakav trend su brojni, ali su najvaniji meu njima: bra, kvalitetnija i jeftinija gradnja, dobijanje funkcionalnijih i trajnijih konstrukcija (objekata), ekoloki aspekt (principi energetske efikasnosti i odrivog razvoja).

SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONA Samozbijajui betoniSamozbijajui (samougraujui) beton, poznatiji kao SCC (Self-Compacting Concrete) je po svojoj prirodi takav beton koji nakon unoenja u oplatu ne zahteva vibriranje. Zbijanje (kompaktiranje) ovog betona u svakom delu ili u svakom uglu oplate, ukljuujui i njene teko pristupane i najgue armirane delove, ostvaruje se bez ikakvih spoljnih sila, osim sile gravitacije, tj. sopstvene teine betona. Svea betonska meavina uneta u oplatu tee lagano i potpuno ispunjava ak i najmanje prostore izmeu ipki armature, odnosno izmeu armature i oplate. Bez obzira na visok stepen fluidnosti, ovakav beton ima istovremeno i vrlo visoku otpornost na raslojavanje (segregaciju).Razvijen tokom poslednje decenije prolog stolea u Japanu, SAD i zapadnoj Evropi, danas se koristi u celom svetu, pa i kod nas (na primer kod izvoenja Avalskog tornja i nekoliko poslovnih objekata na Novom Beogradu).

SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONA Samozbijajui betoniSCC Beton :je sposoban da tee i da se konsoliduje pod uticajem svoje sopstvene teine,kompletno ispunjava oplatu ak i u sluaju najgue armaturne mree, zadrava homogenost, ne zahteva zbijanje (kompaktiranje). visoko je fluidan (tekue konzistencije),otporan je na segregaciju (raslojavanje).

SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONA Samozbijajui betoniRe je, dakle, o tiksotropnoj betonskoj meavini koju karakterie vrlo visoka sposobnost rasprostiranja, ak i kroz prepreke koje predstavljaju gusto rasporeene (nagomilane) ipke armature bez segregacije. Ovakva svojstva samozbijajueg betona postiu se dodavanjem betonu hemijskih dodataka tipa hiperplastifikatora (HRWRA), najee u kombinaciji sa jednom novom vrstom hemijskih dodataka za modifikaciju viskoziteta ("Viscosity-Modifying Admixture"- VMA) i primenom odreene koliine finog mineralnog dodatka - praha (elektrofilterski pepeo, fino samlevena zgura visokih pei, silikatna praina, kameno brano i dr.). Najvee zrno agregata najee ne prelazi 20-25 mm, premda ima i primera primene i krupnijeg agregata, do 40 mm. S obzirom na uglavnom niske vrednosti vodocementnog faktora (najee ispod 0,40), pored svih napred navedenih svojstava, ovi betoni uglavnom postiu i vrlo visoke vrstoe, mada ima i primera betona za masivne elemente i konstrukcije sa niim koliinama cementa (200-250 kg/m3) i sledstveno tome znatno viih vodocementnih faktora, kada su vrstoe osetno nie: 25-30 MPa.

SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONA Samozbijajui betoniOsnovni razlozi za pojavu SCC-a u Japanu (a kasnije i u drugim razvijenim zemljama):

Narastajui problemi trajnosti i propadanja betonskih konstrukcija, Nemogunost efikasnog kompaktiranja betona kod sve veeg broja tankozidnih i/ili gusto armiranih elemenata konstrukcija, Akutni nedostatak dovoljnog broja kvalifikovanih radnika, u prvom redu "betoniraca koji rade na vibriranju betona, Smanjenje potronje energije i trokova angaovanja opreme i radne snage (problemi osiguranja radnika i trokovi leenja bolesti drhtanja ruku i sindroma mrtvih prstiju"), Oteani uslovi rada u gradskim jezgrima (mali radni prostor, nepristupani elementi, problemi buke i vibracija, itd.), Efikasnija i jevtinija prefabrikacija betonskih elemenata.

SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONA Samozbijajui betoniSCC Klasian beton: Razlike u sastavu

SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONASCC Kontrola kvaliteta Test metode

SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONASCC Kontrola kvaliteta Test metodeRasprostiranje: 60 - 70 cmJ - RingV - Levak

SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONA SCC Struktura ovrslog betona U strukturi ovrslog SCC-a prisutna je vea koliina cementnog kamena nego kod klasinog betona, ali je njegov kvalitet generalno bolji. Ovo stoga, to se radi o homogenijim meavinama, sa niim v/c faktorom, manjim sadrajem uvuenog vazduha i veim koliinama sitnih estica (filera). Pri tome ovaj filer moe dodatno da doprinese ukupnom porastu vrstoe betona - ako je re o silikatnoj praini, zguri ili pucolanu.

SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONA SCC Primeri primene

Najvia zgrada na svetu Burj Dubai

Dusan

Miks dizajn: MB 80Cement 380 kgFlyash 60 kgSilica fume 44 kgVoda 132 lV/C 0.27Burd DubaiCena: $ 20 milijardi.Najvia zgrada: > 800 m280.000 m3 betona> 800.000 l superplastifikatora3.000 radnikaTrajnost: > 100 godinaMaterijali: 230.000 m3 betona + 31.400 t elikaZavrena: krajem 2009. godineNovi rekord: pumpanje na visinu 452 m

Dusan

REKORDERI

Dusan

Bajka o 1000 & 1 mikseru

Dusan

SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONA Mikroarmirani betoniPoznato je da beton, kao kompozitni graevinski materijal, vrlo slabo prihvata i podnosi napone zatezanja, za razliku od napona pritiska. Ova injenica uvela je, kao praktino obaveznu, upotrebu eline armature u zategnutim zonama betonskih elemenata. Na taj nain, sprezanjem dva sutinski razliita materijala (betona i elika), nastao je armirani beton - kompozitni materijal koji je u oblasti graevinskog konstrukterstva obeleio 20. vek, a po svemu sudei (uz odreene modifikacije i inovacije), ostae vodei graevinski materijal i u 21. veku. Jedan od znaajnih produkata ovakvog razvojnog trenda u oblasti graevinarstva je i tzv. mikroarmirani beton (Fiber Reinforced Concrete), tj. beton sa dodatkom vlakana koja predstavljaju svojevrsnu mikroarmaturu. Generalno, mikroarmirani betoni predstavljaju kompozitne materijale dobijene ojaanjem cementne matrice pomou ravnomerno rasporeenih - dispergovanih vlakana. Ovakva koncepcija ne predstavlja nita novo ona je prisutna u graevinskoj praksi znatno due nego to je to sluaj sa upotrebom betona. Na primer, vlakna dobijena od slame ili ivotinjske dlake koriena su hiljadama godina u cilju poboljanja svojstava opeke.

SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONA Mikroarmirani betoniIdeja: dodavanjem odreene, optimalne koliine vlakana organskog ili neorganskog porekla u sveu betonsku meavinu, dobiemo kompozit sa poveanom trajnou i unapreenim fiziko-mehanikim svojstvima, kao to su na primer: vrstoa (pri zatezanju, savijanju ili smicanju), ilavost (duktilnost), mogunost kontrolisanja broja i dimenzija prslina, otpornost na razliite uticaje (skupljanje, teenje, udar, abrazija, temp.promene, dejstvo mraza, poar, zamor, itd).

SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONA Mikroarmirani betoni - VRSTE VLAKANA Prirodnog porekla

celuloznapamunajutanaod konopljeod bambusa, i dr.Vetakog porekla

elina (od obinog ili nerajueg elika)polimerna (polipropilenska, najlonska, polietilenska, karbonska, itd.)mineralna (staklena, azbestna i dr.)

SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONA Mikroarmirani betoni - VRSTE VLAKANA Podela vlakana prema mehanikim i deformacionim svojstvima materijala Napon (MPa)Dilatacija (%)

SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONA Mikroarmirani betoni3 D Raspored PP vlakana

SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONA Mikroarmirani betoni

RAZLIKA IZMEU MONOFILAMENTNIH I FIBRILIZOVANIH VLAKANA Monofilamentna FibrilizovanaSPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONA Mikroarmirani betoni

SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONAMikroarmirani betoni - Dijagrami---- FRC---- Plain Concrete

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42.6262149.38097

42.9232349.39466

42.6928749.41252

42.7363349.42263

42.7881149.49466

42.8345449.45418

42.8738349.46847

42.9119249.4893

42.9601349.50002

43.0101349.51787

43.0547849.53454

43.0982349.54704

43.1654949.56371

43.214949.6018

43.2589449.59644

43.2791849.60954

43.3172849.62025

43.3565649.62978

43.4000249.65061

43.4381149.66371

43.4940649.67442

43.5351349.68752

43.7202549.71847

43.8529949.7274

43.6601349.74644

43.7244249.75061

43.7690649.78037

43.7916849.78811

43.8410949.80002

43.8744249.82085

43.9309749.83573

43.9654949.84585

44.0369249.87502

44.0535949.88394

44.0958549.89763

44.1357349.92502

44.1887149.94287

44.239349.98097

44.2762149.96966

44.5416849.98216

44.3470450.00775

44.3845450.02204

44.4339450.03454

44.4708550.05597

44.5196650.06728

44.5619250.08513

44.5982350.10716

44.6488350.12442

44.9202550.14585

44.7345450.16252

44.7690650.1768

44.8196650.19466

44.8690650.21252

44.901850.33752

44.9446650.24287

44.9928750.26371

45.0785950.30359

45.0660950.29942

45.1131150.31013

45.1434750.3274

45.1857350.34883

45.2285950.35954

45.289950.37502

45.5797850.39823

45.3666850.41728

45.4035950.43394

45.4351350.44525

45.4803750.46728

45.5226350.49168

45.5881150.49109

45.6160950.52144

45.652450.54168

45.6970450.55597

45.7291850.56728

45.7726350.58037

45.8226350.62323

45.8660950.62621

45.8904950.6399

46.2119250.65835

45.9779950.66609

46.0095450.68394

46.0631150.70537

46.1029950.72263

46.1440650.74049

46.1875250.75537

46.227450.76311

46.2887150.75894

46.3131150.7643

46.3529950.78752

46.4006150.80716

46.5154950.82621

46.6113350.84525

46.5006150.85716

46.5309750.87442

46.5815650.90121

46.6381150.94168

46.6964450.95061

46.7107350.9643

46.8904950.98037

46.7809750.9893

46.8220451.00954

46.864951.02144

46.8988351.04287

46.9512151.0518

46.9851351.07085

47.0470451.09287

47.0785951.09823

47.1041851.11847

47.1559751.13514

47.1904951.15418

47.2256151.16073

47.2619251.17561

47.3244251.19406

47.3345451.19883

47.3934751.21133

47.4125251.23395

47.4488351.24407

47.4910951.25835

47.5297851.27799

47.5660951.28811

47.6089451.30419

47.6565651.31847

47.7000251.33335

47.7256151.34823

47.7619251.36311

47.802451.37859

47.8595451.39466

47.8797851.41311

47.914351.42323

47.9583551.44645

48.0107351.4649

48.0589451.48038

48.0994251.49704

48.1208551.5024

48.164351.5268

48.1976351.53335

48.2297851.57026

