technological development and social changeac

8/12/2019 Technological Development and Social Changeac

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Technological Development andSocial Change

Prepared by :-

Umang

Gajjar(11209)

Utpal Patel(11233)

Mayur

Vaghani(11243)

Submitted to:-Dr. Hansa Jain

B.K.School of Business


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Table of Contents

Particulars Pa

geNo.

Technological Development 2Industrialization 3

Cultural Lag 4

Urbanization 4

Modernization

Unemployment !

Changes in social institutions !

ocial Movements "

Collective !ction "

Development o" Technology #2

Customer Needs#$%pectations #2

Demand Conditions #3

uppliers& '""erings #3

Competitive Dynamics #3

ubstitutes #4

ocial (orces #4

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)esearch 'rganisations #Technical(acilities

#$

*overnment Policy #$

Technological development andsocial change

#!

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Technological Development

Technological e!elopment i" a#out impro!ement" in the

$ay" that goo" an "er!ice" are prouce% mar&ete%

an mae a!aila#le to the pu#lic' Thi" play" a central role

in "purring income gro$th an reucing po!erty'

n act% technology i" at the !ery heart o human progre""

an e!elopment' t account" or much o the economican "ocial progre"" o the pa"t e$ centurie"' *n it $ill

help meet the en!ironmental challenge" o the t$enty+ir"t

century'

Technology inclue" the tool"+ #oth machine" (har

technology) an $ay" o thin&ing ("ot technology) ,

a!aila#le to "ol!e pro#lem" an promote progre""

#et$een% among the an #et$een "ocietie"'

-ecau"e o li#erali.ation% the technology i" changing a"t'

/ence i our inu"trial unit" lag #ehin other" in

technological change"% $e $ill lo"e competiti!ene"" in

international mar&et"'

The pre"ent ay #u"ine"" emanate" rom the epectation"

o the con"umer" rom the #u"ine""' People al$ay" $i"h

to con"ume more an more o ne$ goo" an more o the

"ame goo"' They epect that uality o prouct" "houl

impro!e o!er time an the real co"t all' *ll thi" can #e

accompli"he #y the #u"ine"" i it pay" attention to

"ophi"tication o technology'

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Technological e!elopment" ha!e #een re!olutioni.ing the

#u"ine"" "cene' They acilitate not only the introuction o

ne$ prouct" #ut al"o tremenou" impro!ement" in the

operational eiciency an eciting change" in the mou"operani o #u"ine""' t implie"% inter alia% that e!en $hen

goo" eman ei"t" or an ol prouct% aoption o the

"tate o the art technology or the conuct o the #u"ine""

$oul #e nece""ary or "ur!i!al' The inormation

technology ha" !a"tly tran"orme the mar&eting an the

inancial mar&et" "cenario an ha" "igniicantly

contri#ute to the glo#ali.ation proce""'

Social Change

The term "ocial change i" u"e to inicate the change"

that ta&e place in human interaction" an interrelation"'

ociety i" a $e# o "ocial relation"hip" an hence "ocial

change mean" change in the "y"tem o "ocial

relation"hip"' The"e are uner"too in term" o "ocial

proce""e" an "ocial interaction" an "ocial organi.ation

The #a"e o "ocial change i" change in the thought

proce"" in human"' t may reer to the notion o "ocial

progre"" or "ociocultural e!olution% the philo"ophical iea

that "ociety mo!e" or$ar #y ialectical or e!olutionarymean"' t may reer to a paraigmatic change in the

"ocio+economic "tructure% or in"tance a "hit a$ay rom

euali"m an to$ar" capitali"m

*ccoringly it may al"o reer to "ocial re!olution% "uch a"

the ociali"t re!olution pre"ente in Mari"m% or to other

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"ocial mo!ement"% "uch a" omen5" "urage or the 6i!il

right" mo!ement' ocial change may #e ri!en #y

cultural% religiou"% economic% "cientiic or technological

orce"'

