technology in action chapter 1 what is computer fluency? what is computer literacy? to be computer...

Technology In Action Chapter 1

What is Computer Fluency?What is Computer Fluency?What is Computer Literacy?What is Computer Literacy?What is Computer Fluency?What is Computer Fluency?What is Computer Literacy?What is Computer Literacy?

• To be computer fluent you must:To be computer fluent you must:– Understand a computer’s capabilities and limitationsUnderstand a computer’s capabilities and limitations– Know how to use a computerKnow how to use a computer

• To be computer fluent you must:To be computer fluent you must:– Understand a computer’s capabilities and limitationsUnderstand a computer’s capabilities and limitations– Know how to use a computerKnow how to use a computer


Being a Savvy Computer User and Being a Savvy Computer User and ConsumerConsumer

Being a Savvy Computer User and Being a Savvy Computer User and ConsumerConsumer

• Avoid hackers and virusesAvoid hackers and viruses• Protect your privacyProtect your privacy• Use the Internet wiselyUse the Internet wisely• Maintain your computerMaintain your computer• Make good purchase decisionsMake good purchase decisions• Keep abreast of changes in technologyKeep abreast of changes in technology

• Avoid hackers and virusesAvoid hackers and viruses• Protect your privacyProtect your privacy• Use the Internet wiselyUse the Internet wisely• Maintain your computerMaintain your computer• Make good purchase decisionsMake good purchase decisions• Keep abreast of changes in technologyKeep abreast of changes in technology

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Screen with virusScreen with virus


Preparing for Your CareerPreparing for Your CareerPreparing for Your CareerPreparing for Your Career

• Computer careers in:Computer careers in:– BusinessBusiness– The ArtsThe Arts– The Medical FieldThe Medical Field– Law EnforcementLaw Enforcement– Legal FieldsLegal Fields– EducationEducation– The SciencesThe Sciences– GamingGaming– HomesHomes

• Computer careers in:Computer careers in:– BusinessBusiness– The ArtsThe Arts– The Medical FieldThe Medical Field– Law EnforcementLaw Enforcement– Legal FieldsLegal Fields– EducationEducation– The SciencesThe Sciences– GamingGaming– HomesHomes

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Computers in BusinessComputers in BusinessComputers in BusinessComputers in Business

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Tracking merchandiseTracking merchandise

Data miningData mining

•Point of Sale TerminalsPoint of Sale Terminals


Computers in the ArtsComputers in the ArtsComputers in the ArtsComputers in the Arts

• Virtual artVirtual art• Virtual danceVirtual dance

• Virtual artVirtual art• Virtual danceVirtual dance

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Computers in the Medical Field Computers in the Medical Field Computers in the Medical Field Computers in the Medical Field

• Patient simulatorPatient simulator• Da Vinci Surgical SystemDa Vinci Surgical System

• Patient simulatorPatient simulator• Da Vinci Surgical SystemDa Vinci Surgical System

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Computers in Law EnforcementComputers in Law EnforcementComputers in Law EnforcementComputers in Law Enforcement

• Computer forensicsComputer forensics• Computer forensicsComputer forensics

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Computers in the Legal FieldsComputers in the Legal FieldsComputers in the Legal FieldsComputers in the Legal Fields

• Surveillance camerasSurveillance cameras• Forensic animationForensic animation

• Surveillance camerasSurveillance cameras• Forensic animationForensic animation

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Computers in EducationComputers in EducationComputers in EducationComputers in Education

• Computer technology Computer technology in the classroomin the classroom

• Computer technology Computer technology in the classroomin the classroom

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Computers and the SciencesComputers and the SciencesComputers and the SciencesComputers and the Sciences

• SupercomputersSupercomputers• ArchaeologyArchaeology

– Mummy of NesperennubMummy of Nesperennub

• SupercomputersSupercomputers• ArchaeologyArchaeology

– Mummy of NesperennubMummy of Nesperennub

Skull of Nesperennub scanned in its painted case

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Computer Gaming CareersComputer Gaming CareersComputer Gaming CareersComputer Gaming Careers