48.2672851.57561

48.3012151.58157

48.3369251.59823

48.3720451.64883

48.4226351.61907

48.4678751.76371

48.4857351.64645

48.5262151.67442

48.5535951.67204

48.6238351.69228

48.6488351.703

48.7006151.72383

48.7172851.7893

48.764951.778

48.7922851.77621

48.8452551.76847

48.8756151.78097

48.8976351.79407

48.952451.81728

49.0012151.82323

49.0154951.83871

49.0750251.8649

49.0958551.88573

49.1285951.903

49.1577551.9149

49.1958551.9149

49.2345451.93038

49.2726351.94407

49.314351.96609

49.3488351.96966

49.3803751.97978

49.4214451.99526

49.4476352.02264

49.4654952.03395

49.552452.04704

49.5672852.04407

49.6410952.05776

49.639352.07859

49.6821652.08038

49.701852.09466

49.7476352.10121

49.7833552.203

49.9196652.13216

49.839952.14942

49.8708552.18335

49.9303752.18216

49.9571652.18157

49.9881152.19883

50.0333552.20835

50.0791852.2393

50.1029952.25716

50.2529952.25002

50.1881152.27561

50.2000252.30538

50.2309752.29585

50.2779952.29169

50.314352.31192

50.3470452.33216

50.5488352.35061

50.414952.35954

50.4601352.36907

50.4750252.38573

50.5178752.37978

50.5464452.38335

50.5750252.39823

50.6113352.41073

50.6404952.42026

50.7881152.428

50.7279952.44823

50.764352.47561

50.7922852.48633

50.8160952.48811

50.8428752.50657

50.877452.52085

50.9059752.51966

50.9416852.53633

50.9815652.53573

51.0256152.54823

51.0422852.55657

51.0815652.578

51.1071652.47204

51.1416852.59704

51.1845452.62026

51.214952.62978

51.2428852.62859

51.2815752.63038

51.3125252.63931

51.3589552.67204

51.3970452.66252

51.4160952.67442

51.464952.70061

51.514952.71311

51.5381152.7155

51.551852.72383

51.5779952.73335

51.6166952.73633

51.6440752.73216

51.6803852.74347

51.7660952.75478

51.901852.75597

51.7833552.57978

51.8256152.77978

51.8547852.8024

51.9006152.80478

51.9095452.803

52.0244252.82859

51.9660952.83157

52.2732352.84883

52.0381152.85597

52.0494252.68692

52.1803852.86847

52.1220452.86192

52.1488352.8649

52.1851452.87442

52.214952.88157

52.2446652.89407

52.2791952.91847

52.3160952.92442

52.3702652.91192

52.3875252.92145

52.4321652.94466

52.4696652.93811

52.5012152.96431

52.5381152.95954

52.5934752.94585

52.6232352.9399

52.665552.9905

52.6958552.99645

52.7339553.00181

52.764953.00657

52.8053852.99407

52.82853.00597

52.8809753.01966

52.92853.02323

52.9428853.03157

53.2047853.03395

53.0202653.04228

53.064953.04466

53.0869253.05002

53.1065753.04764

53.1595453.05776

53.1809752.88395

53.2119253.07026

53.2434753.07502

53.2922852.96371

53.3285953.09585

53.3500253.06847

53.3857353.07561

53.42853.10121

53.4619253.11252

53.4958553.10716

53.52853.1024

53.5565753.10895

53.5839553.11788

53.6303853.11847

53.6482353.1399

53.6839553.14347

53.715553.13931

53.7345453.13276

53.7821653.128

53.8077653.11788

53.8464553.11431

53.8875253.10954

53.9041953.10835

53.9506253.10657

53.9839553.09883

54.0107353.09347

54.0363353.08811

54.0714553.05538

54.1000253.02681

54.1291953.0155

54.1601452.99942

54.2035952.96431

54.2047852.92264

54.2416952.90002

54.2833552.88871

54.3083552.87264

54.3440752.83514

54.3672852.81014

