technology development in reusable packaging systems...opportunity for packaging: • continuous...
TRANSCRIPT
TechnologyDevelopmentinReusablePackagingSystems
Outline
• PhysicalInternet• AssetTrackingTechnology• E-commerce• AS-RSandreturnablepackaging• Additivemanufacturing• Palletrecycling
PhysicalInternet
• Symptomsoflogisticsunsustainability:–Weareshippingairandpackaging– Emptytravelisanorm– Truckersbecomethemoderncowboys– Productsdonotreachwhoneedsthemthemost– Gettingproductsinandoutofthecitiesisanightmare
– Logisticnetworkisneithersecurenorrobust– Unnecessaryproductmovementacrosstheglobe
PhysicalInternet
PhysicalInternet
• WhatisPhysicalInternet:– Inlogistics,the PhysicalInternet isanopengloballogisticssystemfoundedon physical,digital,andoperationalinterconnectivity,throughencapsulation,interfacesandprotocols
http://faculty.ineg.uark.edu/rmeller/web/CELDi-PI/index-PI.html
PhysicalInternet• Whydoesitmaterforpackaging:– Encapsulatemerchandisesinworld-standardsmartgreenmodularcontainer(PI-Container)
– Exploitsmartnetworkedcontainersembeddingsmartobjects
– DesignProductsfittingcontainerswithminimalwaste
http://www.slideshare.net/physical_internet/physical-internet-manifesto-18-2011-0328-english-bm
AssetTracking
• Assettrackingtechnologiesareontherise– RFID– GPS– Cellular– LowenergyBluetooth
AssetTracking
• Radio-FrequencyIdentification(RFID)– Usesradiowavestoreadandcaptureinformationstoredonthetagattachedtotheobject
– Tagcanbereadfromseveralfeetaway– Activetag– batterypowered,transmitssignal– Passivetags– usesthesignalofthereadertocommunicated
http://sharein.org/how-rfid-works/ http://www.a2btracking.com/blog/3-keys-rfid-solutions/
AssetTracking
• IssueswithRFID– Notbeingscalable– Systemdisruption– Lackofintegrationwithexistingsystems– Privacyissues– Cost
• Currentadoption– Pallets– Highvalueproducts
AssetTracking
• GlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)– UsesGPSbeacon– Triangulatespositionusing24satellites– Shares:location,speed,altitude– Lackofresolution
http://straightfromthea.com/2008/04/01/cheaters-beware-moblie-phone-gps-tracking-website-launched-today/
AssetTracking
• IssueswithGPS– Requiresabatterysource– Doesnotworkinconfinedspacesormetalcagessuchascontainers
– Lackofresolution– RequireGeographicInformationSystem(GIS)
• Currentadoption– Trailertracking– Dataloggers (Lansmont Saverseries)
AssetTracking
• CellularNetworks(2G,3G,4G)– Usesanetworkofcellsites(tower)andtransceivers(phone)totransmitvoiceanddata
– Uses800-2,500MHzwaves,LTEfor4G– RequireslessenergythanGPS
http://ccm.net/contents/694-the-gsm-standard
AssetTracking
• Opportunitieswithcellularnetworks– Nationalcoverage– Readilyavailablenetwork– BetterenergyconsumptionthanGPS– 3Gand4Gcantransmitlargeamountofdata– 3Gusageformobilephonesdecreases
• Currentadoption– Dataloggers (Lansmont Saverseries)
AssetTracking
• BluetoothLowEnergy(BLE)– Bluetoothuses2.4GHzwavestocommunicate– Createapersonalareanetwork– Lowpowerconsumption– 200feetrange
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth_low_energy#/media/File:Bluetooth_Smart_Logo.svg
AssetTracking
• Smartphonesensors:– Accelerometer– Gyroscope– Magnetometercompass– Ambientlightsensor– ProximitySensor– GPS
http://business.financialpost.com/fp-tech-desk/iphone-6-plus-teardown-ifixit
AssetTracking
