Teddy Roosevelt:The Square Deal

The Progressive Era

Promoting social welfare

Promoting moral improvement

Creating economic reform

Fostering efficiency

Roosevelt’s Rise

Born into a wealthy familyAsthma sufferer as a child

Drove himself to accomplish demanding physical feats Marksmanship, horseback riding (he even wrestled and boxed at

Harvard)

Roosevelt’s political career took off at an early age. Holding multiple offices at the State level in New York.

Grabbed national attention advocating war against Spain in 1898.

His volunteer Calvary brigade, The Rough Riders, won public acclaim for its role in the battle at San Juan Hill in Cuba. Roosevelt returned a hero and was soon elected governor of New

York.

Roosevelt: A Rough Riding President

Impossible to Control

New York did not want Roosevelt in State Office

In 1900, he was encouraged to run as McKinley’s Vice President However, when McKinley was assassinated in his

second term Roosevelt became President, the most powerful man in United States government.

The Modern Presidency

Roosevelt acted boldly (just as he had in his childhood)

His Leadership and Publicity Campaigns helped create the Modern Presidency Making Roosevelt a model by which all future Presidents would

be judged.Roosevelt believed in federal responsibility and a

strong central government. If the states could not perform their duties the President (along

with the rest of the Federal government) would step in“It is the duty of the president to act upon the theory that he is the steward of the people, and…to assume that he has the legal right to do whatever the needs of the people demand, unless the Constitution or the laws explicitly forbid him to do it.”

Using Federal Power

Through Roosevelt’s 44 books about history, he was convinced that the U.S. needed a strong federal government.

“A simple and poor society can exist as a democracy on the basis of sheer individualism, but a rich and complex industrial society cannot so exist.”

-Teddy Roosevelt

Trustbusting

By 1900, Trusts controlled 4/5 of the industries in the United States

Some had poor reputations while others maintained good reputations

Sherman Antitrust act ineffectiveRoosevelt ordered the Justice Department to sue

the Northern Securities Company which had established a monopoly over the Northwestern Railroads

The Roosevelt administration filed 44 antitrust suits; however they were unable to slow the merger movement of business.

Miners Mine Operators

Demanded: 20% raise 9-hour workday Right to organize

union

Refused to BargainSeen by Roosevelt

as: Extraordinarily stupid

and bad tempered

1902 Coal Strike

The Miners receive a 10% raise, a 9-hour workday, and they must all belong to a union. They, however, cannot strike for three years.

Railroad Regulation

Interstate Commerce Act

Elkins Act of 1903

Hepburn Act of 1906

Regulating Food and Drugs

The Jungle by Upton Sinclair

Meat Inspection Act

Pure Food and Drug Act

Conservation of Natural Resources

Roosevelt realizes that America’s resources are not endless

Gifford Pinchot

Conservation

National Reclamation Act of 1902

Newspaper Articles

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