54.3964552.78811

54.4262152.78811

54.452452.75716

54.4910952.753

54.5202652.70359

54.5500252.70181

54.5791952.66728

54.6143152.63931

54.6827652.60954

54.7994352.59169

54.7208552.56133

54.7559752.53514

54.7887152.50181

54.8178852.47561

54.8565752.4649

54.8934752.27978

54.9220452.37264

54.9446652.37204

54.9750252.34764

55.0160952.3024

55.0577652.28097

55.102452.2518

55.1357451.97978

55.1815752.16907

55.2291952.1399

55.2672852.10657

55.3137152.07621

55.3553852.04764

55.6256251.9649

55.4476451.9893

55.4916951.99704

55.5256251.94823

55.5684751.89883

55.5994351.85835

55.6434751.82561

56.0059751.79347

55.7268151.62264

55.7607451.73395

55.7952651.71669

55.8226451.68633

55.8595451.62859

55.8982451.52204

55.9452651.54823

55.9726451.51014

56.0101451.4893

56.0363351.44288

56.0607451.39645

56.1089551.36847

56.1315751.3149

56.1601451.2643

56.2452651.24109

56.2256251.1774

56.32851.15537

56.4964550.92323

56.2857451.06311

56.3172851.00121

56.3422850.96966

56.3857450.91073

56.4113350.87502

56.4172850.82502

56.4565750.7899

56.4631250.73275

56.4976450.67442

56.527450.60775

56.540550.55359

56.5726450.49883

56.5910950.45061

56.6107450.41013

56.6458550.3649

56.6660950.33037

56.6851450.29644

56.6982450.24406

56.7053850.20716

56.740550.1649

56.7440750.10061

56.7803850.03692

56.8196649.99347

56.8458649.92442

56.865549.8643

56.8750249.79109

56.8875249.71966

56.927449.65716

56.952449.59704

56.9684749.53454

56.9720549.46847

56.9827649.40894

56.9976449.35299

57.0035949.29049

57.0160949.19823

57.0351449.01252

57.039949.10299

57.0410949.04763

57.0422848.96728

57.039948.89585

57.0416948.85775

57.0285948.77978

57.0244348.6524

57.0178848.6649

57.0190748.56192

57.0083648.54704

56.97848.49406

56.9666948.44168

57.0958648.37859

56.9256248.30597

56.9190748.22799

56.8910948.18871

56.8785948.13633

56.8535948.06668

56.8184747.98633

56.7970547.92799

56.7500247.88752

56.7137147.82025

56.6690747.76192

56.5869347.69109

56.527447.61371

56.4535947.57204

56.3881247.43633

56.3137147.43811

56.2059747.36609

56.1166947.28811

56.0006247.21847

55.8607447.15894

55.7250247.09406

55.5494347.03454

55.37846.97085

55.2000246.90418

54.9869346.83752

54.7797846.7649

54.5303846.69049

54.27846.51668

54.1839546.56966

53.7202646.49466

53.415546.43097

53.0857346.33871

52.7131146.27323

52.301846.22561

51.8500246.15121

51.3452646.06013

50.7869245.97978

50.1702545.81787

49.5208545.82383

48.7315645.74525

47.864345.55597

46.864343.39883

45.4797836.66966

41.2071625.2012

25.2303620

18.963115

17.451210

16.591675

15.995240

15.53334

15.1512

14.83631

14.51608

14.26489

13.98453

13.74108

13.57024

13.39524

13.17798

12.95536

12.62619

11.52798

9.720242

7.943455

6.499407

5.423216

4.629763

3.989882

3.47143

3.030358

2.617858

2.224405

1.829167

1.433929

1.111905

1.018453

1.277977

0.978572

1.064881

1.041667

0.857738

0.827977

0.826786

0.772619

0.672024

0.386905

0.163691

0.100595

0.110119

0.120833

0.128572

0.111905

0.055952

0.02381

0

Mikroarmirani beton

Etalon

Strain - e (%)

Stress s (MPa)