• ProgrammingProgramming• 3D animation3D animation

• ProgrammingProgramming• 3D animation3D animation

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Computers at HomeComputers at HomeComputers at HomeComputers at Home

• RoboticsRobotics• Smart appliancesSmart appliances

• RoboticsRobotics• Smart appliancesSmart appliances

Robomower

Internet-connected refrigerator

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Technology of TomorrowTechnology of TomorrowTechnology of TomorrowTechnology of Tomorrow

• Nanotechnology

• Biomedical Chip Implants

• Artificial IntelligenceArtificial Intelligence

• Nanotechnology

• Biomedical Chip Implants

• Artificial IntelligenceArtificial Intelligence

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NanotechnologyNanotechnologyNanotechnologyNanotechnology

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Nanotechnology is the science revolving around the use of nanostructures to build devices on extremely small scale.


Biomedical Chip ImplantsBiomedical Chip ImplantsBiomedical Chip ImplantsBiomedical Chip Implants

• Technological solutions to Technological solutions to physical problemsphysical problems

• Identity chipsIdentity chips

• Technological solutions to Technological solutions to physical problemsphysical problems

• Identity chipsIdentity chipsRetinal Implants

VeriChip

Uses Radio Wave

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Artificial IntelligenceArtificial IntelligenceArtificial IntelligenceArtificial Intelligence

• RobotsRobots• Human Brain & MicrochipsHuman Brain & Microchips

• RobotsRobots• Human Brain & MicrochipsHuman Brain & Microchips

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Challenges Facing a Digital SocietyChallenges Facing a Digital SocietyChallenges Facing a Digital SocietyChallenges Facing a Digital Society

• Privacy risksPrivacy risks• Personal data collectionPersonal data collection• SpamSpam• Software piracySoftware piracy• Copyright infringementCopyright infringement• Computer use ethicsComputer use ethics

• Privacy risksPrivacy risks• Personal data collectionPersonal data collection• SpamSpam• Software piracySoftware piracy• Copyright infringementCopyright infringement• Computer use ethicsComputer use ethics

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Becoming Computer FluentBecoming Computer FluentBecoming Computer FluentBecoming Computer Fluent

• Data processingData processing• Bits and bytesBits and bytes• Computer hardwareComputer hardware• Computer softwareComputer software• Specialty computersSpecialty computers

• Data processingData processing• Bits and bytesBits and bytes• Computer hardwareComputer hardware• Computer softwareComputer software• Specialty computersSpecialty computers

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What does it mean to be What does it mean to be “computer fluent”? “computer fluent”?

What does it mean to be What does it mean to be “computer fluent”? “computer fluent”?

If you are computer fluent, you understand the capabilities and limitations of computers and know how to use them wisely.

Being computer fluent also enables you to make informed purchasing decisions; use computers in your career; take advantage of future technologies; and grasp the ethical, legal, and societal implications of technology.


How does being computer fluent make How does being computer fluent make you a savvy computer user and you a savvy computer user and

consumer?consumer?

How does being computer fluent make How does being computer fluent make you a savvy computer user and you a savvy computer user and

consumer?consumer?

By understanding how a computer is constructed and how its parts function, you’ll be able to:• better avoid hackers, viruses, and

Internet headaches; protect your privacy; separate yourself from real risks; maintain, upgrade, and trouble-shoot your computer; and make good purchasing decisions.


How can becoming computer How can becoming computer fluent help you in a career? fluent help you in a career?

How can becoming computer How can becoming computer fluent help you in a career? fluent help you in a career?

As computers become more a part of our daily lives, it is difficult to imagine any career that does not use computers in some fashion.

Understanding how to use computers effectively will help you be a more productive employee, no matter what profession you choose.


How can becoming computer fluent How can becoming computer fluent help you understand and take help you understand and take

advantage of future technologies? advantage of future technologies?

How can becoming computer fluent How can becoming computer fluent help you understand and take help you understand and take

advantage of future technologies? advantage of future technologies?

