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Dwayne Marshall

Senior Federal Grants Specialist

Title I, Part A: The Formula Behind the Funding


@DAusben80

Audience will be able to:

• Understand basic progression of funds• Identify four major components of Title I, Part A• Identify factors that influence Title I, Part A allocations• Identify and use pertinent data to “forecast” future allocations

The Formula Behind the Funding: Objectives


The Formula Behind the Funding: Basic Progression

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IN Title I Allocation Increase from FFY

2019 / FY 2020IN Title I Allocation FFY 2020 / FY 2021

IN Title I Allocation Increase from FFY

2019 / FY 2020

Factors that determine LEA allocations

• Congressional Allocation / Funding for Fiscal Year ☑• “Formula Children”• “Hold Harmless”• SEA Adjustments• State PPE • “Small State Minimum”• State Reported LEA Expenditure Data, State per Capita Income Data (EFIG only)

The Formula Behind the Funding: Influential Factors








The “Formula Behind the Funding”

The Formula Behind the Funding: Four Components


(Basic + (Basic + Concentration + (Basic + Concentration + Targeted + EFIG) (Basic + Concentration + Targeted + EFIG) - SEA Adjustments =

(Basic + Concentration + Targeted + EFIG) - SEA Adjustments = LEA Allocation

Grant Formulas Used to Calculate Each LEA’s Allocation*

1) Basic2) Concentration3) Targeted4) Education Finance Incentive Grants (EFIG)

*All initially calculated by ED prior to distributing SEA allocations



“Formula Children”

• Children ages 5-17• From families with incomes below federal poverty line as

determined by the US Census Bureau (updated annually)• Census Poverty is NOT = F/R%

• Foster, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), Neglected and Delinquent (N&D)

The Formula Behind the Funding: Pertinent Data


“Formula Children”

• Children ages 5-17• From families with incomes below federal poverty line as

determined by the US Census Bureau (updated annually)• Census Poverty is NOT = F/R%

• Foster, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), Neglected and Delinquent (N&D)

“Formula Children” Composition



97%

3% Foster, TANF, N&D

Census Poverty

Grant Formulas Used to Calculate Each LEA’s Allocation


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Concentration02 ● Number of eligible formula children > 6500, or 15 percent of total school age population

Basic01● At least 10 eligible formula children

constituting at least 2 percent of LEA’s school age population

Targeted03● At least 10 eligible formula children

constituting at least 5 percent of LEA’s school age population.

EFIG04● At least 10 eligible formula children

constituting at least 5 percent of LEA’s school age population.

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Basic At least 10 eligible formula children, constituting 2 percent of LEA’s school-age population



Concentration Number of eligible formula children >6500, or 15% of LEA’s school-age population



Targeted & EFIGAt least 10 eligible formula children, constituting 5% of LEA’s school-age population

Eligibility by “Formula Children” %


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Formula Children %Grant Formula

Basic Concentration Targeted EFIG

> 15% ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅

5% - 14.99% ✅ 🆇 ✅ ✅

2% - 4.99% ✅ 🆇 🆇 🆇<2% 🆇 🆇 🆇 🆇

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Are they eligible?


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LEA # Formula Children # Ages 5-17 % FormulaLEA # Formula Children # Ages 5-17 % Formula

LEA 1 320 912 35.09%

LEA # Formula Children # Ages 5-17 % Formula

LEA 1 320 912 35.09%

LEA 2 320 6507 4.92%

LEA 3 320 2130 15.02%

LEA # Formula Children # Ages 5-17 % Formula

LEA 1 320 912 35.09%

LEA 2 320 6507 4.92%

Distribution of Allocations by Formula


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45%23%

23% 9%

Basic

Concentration

Targeted

EFIG

Distribution of Allocations by Formula (FY 21 Congressional)


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$6.4B$4.2B

$4.2B $1.3B

Basic

Concentration

Targeted

EFIG


LEA Formula Count

# Ages 5-17 Formula % Basic Conc. Targ. EFIG Total Alloc.

LEA 1 320 912 35.09% $ 173,014.40 $ 41,212.80 $ 60,604.80 $ 64,179.20 $ 339,011.20

LEA 2 320 6507 4.92% $ 173,014.40 $ - $ - $ - $ 173,014.40

LEA 3 320 2130 15.02% $ 173,014.40 $ 41,212.80 $ 60,604.80 $ 64,179.20 $ 339,011.20


LEA Formula Count

# Ages 5-17 Formula % Basic Conc. Targ. EFIG Total Alloc.

LEA 1 320 912 35.09% $ 173,014.40 $ 41,212.80 $ 60,604.80 $ 64,179.20 $ 339,011.20

LEA 2 326 6507 5.01% $ 176,258.42 $ - $ 61,741.14 $ 65,382.56 $ 303,382.12

LEA 3 320 2130 15.02% $ 173,014.40 $ 41,212.80 $ 60,604.80 $ 64,179.20 $ 339,011.20



Hold Harmless Provision• Hold Harmless in its simplest form is a mechanism designed to mitigate an LEA’s loss of

Title I funding from one fiscal year to the next. • All four formulas provide a variable hold harmless rate of 85 percent, 90 percent, or 95

percent of an LEA’s prior year allocation.• Note: Only the Concentration Grant has a “hold harmless” provision that allows an LEA

to retain eligibility for four years after it last met the eligibility criteria.