spajic2

0000

19.8154816.666681.9815480.01666668

21.4107218.269242.1410720.01826924

23.0535817.948732.3053580.01794873

24.7976319.230782.4797630.01923078

26.476219.871812.647620.01987181

27.8571520.833352.7857150.02083335

31.2619222.11543.1261920.0221154

31.8095322.11543.1809530.0221154

31.7916821.474373.1791680.02147437

32.9047720.833353.2904770.02083335

35.1071522.756423.5107150.02275642

35.3333421.474373.5333340.02147437

36.476222.11543.647620.0221154

37.7678724.038483.7767870.02403848

39.214323.397453.921430.02339745

40.6071525.000024.0607150.02500002

41.827424.67954.182740.0246795

42.952425.961564.295240.02596156

44.3809725.961564.4380970.02596156

45.7857325.320534.5785730.02532053

47.2559725.320534.7255970.02532053

48.8631127.884634.8863110.02788463

50.3571628.205155.0357160.02820515

51.6309726.923095.1630970.02692309

53.2559729.48725.3255970.0294872

54.6964530.128225.4696450.03012822

56.4583530.448745.6458350.03044874

58.0535930.448745.8053590.03044874

59.6190731.089765.9619070.03108976

61.3393131.410286.1339310.03141028

63.1131233.653876.3113120.03365387

64.6964533.333356.4696450.03333335

66.3928833.974386.6392880.03397438

68.6071635.256436.8607160.03525643

70.190535.576957.019050.03557695

71.7143135.576957.1714310.03557695

73.6845535.576957.3684550.03557695

75.4166937.500027.5416690.03750002

76.9405137.500027.6940510.03750002

78.4821738.141057.8482170.03814105

80.3155138.141058.0315510.03814105

81.7381238.782088.1738120.03878208

83.2619339.42318.3261930.0394231

84.9226541.025678.4922650.04102567

86.6012241.025678.6601220.04102567

88.3512240.705158.8351220.04070515

90.1607441.346189.0160740.04134618

91.9107443.269269.1910740.04326926

93.6488443.910299.3648840.04391029

95.1964643.910299.5196460.04391029

96.8452744.23089.6845270.0442308

98.803643.589779.880360.04358977

100.386944.8718210.038690.04487182

102.416745.1923410.241670.04519234

104.053647.4359310.405360.04743593

105.714348.0769510.571430.04807695

107.535848.3974710.753580.04839747

109.339348.3974710.933930.04839747

111.172750.6410611.117270.05064106

113.065550.6410611.306550.05064106

114.964351.2820911.496430.05128209

116.690551.9231111.669050.05192311

118.476251.9231111.847620.05192311

120.422752.5641412.042270.05256414

122.446553.8461912.244650.05384619

124.083454.166712.408340.0541667

12655.7692712.60.05576927

127.809655.1282412.780960.05512824

129.636956.4102912.963690.05641029

131.714357.6923413.171430.05769234

133.291757.6923413.329170.05769234

135.077458.3333713.507740.05833337

136.892959.2949113.689290.05929491

138.75660.2564513.87560.06025645

140.553660.8974814.055360.06089748

142.523962.1795314.252390.06217953

144.202463.4615814.420240.06346158

146.017965.3846614.601790.06538466

147.946564.4231214.794650.06442312

149.785865.0641414.978580.06506414

151.791764.4231215.179170.06442312

153.607264.4231215.360720.06442312

155.595367.3077315.559530.06730773

157.01266.9872215.70120.06698722

158.476268.5897915.847620.06858979

161.172767.9487616.117270.06794876

161.303668.910316.130360.0689103

162.607270.5128616.260720.07051286

164.059670.1923516.405960.07019235

165.071569.8718416.507150.06987184

166.065570.8333816.606550.07083338

167.119173.7179916.711910.07371799

168.065573.0769716.806550.07307697

168.988273.0769716.898820.07307697

170.00675.3205617.00060.07532056

170.922773.7179917.092270.07371799

172.077475.3205617.207740.07532056

173.107275.6410817.310720.07564108

173.970376.6026217.397030.07660262

175.029876.6026217.502980.07660262

176.119177.2436417.611910.07724364

177.071577.8846717.707150.07788467

178.047777.5641617.804770.07756416

179.13178.2051817.91310.07820518

180.291777.5641618.029170.07756416

181.083478.8462118.108340.07884621

181.970380.1282618.197030.08012826

182.76278.2051818.27620.07820518

183.744178.5256918.374410.07852569

184.690579.4872318.469050.07948723

185.517980.1282618.551790.08012826

186.440582.3718518.644050.08237185

187.220380.4487718.722030.08044877

187.994181.089818.799410.0810898

188.851380.1282618.885130.08012826

189.553682.0513318.955360.08205133

190.494183.0128719.049410.08301287

194.220384.9359519.422030.08493595

192.446582.6923619.244650.08269236

193.059683.653919.305960.0836539

193.726382.6923619.372630.08269236

194.654883.9744119.465480.08397441

195.416783.653919.541670.0836539

196.285885.5769819.628580.08557698

197.267985.5769819.726790.08557698