Industrialization

Technology ha" contri#ute to the gro$th o inu"trie" or

to the proce"" o inu"triali.ation'

The nu"trial 7e!olution o 18th century le to the

unpreceente gro$th o inu"trie"'

nu"triali.ation i" a""ociate $ith the actory "y"tem o

prouction'

The actorie" ha!e #rought o$n the price" o

commoitie"% impro!e their uality an maimi.e their

output'

The $hole proce"" o prouction i" mechani.e'

6on"euently the traitional "&ill" ha!e ecline an

goo num#er o arti"an"% accu"tome to $or& manually

ha" lo"t their $or&'

/uge actorie" coul pro!ie employment opportunitie" to

thou"an" o people' /ence men ha!e #ecome $or&er"

in a !ery large num#er'

The proce"" o inu"triali.ation ha" aecte the nature%

character an the gro$th o economy'

t ha" contri#ute to the gro$th o citie" or to the proce""

o ur#ani.ation'

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Cultural Lag

To pro!ie a la$ o "ocial change compara#le to the la$"

o phy"ic" an #iology that illiam ' :g#urn in 1922

a!ance hi" theory o "ocial lag' :g#urn pointe out that"ocial change" al$ay" originate in the in!ention #y "ome

ini!iual o a ne$ $ay o oing "omething ne$ to o'

/i"torically% he argue% in!ention" occur mo"t oten in the

iel o material technology% i only #ecau"e the

a!antage" o an impro!ement in technology are "el+

e!ient' ith each e!elopment in technology therecome"% ho$e!er% "ome i"tur#ance to the eecti!e

$or&ing o the ei"ting "ocial orer'

* "train or "tre"" i" "et up #et$een the ne$ techniue

an !ariou" organi.ational a"pect" o the "ocial "y"tem%

change" in $hich come "lo$ly i at all; the re"ult%

i"euili#rium #et$een ne$ technology an ol "ocial

organi.ation% i" "ocial lag' The core o :g#urn5" theory i"the iea that change ir"t occur" in the material

technology'

Urbanization

Ur#ani.ation can #e e"cri#e a" a proce"" o #ecoming

ur#an mo!ing to citie" changing rom agriculture to other

pur"uit" common to citie" an corre"poning change o

#eha!ior pattern"' /ence only $hen a large proportion o

inha#itant" in an area come to citie" ur#ani.ation i" "ai to

occur'

Ur#ani.ation ha" #ecome a $orl phenomenon toay'

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*n unpreceente gro$th ha" ta&en place not only in the

num#er o great citie" #ut al"o in their "i.e'

*" a re"ult o inu"triali.ation people ha!e "tarte mo!ing

to$ar" the inu"trial area" in "earch o employment'


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Modernization

Moerni.ation i" a proce"" $hich inicate" the aoptiono the moern $ay" o lie an !alue"'

t reer" to an attempt on the part o the people particularly

tho"e $ho are cu"tom+#oun to aapt them"el!e" to the

pre"ent+time% conition"% nee"% "tyle" an $ay" in

general'

t inicate" a change in people5" oo ha#it"% re""ha#it"% "pea&ing "tyle"% ta"te"% choice"% preerence"%

iea"% !alue"% recreational acti!itie" an "o on'

People in the proce"" o getting them"el!e" moerni.e

gi!e more importance to "cience an technology'

They ha!e #rought a#out remar&a#le change" in the

$hole "y"tem o "ocial relation"hip an in"talle ne$

ieologie" in the place o traitional one"'

Tran"ormation in the economy an the e!olution o the

ne$ "ocial cla""e"

The introuction o the actory "y"tem o prouction ha"

turne the agricultural economy into inu"trial economy'

The inu"trial or the capitali"t economy ha" i!ie the

"ocial organi.ation into t$o preominant cla""e"+

the capitali"t cla"" an the $or&ing cla""

