technology transfer and innovation management. s.b.rajbhandary
TRANSCRIPT
Technology Transfer and Innovation Management.
• S.B.Rajbhandary
Cost reduction of Tissue culture plants
• Tissue culture plants of floricultural, horticultural and tree species are commercially produced in tens of millions in tissue culture factories over the last three decades.
• The application of the technology lags far behind its potential because of high production cost of tissue culture plants.
• One major factor that entails the high production cost of tissue culture plant is in vitro rooting. In vitro rooting is reported to account 30 to 70 % of the total production cost.
• A simple and efficient rooting of micro shoots in the non-sterile sand has been developed in Nepal such that the production cost of tissue culture plant is reduced significantly.
In vitro rooting costs 30-70 % of production cost
Professor Murashige
May 8, 1989
Referred as father of commercial tissue culture.
Technology Transfer
• Prof. Murashige started classes on tissue culture to nurserymen, horticulture teachers and amateur plant enthusiasts in 1969.
• The classes served as a basis for establishment of commercial laboratories.
• One trainee converted the garage into tissue culture laboratory.
Professor Murashige
Prof.Murashige had recommended
ex vitro rooting for cost reduction in 1974
We told him we worked on the problem
and developed sand rooting
He was inquisitive and asked me if we
put any chemical in the sand
Banana tissue culture
• Tissue culture of banana in Nepal began in 1989.
• In one year some 4000 tc plants of william hybrid were produced and given to farmers.
• Technology passed on to tissue culture factories.
• Over one million tc plants sold to farmers.
Banana
8-12 weeks cultures
Sand rooting
Sand rooted in 6 weeks
Just before packing
Packed plantsWorld price US $ 1-2 each
Nepal price five plants for US $ 1
Some one million banana tc plants have been sold to farmers in Nepal in ten years.
William hybrid
Introduced from Israel in 1982
Fingers per plant 150
Gestation period 12-14 months
Plant height 9-12 ft
Size of finger 10 inch
Weight of finger 200 g
yield of banana tc plant and conventional sucker ton/ha
tc sucker yr
Nepal 30 15 1997
Kenya 45 20 2005
Potato tissue culture
• Appropriate Technology International, USA, an international NGO, trained the farmers in sand rooting technique of producing potato tissue culture plants in 1992-93.
• Hundreds of farmers of Nala and Panauti produced tc potato plants by rooting microshoots in sand in their polyhouse.
•
Sieved sand
Sand-rooting of microshoots by trainees
Sand rooted cutting Tubers from tissue culture plant
Cost of tissue culture plant
The cost to the farmer for the microshoots was less than US $ 0.02 each
The cost of potato potato tc plant was quoted US $ 0.50 each in Oregon USA in 2003.
Polyhouse at farmer’s field
Light, temperature and humidity are critical for rooting of microshoots
1993, December 5
Tc potato plants produced by farmers
Field planted tissue culture plants
MS42.3 and Kufrijyoti
Potato farmers at Nala
Production of tc potato plant
• Nepal with the present potato cultivated in over one hundred and fifty thousand hectares produces 11 ton per hectare that is well below the world average of 16 ton per hectare. This low yield is generally attributed to the poor seed tuber quality. Thus, Nepal needs some 6 million tissue culture plants annually to produce 6 billion tubers of third generation to cover the potato plantation. This is achievable using sand rooting technique.
One test tube plant, Nara var from Japan in 1991
Tissue culture factories sold thousands of tc plants to farmers in late 1990s
strawberry
Tens of hectares covered with strawberry in Kakani producing fruits in tons
Initiation of strawberry tissue culture coincides with extension of field cultivation
Strawberry vendors at New Road, March 27, 06
,
Packed plants survived air transport to Japan, USA IndiaOne kg of packed box contains 500 tc plants
carnation
Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Tc sapling 12 week old Planted in 1987
Six years old in 1993, 80 cm
In Sagarnath thousands of hectares are planted but average yield is 12ton/ha whereas the yield increase could be over 50ton/ha based on the observation of the growth of this tree in 17 years, 2.4cm diameter increase per year
• Thank you