teens and tobacco. objectives identify 3 factors that influence teens’ decisions about tobacco use...
TRANSCRIPT
Teens and Tobacco
Objectives
• Identify 3 factors that influence teens’ decisions about tobacco use
• Describe the various forms of tobacco products
DO NOW• What does this graph reveal about the
popularity of smoking among teenage smokers?
Then vs. Now
• Your parents lived in a much smokier environment
• People smoked on planes, in movie theatres, restaurants, and at work
• Today we know A LOT more about the dangers of smoking
• As a result, tobacco use has fallen• It is not as socially acceptable as it once was
1960s 2010s
Why Teens Use Tobacco
• Friends• Family• Media
Influence of Friends
• Most people who become addicted start in their teens
• Teens that have friends who smoke are more likely to start themselves
• Peer pressure• If a teen has friends that do not smoke, they are
less likely to start• Most teens credit their friends for helping them
resist the urge to smoke
Influence of Family
• Family may have warned you about the dangers of tobacco
• Positive role models• Children of smokers are much more likely to
start smoking, even if their parents discourage them
• They see smoking as a behavior related to adulthood
• They assume they will use tobacco just like their parents
Influence of Media
• ANTI-tobacco ads may have influenced you to not smoke
• You most likely have heard the dangers of smoking on TV or in a magazine
Joe Camel
Marlboro Man
Cartoons
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Tobacco Products
• Made from dried, processed leaves of the tobacco plant
• They produce a chemical that acts as an insecticide
• Nicotine• Very addictive• In pure liquid form it is extremely poisonous– Infant deaths
Products That Are Smoked
• When the tobacco is processed for these products, preservatives, flavorings, and other substances may be added, some of which contribute to the harmful effects of smoking
• Cigarettes• E-Cigarettes • Cigar Tobacco• Pipe Tobacco
Smokeless Tobacco
• Tobacco that is chewed, placed between the lower lip and teeth, or sniffed through the nose
• Contains many of the same chemicals found in tobacco smoke, including nicotine
• Chewing tobacco – “dip” or “chew”– Poor quality, ground tobacco, mixed with flavors,
preservatives, and chemicals• Snuff– Finely ground, powdered tobacco– Mouth or sniffed through nose
Vocabulary
• Nicotine – an extremely addictive chemical in tobacco products.
• Smokeless Tobacco – tobacco products that are chewed, placed between the lower lip and teeth, or sniffed.
Vocabulary
• Chewing Tobacco – a smokeless tobacco product that consists of poor-quality, ground tobacco leaves and is placed between the gum and cheek.
• Snuff – a smokeless tobacco product that consists of dry or moist powder. It may be placed between the lower lip and teeth or sniffed.
CHEMICALS IN TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Vocabulary
• Stimulant – drug that increases the activity of the nervous system
• Tar – the dark, sticky substance that forms when tobacco burns
• Carcinogen – cancer causing agents• Carbon Monoxide – an odorless,
poisonous gas produced when tobacco is burned
Nicotine’s Short Term Effects
• Increased heart rate• Increased blood pressure• Changes in the brain that may lead to
addiction
Nicotine Addiction
• People rely on tobacco for feelings of alertness and pleasure
• Ongoing use leads to the development of a tolerance
• Therefore, the more a person uses tobacco, the bigger their tolerance will become
• This will eventually lead to nicotine addiction
Nicotine Withdrawal
• If a nicotine addict goes without nicotine for even a short while, he or she may experience withdrawal symptoms
• Symptoms include:– Headaches– Irritability– Difficulty sleeping– Inability to concentrate– Intense nicotine cravings
What’s in a Cigarette?
• There are approximately 600 ingredients in cigarettes• When burned, they create more than 4,000 chemicals• At least 50 of these chemicals are known to cause
cancer, and many are poisonous• Many of these chemicals are also found in consumer
products, but these products have warning labels• While the public is warned about the danger of the
poisons in these products, there is no such warning for the toxins in tobacco smoke
Here are a few of the chemicals in tobacco smoke, and other places they are found…
• Acetone – found in nail polish remover
• Acetic Acid – an ingredient in hair dye
• Ammonia – a common household cleaner
• Arsenic – used in rat poison • Benzene – found in rubber
cement • Butane – used in lighter fluid • Cadmium – active component in
battery acid • Carbon Monoxide – released in
car exhaust fumes
• Formaldehyde – embalming fluid
• Hexamine – found in barbecue lighter fluid
• Lead – used in batteries • Napthalene – an ingredient in
moth balls • Methanol – a main component
in rocket fuel • Nicotine – used as insecticide • Tar – material for paving roads • Toluene - used to manufacture
paint
Short Term Effects of These Chemicals
• Brown stains on fingers and teeth• Smelly hair and clothes• Bad breath• Receding gums and tooth decay• Paralysis of cilia lining the airways• Increased respiratory infections (colds, flu)• Impaired lung function (reduced athletic
ability)
RISKS OF TOBACCO USE
Vocabulary
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) – a disease that results in gradual loss of lung function
• Chronic Bronchitis – a condition in which the bronchi in the lungs are constantly swollen and clogged with mucus
• Emphysema – a disorder in which damaged alveoli in the lungs can no longer take in adequate oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide
Vocabulary
• Leukoplakia – white patches on the tongue or lining of the mouth that may become cancerous
• Mainstream Smoke – smoke that is exhaled from a smokers lungs