Hold Harmless Provision by “Formula Children” %


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Formula Count % Hold Harmless30% or > 95%

15% - 29.99% 90%

14.99% or < 85%

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The Formula Behind the Funding: Basic Progression

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SEA Adjustments• “Special LEAs” such as Charter Schools • School Improvement (7% set-aside required under ESSA)• Hold Harmless Corrections• Administrative Costs (up to 1% of state’s Title I Part A,C,&,D funding)• New, Overlapping, Reorganized Districts• Small Districts (total resident pop. <20,000)• Neglected and Delinquent (Title I Part D, Subpart 1 and Subpart 2)• Indiana Department of Education “Reset” Adjustment






https://drive.google.com/file/d/13oA9FFgrenf8OYSmDB98fIdfmQxQFCYH/view?usp=sharing

Adjusted Formula Counts for Special LEAs• ESSA requires an SEA to calculate allocations for each of the four formula grants for

special LEAs such as charter schools.



5

4

3

21

School Improvement Reservation• 7% of SEA’s Title I Award• SEA is obligated to set aside the greater of 7% of allocation or, sum of FY16 1003(a)

and FY16 SIG 1003(g), whichever is greater (ESSA)• An SEA may not reduce an LEA below its prior year’s allocation in reserving funds for

school improvement. -1003(h)• Indiana will not be able to reserve full 7% for SY19-20





Hold Harmless Applied at State Level• Applied after School Improvement Reservation

• The “Hold Harmless” provision is applied by IDOE by raising the allocation for any district that would otherwise receive less than the 85-95 percent of prior year allocation for each respective funding formula (guaranteed minimum).

• Allocations from all other LEAs within the state are proportionately reduced sans those LEAs that would receive less than their guaranteed minimum as a result.



My census poverty percentage increased, or stayed nearly the same. How did my allocation decrease?

1. Federal budget cuts2. SEA budget cut3. Additional LEAs in state4. Formula percentage remained status quo, but actual formula number decreased.5. Hold Harmless 6. Hold Harmless in prior year

Hold Harmless (HH) • Your census poverty figures and

subsequent formula children numbers have increased.

• However, a large number of LEAs in Indiana lost formula students resulting in a raw allocation lower than their HH amount.

• This required your LEA to contribute funds that went towards supporting other LEAs to reach their HH.


Hold Harmless (HH) in Prior Year

Your prior year allocation was artificially inflated by hold harmless. • This means the allocation generated via the four formulas resulted in a total that was

less than your guaranteed minimum. • An increase in formula percentage and/or formula count may still result in an allocation

that is below your guaranteed minimum, or 85-95 percent of prior year’s artificially inflated figure.


Hold Harmless (HH) in Prior Year


Fiscal Year Raw Allocation Formula Count PPE HH% Guaranteed Min.

FY19 $ 400,000.00 5000 $ 80.00 90% $ 385,000.00

FY20 $ 352,000.00 4400 $ 80.00 90% $ 360,000.00

FY21 $ 356,000.00 4450 $ 80.00 90% $ 324,000.00

Planning Allocation → Final Allocation



• Why do we have multiple allocations?

• What data is used to generate these allocations?



State Level Data

Data Element Data Source Date Available

State Fiscal Effort (SFE) Per Capita Income Bureau Econ. Analysis September (annually)

State Per Pupil Expenditure (SPPE) National Center for Education Statistics December (annually)

LEA Level Data

Data Element Data Source Date Available

TANF, N&D, Foster US Dept. of Education February (annually)

Census Poverty US Census Bureau December (annually)



DATA UPDATED

Census Poverty 2018 data completed, but not plugged in until next FY

State Equity Factor (SPPE) 2018

December 2019

DATA UPDATED

State Fiscal Effort (SFE) 2018

-Per capita income for each state and territory

September 2019

DATA UPDATED

TANF 2018

N&D 2018

Foster 2018

February 2019

Final Allocation FY 2020

Congressional Allocation

Census Poverty 2017

SPPE & SFE 2018

New & Expanded Charter Counts (October)

January 2020

Planning Allocation FY 2020

Congressional Allocation

Census Poverty 2017

TANF, N&D, Foster 2018

May 2019

The Formula Behind the Funding: Title II, Part A

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“IN Base Hold Harmless”

“Excess Funds” Relative % of Children (Total &

Formula)

The Formula Behind the Funding: Title II, Part A

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SEA Allocation

Relative % of Formula Children

Ages 5-17

Relative % of Children Ages 5-17

% of SEA Allocation to LEAs

State Administration Costs

State Activities


The Formula Behind the Funding: Title IV, Part A

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Congressional Allocation “Relative Share”of

Prior FY Title A

The Formula Behind the Funding: Title IV, Part A

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SEA Allocation

Relative LEA Share of Title I, A


State Administration Costs

State Activities

%of SEA Allocation to LEAs

The Formula Behind the Funding


ResourcesAllocating Grants for Title I - National Center for Education Statistics, 2016

Title I Allocation Formulas, National Title I Conference, 2018

Non-Regulatory Guidance: Fiscal Changes & Equitable Services Requirements Under the ESEA of 1965, As Amended by the ESSA. -United States Department of Education, 2016

Congressional Notification of Preliminary Fiscal Year 2020 Title I, Part A Allocations - United States Department of Education, 2020

https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/AnnualReports/pdf/titleI20160111.pdf

https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/oese/oss/technicalassistance/titleiallocationformulastitleiconfppt22018.pdf

https://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/essa/essaguidance160477.pdf

https://www.eseanetwork.org/c/titlei/files/Association/2020/ED/1 FY 2020 Title I Preliminary Allocations/6 Cong. Notification FY 2020 Title I-A Prel.pdf

Resources https://www.doe.in.gov/INCensus2020

IDOE and the 2020 Census

@EducateIN

Your students’ future depends on the census.

● Academic Support● Special Education ● Educator Development● School Lunch Programs● Head Start → Early

Learning ● After-School Programs

#INCensus2020

https://www.doe.in.gov/INCensus2020

The Formula Behind the Funding: Contact Information


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