By understanding computers and how they work today, you’ll be better able to take advantage of and understand the technologies of tomorrow.


What kinds of challenges do computers bring to a What kinds of challenges do computers bring to a digital society and how does becoming computer digital society and how does becoming computer

fluent help you deal with these challenges?fluent help you deal with these challenges?

What kinds of challenges do computers bring to a What kinds of challenges do computers bring to a digital society and how does becoming computer digital society and how does becoming computer

fluent help you deal with these challenges?fluent help you deal with these challenges?

Computers pose ethical, legal, and moral challenges and questions. Being computer fluent enables you to form educated opinions on these issues.


Computers are Data Computers are Data Processing DevicesProcessing Devices

Computers are Data Computers are Data Processing DevicesProcessing Devices

• Four major functions:Four major functions:– Input dataInput data– Process dataProcess data– Output informationOutput information– Store data and informationStore data and information

• Four major functions:Four major functions:– Input dataInput data– Process dataProcess data– Output informationOutput information– Store data and informationStore data and information

DATA IN

INFORMATION OUT

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INFORMATION stored


Data vs. InformationData vs. InformationData vs. InformationData vs. Information

DataData• WordsWords

• NumbersNumbers• PicturesPictures• SoundsSounds

DataData• WordsWords

• NumbersNumbers• PicturesPictures• SoundsSounds

InformationInformation• OrganizedOrganized

• Presented in a Presented in a meaningful waymeaningful way

InformationInformation• OrganizedOrganized

• Presented in a Presented in a meaningful waymeaningful way

6165553297 Process (616) 555-3297


Bits and Bytes: The Language of Bits and Bytes: The Language of ComputersComputers

Bits and Bytes: The Language of Bits and Bytes: The Language of ComputersComputers

• BitBit– Binary digitBinary digit– 0 or 10 or 1

• ByteByte– Eight bitsEight bits– Represent letters, Represent letters,

numbers, and special numbers, and special characterscharacters

• BitBit– Binary digitBinary digit– 0 or 10 or 1

• ByteByte– Eight bitsEight bits– Represent letters, Represent letters,

numbers, and special numbers, and special characterscharacters

OFF

0ON

1Microchip Switch

10 0 001 1

= 40

0 0 0 0 01 1

= A0

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ASCII code


How Much is a Byte?How Much is a Byte?How Much is a Byte?How Much is a Byte?NAME ABBREVIATION NUMBER OF BYTES RELATIVE SIZE

Byte B 1 byte Can hold one character of data.

Kilobyte KB 1,024 bytes Can hold 1,024 characters or about half of a typewritten page double-spaced.

Megabyte MB 1,048,576 bytes A floppy disk holds approximately 1.4 MB of data, or approximately 768 pages of typed text.

Gigabyte GB 1,073,741,824 bytes

Approximately 786,432 pages of text. Since 500 sheets of paper is approximately 2 inches, this represents a stack of paper 262 feet high.

Terabyte TB 1,099,511,627,776 bytes

This represents a stack of typewritten pages almost 51 miles high.

Petabyte PB 1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes

The stack of pages is now 52,000 miles high, or about one-fourth the distance from the Earth to the moon.


Computer HardwareComputer HardwareComputer HardwareComputer Hardware

• Input devicesInput devices• System unitSystem unit• Output devicesOutput devices• Storage devicesStorage devices

• Input devicesInput devices• System unitSystem unit• Output devicesOutput devices• Storage devicesStorage devices

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Th

e rain in

Sp

ain

Input DevicesInput DevicesInput DevicesInput Devices

• Enter data to be processedEnter data to be processed– TextText– ImagesImages– Sound Sound – VideoVideo

• Enter data to be processedEnter data to be processed– TextText– ImagesImages– Sound Sound – VideoVideo

A BCD

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System UnitSystem UnitSystem UnitSystem Unit

• Processes data into usable informationProcesses data into usable information• Processes data into usable informationProcesses data into usable information