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The"e t$o cla""e" are al$ay" at conlict ue to mutually

oppo"ite intere"t' n the cour"e o time an intermeiary

cla"" calle the middle classha" e!ol!e'

Unemployment

The pro#lem o unemployment i" a concomitant eature o

the rapi technological a!ancement'

Machine" not only pro!ie employment opportunitie" ormen #ut they al"o ta&e a$ay the jo#" o men through

la#or+ "a!ing e!ice"' Thi" re"ult" in technological

unemployment'

Technology an $ar

The angerou" eect o technology i" e!ient through the

moern moe o $arare'

The $eaponry ha" #rought ear" an anietie" to the

man&in' They can ea"ily e"troy the entire human race

re!eal ho$ technology coul #e mi"u"e'

Thu" greater the technological a!ancement the more

ri"& or the man&in'

Changes in social institutions

The in"titution" o amily% religion% morality% marriage%

"tate% property ha!e #een altere' Moern technology in

ta&ing a$ay inu"try rom the hou"ehol ha" raically

change the amily organi.ation'

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Many unction" o the amily ha!e #een ta&en a$ay #y

other agencie"'

Marriage i" lo"ing it" "anctity' t i" treate a" a ci!il

contract than a "acre #on' Marriage" are #ecoming

more an more un"ta#le'

n"tance" o i!orce% e"ertion an "eparation are

increa"ing'

Technology ha" ele!ate the "tatu" o $omen #ut it ha"

al"o contri#ute to the "tre""e" an "train" in therelation" #et$een men an $omen at home'

7eligion i" lo"ing hol o!er the mem#er"'

People are #ecoming more "ecular% rational an "cientiic

#ut le"" religiou" in their outloo&'

n!ention" an i"co!erie" in "cience ha!e "ha&en the

ounation" o religion'

The unction o the "tate or the iel o "tate acti!ity ha"

#een $iene'

Moern technology ha!e mae the "tate" to perorm "uch

unction" a" +the protection o the age% the $ea&er

"ection an the minoritie" ma&ing pro!i"ion or eucation%

health care etc'

Tran"portation an communication in!ention" are leaing

to a "hit o unction" rom local go!ernment to the central

go!ernment o the $hole "tate'

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The moern in!ention" ha!e al"o "trengthene

nationali"m'

The moern go!ernment" $hich rule through the

#ureaucracy ha!e urther imper"onali.e the human

relation"'

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Social Movements

* "ocial mo!ement can #e eine a" collecti!ely acting$ith "ome continuity to promote or re"i"t change in the

"ociety or group o $hich it i" a part'

ocial Mo!ement i" one o the major orm" o collecti!e

#eha!ior'

e hear o !ariou" &in" o "ocial mo!ement" launche

or one or the other purpo"e'

Collective Action

ocial Mo!ement in!ol!e" collecti!e action' /o$e!er it

ta&e" the orm o a mo!ement only $hen it i" "u"taine

or a long time'

Thi" collecti!e action nee not #e ormally organi.e' -utit "houl #e a#le to create an intere"t an a$a&ening in

relati!ely large num#er o people'

$%pact of Technology on &d'cation Syste%

The nternet it"el ha" unloc&e a $orl o opportunity or

"tuent"' normation an iea" that $ere pre!iou"ly out

o reach are a clic& a$ay' tuent" o all age" can

connect% "hare% an learn on a glo#al "cale'

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ucce"" at iicult technological ta"&"% a" $ell a" "ocial

net$or&ing "uch a" ace#oo&can al"o lea to impro!e

"el+e"teem'

Many "tuent" ha!e ierent type" o learning "tyle" an

u"ing ierent type" o technology i" a great $ay to help

all &in" o learner"' Pro!iing remeial in"truction or

lo$+achie!ing "tuent"% pro!iing enrichment acti!itie" or

"tuent" $ho "ucce""ully complete the regular le""on

#eore "tuent" $ho reuire more time to learn'