198.01285.2564619.80120.08525646

198.970385.5769819.897030.08557698

199.839485.5769819.983940.08557698

200.541786.5385120.054170.08653851

201.577585.2564620.157750.08525646

202.327586.21820.232750.086218

203.291787.1795420.329170.08717954

205.904888.4615920.590480.08846159

204.869187.8205720.486910.08782057

205.827588.4615920.582750.08846159

206.595388.4615920.659530.08846159

207.500190.0641620.750010.09006416

208.482290.7051820.848220.09070518

209.303689.1026220.930360.08910262

210.029889.7436421.002980.08974364

210.988290.3846721.098820.09038467

212.00690.3846721.20060.09038467

212.601390.7051821.260130.09070518

213.464492.6282721.346440.09262827

214.38791.9872421.43870.09198724

215.523991.9872421.552390.09198724

216.196591.9872421.619650.09198724

217.017993.5898121.701790.09358981

217.696594.2308321.769650.09423083

218.642993.2692921.864290.09326929

219.553693.5898121.955360.09358981

220.357293.5898122.035720.09358981

221.232296.1539122.123220.09615391

222.160895.833422.216080.0958334

223.00696.1539122.30060.09615391

223.976395.833422.397630.0958334

224.815697.1154522.481560.09711545

225.666797.1154522.566670.09711545

229.113299.0385222.911320.09903852

228.2382100.320622.823820.1003206

228.404899.3590422.840480.09935904

229.065699.6795522.906560.09967955

230.000198.7180123.000010.09871801

230.952599.3590423.095250.09935904

231.9167100.320623.191670.1003206

232.6251100.320623.262510.1003206

233.5001100.961623.350010.1009616

234.2739100.641123.427390.1006411

235.2858100.641123.528580.1006411

236.2382100.961623.623820.1009616

237.1132102.884723.711320.1028847

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26.61191

26.68513

27.0387

27.23334

27.42977

27.6262

27.81906

28.02084

28.19703

28.4756

28.69882

28.93572

29.15477

29.38394

29.58691

29.83453

30.0756

30.30953

30.54346

30.77441

31.02739

31.27025

31.5018

31.73811

31.97084

32.20596

32.45239

32.67084

32.91311

33.04584

33.34584

33.52323

33.68156

33.82382

33.94227

34.04584

34.11608

34.17858

34.23275

34.28275

34.34585

34.39287

34.43811

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34.53513

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34.64346

34.69406

34.74942

34.80358

34.86073

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34.98037

35.05894

35.07204

35.16489

35.2268

35.27085

35.32323

35.39108

35.45716

35.43037

35.5512

35.66608

35.71966

35.78989

35.85656

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35.98275

36.04882

36.11192

36.17918

36.25716

36.33454

36.39049

36.48037

36.53394

36.61608

36.68156

36.74347

36.81847

36.87442

36.94644

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37.40299

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37.53692

37.6012

37.67025

37.73692

37.81311

37.89168

37.94406

38.01966

38.09525

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38.21966

38.30001

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38.95954

39.15001

39.22978

39.29228

39.3524

39.4262

39.50716

39.58156

39.63513

39.69585

39.77323

39.8399

39.90656

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40.04347

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40.62144

40.70537

40.77085

40.87978

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43.94823

44.1

44.05954

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46.9268

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47.08871

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47.54823

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48.23394

48.31311

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48.47502

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48.64168

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48.74823

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45.97978

45.81787

45.82383

45.74525

45.55597

43.39883

36.66966

25.2012

20

15

10

5

0

Mikroarmirani beton

Etalon

Dilatacija - e (%)

Napon s (MPa)

Uee pojedinih oblasti primene u ukupnoj proizvodnji SFRC u Nemakoj SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONA Mikroarmirani betoni - PRIMENA

SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONA Betoni visokih vrstoa (performansi)Visoka vrstoa (BAB-87): MB 60 MPa

Vrlo visoka vrstoa:

MB 100 MPa

Danas se dobijaju HPC(High Performance Concrete) koji bez problema premauju100 MPa, a mogu dadostignu i preko 800 MPa.

SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONA Betoni visokih vrstoa (performansi)Optiji termin: Betoni visokih performansi, s obzirom da se od ovih kompozita osim visokih (ili ultra-visokih) vrstoa obino zahtevaju i vee otpornosti na razliite uticaje (mraz, mraz+soli, habanje, abraziju, hemijsku koroziju, reoloke deformacije skupljanje i teenje,itd.), kao i poveana trajnost.Predmetni kompoziti se po svom sastavu razlikuju (u manjoj ili veoj meri) od klasinih betona tj. betona uobiajenih vrstoa (MB < 60 MPa). Primer 3 recepture za HPC, koje su spravljene na bazi domaih komponentnih materijala, daje se na sledeem slajdu.

SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONA Betoni visokih vrstoa - PRIMER

Sastav meavine(kg/m3)UHSC 1UHSC 2UHSC 3Cement9008501050Silikatna praina200185230Kvarcni pesak9501050900Superplastifikator283324elina vlakna330330300Voda205170185Vodovezivni faktor0.1860.1640.144

SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONA Betoni visokih vrstoa - PRIMER

Betonvrstoa pri pritisku [MPa]vrstoa pri zatezanju savijanjem

[MPa]2 dana7 dana28 dana2 dana7 dana28 danaUHSC 198.8125.6153.127.628.128.7UHSC 296.9135.6153.623.925.726.7UHSC 3103.1124.4155.023.125.328.1

SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONA Reciklirani betoni ( Construction and Demolition waste C&D waste) , , , ( , , - , , .) - . , , ( , ), . , () () . , ( , ), ( . ).

SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONA Reciklirani betoni '''' , . , (, , ), ( CO2 1 1 ). "3R" (Reduce, Recycle, Renew) . (Reduce), (Recycle) - (Renewable resource). : 1 m3 ( 2,3 m3 , 1,1 ).

SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONA Reciklirani betoni

SPECIJALNE VRSTE BETONA Reciklirani betoniBeton na bazi opekarskog loma, nakon ispitivanja na pritisak (a), odnosno na savijanje (b).a)b)

Specijalni betoni - Zeleni betonGreen buildings, Green materials, Sustainable development, Ecology, Energy Saving, Building efficiency, Greenization ...Odrednica green (zeleno) u sebi sadri veliki broj parametara: smanjenje potronje energije, zatitu ivotne sredine, kontrolu i iskorienje sekundarnih sirovina, poboljanje performansi, kontrolu kvaliteta, ali takoe i mogunost reciklae materijala nakon zavretka ivotnog veka objekta."Zelena zgrada" mora da zadovolji 3 osnovna uslova: da obezbedi smanjenje potronje energije (tokom izgradnje i eksploatacije),- da bude izgraena od ekolokih materijala koji mogu da se recikliraju,- da bude u skladu sa okruenjem i sa prirodom.U svetu se puno panje posveuje ovim problemima sastanak u Kopenhagenu krajem 2009. godine, kao nastavak protokola iz Kjotoa. Svaki materijal moe da bude zelen itavi kongresi posveeni su "zelenom" betonu.

GREEN BUILDINGS ???

Prototip pametne zgrade koja tedi energijuLow Energy Demo BuildingProjekat Univerziteta Tsinghua iz Pekinga u saradnji sa univerzitetima Tjencin (Kina), Delft (Holandija) i Palermo (Italija).Eksperimentalno se istrauju najnovije tehnologije vezane za energetsku efikasnost u oblastima projektovanja, izgradnje, novih materijala, fasade, uslova radne sredine, alternativnih izvora energije, ekosistema i elektronskog sistema upravljanja zgradom.

ematski prokaz zgrade i kljunih tehnologijaPrimenjene tehnologije:elina konstrukcija,Inteligentna fasada koja se prilagoava spoljanjim uslovima,Prirodna ventilacija, automatska kontrola T i H, mala potronja E,Dvoslojna staklena fasada, korienje solarne energije,Zeleni krov i zeleni materijali,Inteligentna zgrada kojom se upravlja pomou raunara.

Neki detaljiSolarni kolektori sa optikim kablovimaPodne ploe od specijalnih kompozita koji imaju visok toplotni kapacitet