System Unit

CPU

MotherboardMemory Module

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Output DevicesOutput DevicesOutput DevicesOutput Devices

• Enable us to see or hear the processed Enable us to see or hear the processed informationinformation

• Enable us to see or hear the processed Enable us to see or hear the processed informationinformation

Monitor

Speaker

PrinterNEXT SLIDE


Storage DevicesStorage DevicesStorage DevicesStorage Devices

• Enable us to store data or information to Enable us to store data or information to be accessed again be accessed again

• Enable us to store data or information to Enable us to store data or information to be accessed again be accessed again

Hard Disk Drive CD / DVD DriveFloppy Disk Drive

Flash DriveNEXT SLIDE


Input DevicesInput DevicesInput DevicesInput Devices

• A device that receives information from A device that receives information from the outside worldthe outside world– KeyboardKeyboard– MouseMouse– ScannerScanner

What other input devices can you think of?What other input devices can you think of?

• A device that receives information from A device that receives information from the outside worldthe outside world– KeyboardKeyboard– MouseMouse– ScannerScanner

What other input devices can you think of?What other input devices can you think of?


Output DevicesOutput DevicesOutput DevicesOutput Devices

• Sends information from the computer to Sends information from the computer to the outside worldthe outside world– DisplayDisplay– PrinterPrinter

What other output devices can you think of?What other output devices can you think of?

• Sends information from the computer to Sends information from the computer to the outside worldthe outside world– DisplayDisplay– PrinterPrinter

What other output devices can you think of?What other output devices can you think of?


How are components connected?How are components connected?How are components connected?How are components connected?

CPU RAMDiskKeyboardMonitor

Bus


Organization of a Computer Organization of a Computer SystemSystem

Organization of a Computer Organization of a Computer SystemSystem

CentralProcessing

Unit

MainMemory

InputDevice

OutputDevice

SecondaryStorage


What does the What does the ““brainbrain”” look like? look like? What does the What does the ““brainbrain”” look like? look like?

processor chip

adapter cards

memory chips

memory slots

motherboard

Expansionslots for adapter cards


The CPUThe CPUThe CPUThe CPU

• Fetches instructionsFetches instructions• Carries out the operations commanded by Carries out the operations commanded by

the instructionsthe instructions• Produces some outcome or resultant Produces some outcome or resultant

informationinformation• The instructions are part of a The instructions are part of a programprogram

stored as stored as binary numbersbinary numbers

• Fetches instructionsFetches instructions• Carries out the operations commanded by Carries out the operations commanded by

the instructionsthe instructions• Produces some outcome or resultant Produces some outcome or resultant

informationinformation• The instructions are part of a The instructions are part of a programprogram

stored as stored as binary numbersbinary numbers


Main MemoryMain MemoryMain MemoryMain Memory

• Commonly known as RAM Commonly known as RAM (Random Access Memory)(Random Access Memory)

• Consists of sequentially numbered storage Consists of sequentially numbered storage locationslocations

• In most contemporary computers, each In most contemporary computers, each location can store 8 bits, called a location can store 8 bits, called a bytebyte

• RAM is normally a RAM is normally a volatilevolatile storage medium storage medium

• Commonly known as RAM Commonly known as RAM (Random Access Memory)(Random Access Memory)

• Consists of sequentially numbered storage Consists of sequentially numbered storage locationslocations

• In most contemporary computers, each In most contemporary computers, each location can store 8 bits, called a location can store 8 bits, called a bytebyte

• RAM is normally a RAM is normally a volatilevolatile storage medium storage medium


Source => ObjectSource => ObjectSource => ObjectSource => ObjectUser/programmer writescomputer program in high-level programming language

Translator program converts high-level language code into machine-readable code

Computer processes object (machine) code and produces the desired results

SOURCE CODE

Compiler OR

Interpretter

OBJECT CODE


The Language Translation ProcessThe Language Translation ProcessThe Language Translation ProcessThe Language Translation Process

011010010011010010010010001111100

TranslatorSoftwareCompiler

(a+b) / 2

Source Code Object Code

High-levelLanguage

MachineLanguage

A single expression in a high-level language (a+b/2) usually requires several primitive operations in the machine language.