U"ing computer" or other orm" o technology can gi!e"tuent" practice on core content an "&ill" $hile the

teacher can $or& $ith other"% conuct a""e""ment"% or

perorm other ta"&"'

U"ing technology in the cla""room can allo$ teacher"5 to

eecti!ely organi.e an pre"ent le""on"' Multimeia

pre"entation" can ma&e the material more meaningulan engaging'

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Technology and Po(erty

=Technology" impact in "chool" ha" #een "igniicant%a!ancing ho$ "tuent" learn% ho$ teacher" teach an

ho$ eiciently an eecti!ely eucational "er!ice" can #e

eli!ere%> "ai 6arolyn *pril% irector% inu"try analy"i"%

6ompT*'> ith emerging technologie" "uch a" ta#let"

an net#oo&"% interacti!e $hite#oar" an $irele""

"olution" gaining groun in the cla""room% the reliance on

T #y the eucation mar&et $ill only gro$ in the year"ahea'>

:n one han% $e ha!e "pectacular a!ancement" in the

area o "cience an technology an on the other han%

$e ha!e million" o people $ho ha!e no acce"" to oo

an #a"ic e""ential" to "ur!i!e' Toay" glo#ali.e

economy ha" le to a "iteen+ol increa"e in $orl trae

"ince orl ar % $orth o!er U? 4 trillion per year

("ome 1@ to 20 per cent o mea"ure glo#al G


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Development of Technology

There are a num#er o actor" $hich etermine thetechnological ynamic" o a company' The "ource otechnological change may #e internal or eternal' *" Porter"ugge"t"% technological leaer" in inu"trie" $ith &ey eternal"ource" o technology mu"t capture the #e"t o tho"e "ource"

through coalition" or eclu"i!e arrangement" in orer to"u"tain (their lea% or ha!e a "uperior a#ility to aapt eternallye!elope technology to the nu"try'>

The important actor" $hich etermine the technologicalynamic" o a company inclue the ollo$ingA

)a* $nno(ati(e +ri(e of the Co%pany

Many companie" !ie$ technology a" a ri!ing orce ocompetiti!ene"" an e!elopment an gi!e great importanceo 7B


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b! Customer "eeds#$%pectations

Technological :rientation an 7B< eort" o a company

may al"o #e inluence #y the cu"tomer nee" anepectation"' n "e!eral ca"e"% the cu"tomer an the "upplierha!e a colla#orati!e relation"hip to e!elop prouct" or"olution"' the con"umer" are highly emaning% companie"

$oul #e compelle to #e inno!ati!e'

c! Demand Conditions

-e"ie" cu"tomer nee"Depectation"% there are certaineman relate actor" $hich inluence the technology choice'or eample% the "i.e o the eman inluence" the choice othe technological cale' Epecte uture tren coul al"o #eimportant' or eample% a a"t gro$ing tren o eman $oulencourage aoptionDe!elopment o technology o large "cale'

t $oul al"o encourage 7B< eort"' The "ituation may #eierent in a eclining inu"try'

d! Suppliers& 'fferings

Many a time technological change" are encourage #ythe "upplier" o a company% li&e capital goo" "upplier" another technology "upplier" etc' n many proce"" inu"trie"% or

eample% the &ey ource o technology i" con"tructionengineering irm" that e"ign prouction proce""e" an #uilplant"' The competiti!ene"" o the talian tile inu"try% oreample% o$e" a lot to the ynamic an nno!ati!e technology"upplier"'