• Sidestream Smoke – smoke that goes directly into the air from a burning tobacco product
• Secondhand Smoke – a combination of mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke
Long Term Risks
• Tobacco is the leading cause of preventable death in the US
• Cigarette smoking is responsible for 400,000 deaths a year in the US
• Tobacco users increase their risk of developing respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and several forms of cancer
Respiratory Diseases
• “Smoker’s Cough”• Results from damage done by tar• Tar sticks to the cilia in the in the respiratory
tract and prevent them from moving• This results in mucus and particles to be pushed
into the lungs instead of the throat to be swallowed
• The cough comes from trying to clear the airway
Respiratory Diseases
• Tobacco smoke and other toxins also irritate the lining of the bronchi
• The bronchi are tubes that carry air between the trachea and the lungs
• They become inflamed• This restricts the amount of air let into the
lungs
Smoking Also Leads To…
• Increased risk of stomach ulcers• Slower healing of injuries• Increased colds and flu• Increased allergies and asthma• A constant runny nose• Frequent headaches• Dulled sense of taste and smell• Premature wrinkling
Cardiovascular Disease
• Diseases of the heart and blood• Kills 140,000 smokers a year• The combined effects of nicotine, tar, and
carbon monoxide force the cardiovascular system to work harder to deliver oxygen throughout the body
Cardiovascular Disease
• A smoker is 3 times more likely than a nonsmoker to have a heart attack
• Cigarette smoking doubles a persons chances of having a stroke
• Smokers are 10 times more likely to develop circulation problems in blood vessels that carry blood to the entire body
Cancer
• Tobacco use is a major factor in the development of lung cancer, oral cancers, and several other cancers
Lung Cancer
• Leading cause of cancer death for men and women
• 85% of lung cancer deaths are related to smoking
• By the time most lung cancers are diagnosed, successful treatment is unlikely
• Only 15% of lung cancer patients survive for more than 5 years
Oral Cancer
• Cancer of the mouth, tongue, and throat• 90% of oral cancers occur from people using
tobacco• The survival rate is higher than lung cancer• However, surgery to remove the cancer can be
disfiguring
Other Cancers
• Tobacco users also have an increased risk of cancers of the:– Esophagus– Larynx– Stomach– Kidneys– Pancreas– Bladder– Blood– Other sites
Secondhand Smoke
• Long term exposure to secondhand smoke can cause cardiovascular disease, many respiratory problems, and cancer
• Secondhand smoke causes 50,000 deaths from heart attacks and lung cancer each year
• Each year, secondhand smoke contributes to about 300,000 respiratoryinfections in children youngerthan 18 months
Avoiding Secondhand Smoke
• Laws now prohibit or restrict smoking in many public places and workplaces
• As smoking becomes less socially acceptable, it will become less common
• Ask smokers not to smoke around you• Be FIRM when telling guests they cannot
smoke in your house or car• Pick restaurants that do not allow smoking!
Tobacco Use and Pregnancy
• Pregnant women who smoke put their babies at risk for many health problems– Increases the baby’s heart rate– Reduces the baby’s oxygen supply– Slows cell growth
• Babies born to smokers weigh about 6 ounces less than the babies of nonsmokers
• Low birth weight can lead to:– Cerebral palsy, sight impairment, hearing
problems, learning difficulties
Tobacco Use and Pregnancy
• Pregnant women who smoke have higher rates of miscarriages, premature births, and stillbirths
• Babies who’s mother smokes is also at risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDs)– When a healthy baby suddenly dies, usually while
sleeping
SAYING NO TO TOBACCO
Vocabulary
• Nicotine substitute – a product such as a gum, patch, spray, or inhaler that contains nicotine and is designed to help a person quit tobacco use
• Sticking to your decision not to use tobacco involves being able to say no clearly and with confidence
• Do not assume that you can start using tobacco now and just stop when you want
• Studies show that most teens have a more difficult time quitting than people who start using as adults
Benefits of Quitting
• The health benefits of quitting begin immediately and continue through life
• Society also benefits every time someone quits
Changes in a Smoker’s Body After QuittingFIRST DAYS• After 20 minutes– BP and HR return to normal– Temperature of hands and feet increases to normal
• After 8 hours– O2 and Carbon Monoxide levels return to normal
• After 24 hours– Risk of sudden heart attack decreases
• After 48 hours– Senses of taste and smell start to improve
AFTER 3 MONTHS• Circulation improves• Lung function improvesAFTER 9 MONTHS• Coughing and nasal congestion diminish• Respiratory infections are less frequent• Energy level increasesAFTER 1 YEAR• Risk of heart disease is half that of a current
smoker
AFTER 5 YEARS• Stroke risk is the same as a non smoker• Risk of mouth and throat cancer is half that of
a current smokerAFTER 10 YEARS• Lung cancer death rate is about half the rate
of a current smoker• Life expectancy is comparable to a nonsmoker
Tips For Quitting
• The most important factor in successfully quitting tobacco is a strong personal commitment
• No single method works best for everyone• Quitting is most difficult during the first week
or 2 after that last cigarette – Nicotine withdrawal
Nicotine Substitutes
• Aid in quitting cigarettes• Contains nicotine, but not the other harmful
products in cigarettes• By slowly cutting back on the amount of
nicotine, a person can reduce withdrawal symptoms
• Most Common Gum and Patches• Others Sprays and Inhalers • Still exposed to nicotine• Never use along with tobacco products!