Software: Two Broad Categories Software: Two Broad Categories Software: Two Broad Categories Software: Two Broad Categories

• System softwareSystem software– Operating systemOperating system

• Application softwareApplication software– Word processorWord processor– SpreadsheetsSpreadsheets– Photo editorsPhoto editors

• System softwareSystem software– Operating systemOperating system

• Application softwareApplication software– Word processorWord processor– SpreadsheetsSpreadsheets– Photo editorsPhoto editors


The Operating SystemThe Operating SystemThe Operating SystemThe Operating System

• Bridge between hardware and Bridge between hardware and softwaresoftware

• Provides user interfaceProvides user interface• Platform specificPlatform specific• Varies between Macintosh and PCVaries between Macintosh and PC• Definition of OS

• Bridge between hardware and Bridge between hardware and softwaresoftware

• Provides user interfaceProvides user interface• Platform specificPlatform specific• Varies between Macintosh and PCVaries between Macintosh and PC• Definition of OS


Computer Platforms: PCs and MacsComputer Platforms: PCs and MacsComputer Platforms: PCs and MacsComputer Platforms: PCs and Macs

PCPC• CPU – Intel, AMDCPU – Intel, AMD• Operating system – Operating system –

Microsoft WindowsMicrosoft Windows

PCPC• CPU – Intel, AMDCPU – Intel, AMD• Operating system – Operating system –

Microsoft WindowsMicrosoft Windows

MacMac• CPU – MotorolaCPU – Motorola• Operating system – Operating system –

Apple Mac OSApple Mac OS

MacMac• CPU – MotorolaCPU – Motorola• Operating system – Operating system –

Apple Mac OSApple Mac OS

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Specialty ComputersSpecialty ComputersSpecialty ComputersSpecialty Computers

• PDAPDA• ServerServer• MainframeMainframe• Supercomputer Supercomputer

• PDAPDA• ServerServer• MainframeMainframe• Supercomputer Supercomputer

Server

Mainframe

Supercomputer

PDA

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Chapter 1 Summary QuestionsChapter 1 Summary QuestionsChapter 1 Summary QuestionsChapter 1 Summary Questions

• What does it mean to be “computer fluent”?What does it mean to be “computer fluent”?• What is a savvy computer user and consumer?What is a savvy computer user and consumer?• How can becoming computer fluent help you in a How can becoming computer fluent help you in a

career?career?• What are some future technologies?What are some future technologies?• What kinds of challenges do computers bring to What kinds of challenges do computers bring to

societysociety• What are a computer’s four main functions?What are a computer’s four main functions?

• What does it mean to be “computer fluent”?What does it mean to be “computer fluent”?• What is a savvy computer user and consumer?What is a savvy computer user and consumer?• How can becoming computer fluent help you in a How can becoming computer fluent help you in a

career?career?• What are some future technologies?What are some future technologies?• What kinds of challenges do computers bring to What kinds of challenges do computers bring to

societysociety• What are a computer’s four main functions?What are a computer’s four main functions?

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• What is the difference between data and What is the difference between data and information?information?

• What are a bit and a byte?What are a bit and a byte?• What hardware does a computer use to perform What hardware does a computer use to perform

its functions?its functions?• What are the two main types of software?What are the two main types of software?• What different kinds of computers are there?What different kinds of computers are there?

• What is the difference between data and What is the difference between data and information?information?

• What are a bit and a byte?What are a bit and a byte?• What hardware does a computer use to perform What hardware does a computer use to perform

its functions?its functions?• What are the two main types of software?What are the two main types of software?• What different kinds of computers are there?What different kinds of computers are there?

Chapter 1 Summary QuestionsChapter 1 Summary QuestionsChapter 1 Summary QuestionsChapter 1 Summary Questions

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technology in action chapter 1 what is computer fluency? what is computer literacy? to be computer...

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