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e! Competitive Dynamics

6ompetition compel" the aoption o the #e"t technologyan con"tant enea!our to inno!ate' Fapane"e companie"

ha!e% generally% a high egree o technological orientation'*ccoring to *&io Morita% the glory an the neme"i" oFapane"e #u"ine""% the lie" #loo o the inu"trial engine% i"goo ol a"hione competition' *n thi" ma&e" the con"umerin Fapan a &ing' n Fapan' There are more ma&er" o ci!ilianinu"trial prouct" than in any other country% incluing theUnite tate"'*#"ence oDFac& o competition $a" a major rea"on or the

technological #ac&$arne"" o corporate nia' The impact ocompetition on technological impro!ement i" !ery e!ient inmanynu"trie" in nia ater the li#erali"ation

f! Substitutes

Emergence o ne$ "u#"titute" or technologicalimpro!ement" o "u#"titute" $hich alter a irm"Dinu"try"

competiti!e a!antage !i"++!i" the "u#"titute" i" a compellingrea"on or technological change' Porter point" out that perhap"the mo"t commonly recogni"e eect o technology on inu"try"tructure i" it" impact on "u#"titution' u#"titution i" a unctiono the relati!e !alue to price o competing prouct" an the"$itching co"t" a""ociate $ith changing #et$een them'Technological change create" entirely ne$ prouct" or proucttie" that "u#"titute or other"' uch a" i#regla"" or pla"tic or

$oo' or proce""or" or type$riter"% an micro$a!e o!en"or con!entional o!en"' t inluence" #oth the relati!e !alueprice an "$itching co"t" o "u#"titute"' The technological#attle o!er relati!e !alueDprice #et$een inu"trie" proucingclo"e "u#"titute" i" at the heart o the "u#"titution proce""'

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g! Social (orces

6ertain "ocial orce" li&e prote"t again"t en!ironmental

pollution or other ecological pro#lem"'


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i!*overnment +olicy

Go!ernment% oten% i" an important actor in the

technological en!ironment' Go!ernment can contri#ute to thee!elopment o technology #y it" o$n irect in!ol!ement #ye"ta#li"hing re"earchorgani"ation" an uning 7B


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oreign technology' Thi" coul aect the comparati!ecompetiti!ene"" o the"e irm"' *cce"" to glo#al technologycoul help irm" to impro!e their competiti!ene"" or eample%thi" ha" ena#le il& 7eliance $ e"ta#li"h $orl cla""prouction acilitie"' Thi" along $ith the project implementation"&ill"% e#ottlenec&ing capa#ilitie" an lo$ la#our co"t" hel7eliance to gain a competiti!e ege glo#ally'

n countrie" li&e nia the o!erempha"i" on inigenou"technology lai le to high co"t" an i"torte e!elopment it"*gain% the policy #ia" in a!our o "mall #u"ine"" ha" re"ultein prouction unit" o uneconomic "i.e in a num#er oinu"trie" urther% the re"er!ation o certain prouct"eclu"i!ely or the "mall "cale "ector promote "e!eralcompanie"% incluing multinational"% to re"ort to "uchtrategie" a" ranchi"ing an 6ontract manuacturing in "omeo the"e inu"trie" in nia' The re"er!ation o prouct" or the"mall "cale "ector "ometime" 6ome" in (he ily o aoption omoern technology i it in!ol!e" capital in!e"tment higher thanthe "peciie limit' The ailure to a#"or# moern technology"$itly ha" a!er"ely aecte the eport" o "e!eral importitem" li&e leather goo"% tetile item" etc'The nature technology can aect the location o prouction#a"e an glo#al trae lo$"' hen the tele!i"ion technology

$a" la#our+inten"i!e' Thi" encourage the location otele!i"ion manuacturing in the e!eloping countrie"' *!ance"in technology may al"o cau"e relocation o Prouction'/o$e!er% $hen urther technological e!elopment" reuce

the la#our content o the TV% "ome irm" relocate theirprouction #ac& o the e!elope countrie"'

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Technological development and social change