• Howtopowerit?– Triboelectricenergyharvester– “convertsexternalmechanicalenergyintoelectricitybyaconjunctionoftriboelectriceffect”
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/1The_mechanism_of_the_pyroelectric_nanogenerator_based_on_a_compos ite_structure_of_pyroelectric_nanowries ..jpg
AssetTracking
• Howtopowerit?– Pyroelectricenergyharvester– “convertsexternalthermalenergyintoelectricitybyusingnone-structuredpyroelectricmaterial”
http://www.nanoscience.gatech.edu/paper/2012/12_NL_05.pdf
AssetTracking
OpportunityforPackaging:• Continuoussupplychainvisibilityandassettracking
• Collectionofessentialparameterforprotectivepackagingdesign– Temperature,relativehumidity– Vibration,shock,weight
E-commerce
• E-commerceisgrowingbyasmuchas20%annuallyinEurope(312billionEuros)(EcommerceEurope)
• 14.6%($341.7billion)intheUS• 3.7billiondisposablepackagesaredeliveredannuallyinEurope
E-commerce
• Challengesine-commerce– Productprotection– Shippingoddshapeitems– Frustrationtoopen– Incorrectfit
• Opportunities– Usingreturnablepackages
E-commerce
• Opportunities– Amazonlocker– Amazondrone
E-commerce• Reusablepackagingine-commerce• Repack– Finland– Returnabledepositbasedmodelforthefashione-commerceindustry
– Designedtobeused20times
Extraupfrontfee(3.9EUR)
Freereturndeliverviapost
office
Voucherfornextshopping
http://www.originalrepack.com/forbrands/
AutomatedHandlingSystems
• Modernwarehouses:– Highspeedconveyors– Selfdrivingforkliftsandtrucks
– Roboticpickers
Howmycurrentpackagingwillperform?
AutomatedHandlingSystems
PalletperformanceguideinANSIMH1-2016
Source:ANSIMH1-2016
AutomatedHandlingSystems
PalletperformanceguideinANSIMH1-2016
Source:ANSIMH1-2016
AutomatedHandlingSystems
• Pallets– Lateststudywasconductedin20yearsagoin1996
– Howvalidtheresultsareforacurrentsupplychain?
• Packaging– Standardisunderdevelopment:• ISO18616-1,ISO18616-2
– Noperformanceguidelines
AdditiveManufacturing
AdditiveManufacturing
Thebasics:
AdditiveManufacturing
ManufacturingTypes:
ElectronbeammeltingAnelectronbeammeltsmetalpowderlayerbylayerinahighvacuum.
(JP)(FDM) (EBM)(SLS)
FusedDepositionModelingAplasticwireismoltenandlaiddowninlayers.
Inkjet3Dprinting/JettedphotopolymerAphotopolymerwhichhardenswithUVlightisextruded.
SelectiveLaserSinteringAhighpoweredlasermeltspowdertogether.
StereolithographyAlayeroffluid resinishardenedbyUVorlaser.
http://www.custompartnet.com/
AdditiveManufacturing
• Materials:• Polylactic Acid(PLA):ecofriendly,brittle• Acrylonitrilebutadienestyrene(ABS):durable,goodwithhighertemperatures• Nylon:strongdurable,moisturesensitive• Polyvinylalcohol(PVA):watersoluble• Polyethyleneterephthalate(PET):highstrength,noodorwhenprinted• High-densitypolyethylene(HDPA):noideal
AdditiveManufacturing
• Opportunities:– Justintimetertiarypackagingmanufacturing– Improveddesigncapabilities– lightweighting– Improvedtransportationofusedpackagesinresinform
PalletRecycling
• WoodPalletandLandfills(Araman1995)– InvestigatedMunicipalandConstructionlandfills
020406080100120140160180
1992 1993 1995
Recycle
dPallets(million)
PalletRecycling
PalletRecycling
• Only1.4-2%ofthetotalwasteiswoodpallet• Thisisstill223.6millionwoodenpallets• VirginiaTechisstartinganewsurveyin2016!
Thankyouverymuchforyourattention
LaszloHorvath,Ph.D.,CPLPDirector,CenterforPackagingandUnitLoadDesign
AssistantProfessorEmail:[email protected]