*ccoring to /an Gerth an right Mill"% "ocial changereer" to $hate!er may happen in the cour"e o time to the

role"% the in"titution" or the orer" compri"ing the "ocial"tructure their emergence% gro$th an ecline>' To Morri"Gin"#erg% "ocial change mean" a change in the "ocial"tructure e'g' there "i.e o a "ociety% the compo"ition or#alance o it" part an it" organi"ation' *" -ie"an. an-ie"an. o#"er!eA H"ocial change inclue" "igniicant alteration"in "ocial "tructure% in cultural einition"% an in the prouct" o"ocio+cultural action' ocial "tructure may change in "i.e% In

the egree o ormality an inormality% in the type" o "ocialrelation"hip" an in the "y"tem o "tatu"e" an role"' 6ulturalchange i" relecte in changing &no$lege% #elie"% !alue" annorm"' Material prouct" $ill change a" re"ult o a!ance" in"cience an technology>' n "hort% "ocial change may cau"eone or more o the ollo$ingA change" in the "i.e o "ocietyAchange" in "ocial in"titution"A change" in occupation pattern";change" in po"ition"% "tatu" an role"% change" in !alue"%

#elie" an attitue"% change" in "ocial interaction"% change" in"ocial mo#ility an "o on'The rapi change" in our "ociety are o#!iou"ly relate to% an"omeho$ epenent upon% the e!elopment o ne$techniue"% ne$ in!ention"% ne$ moe" o prouction% ne$"tanar" o li!ing' nee technology ha" proounly altere"ocial attitue" an moe" o li&e attitue"% #elie"% traition"%

$hich once $ere thought to #e epre""ion o human nature

ha!e crum#le #eore it" a!ance" ahea'

The inu"trial age ha" proounly change the "ocial lie an"tatu" o $omen' nu"triali"ation e"troye the ome"tic"y"tem" o prouction"% #rought $omen rom the home to theactory an oice% ierentiate their ta"&" an i"tingui"hetheir earning"'

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/ere i" the ne$ en!ironment% an the ne$ "ocial lie o $omeni" the re"pon"e' The introuction" o ne$ techniue" or theproce""ing an pre"er!ation o oo an the appliance" toperorm &itchen an other ome"tic $or& acilitate theemancipation o $omen rom the &itchen"'

The impact o e!elopment" in the iel o tran"port ancommunication" on "ociety i" !ery prooun' The automo#ilean telecom mae "u#ur#ani"ation po""i#le in the U* another countrie"' ilm"% tele!i"ion an raio ha!e #ecome !eryhelpul in the tran"mi""ion an iu"iono inormation an inthe eucation o the common man' The"e meia play animportant role in #ringing a#out "ocial change' Tele!i"ion orraio ena#le" a per"on to are""% at one time% million" anmillion" $ho are geographically $iely "prea' ree raio antele!i"ion ma&e po""i#le the rapi ri"e o ne$ political an"ocial mo!ement"' Jo $oner that% in a num#er o countrie"%the"e meia are monopoli"e or controlle #y the "tate% $hichu"e them or propagana purpo"e"' The"e meia ha!e#rought a#out "igniicant change" in the "phere o amily anini!iual recreation' uch technologie" ha!e con"iera#lyreuce the "ocial i"tance #et$een the ur#an an rural area"'Moern inu"triali.ation% a prouct o technologicale!elopment% ha" up"et the "ocial "tructure' t ha"amini"tere a "e!ere #lo$ to the ca"te "y"tem' ocialmo#ility ha" #ecome !ery con"picuou"' ociety ha" #ecomemore materiali"tic' nu"triali.ation ha" al"o gi!en ri"e to cla""conlict'

The inu"trial% agrarian an tran"port re!olution" ha!e #roughta#out phy"ical en!ironment to "ome etent an to harne"" thenatural re"ource" #etter' *ir conitioner" ha!e mae lie morecomorta#le' /uge am" are #uilt to control loo"% generatepo$er an to irrigate lan' Eperiment" to prouce artiicialrain" ha!e "ho$n po"iti!e "ign" o "ucce""'

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Technological e!elopment" ha!e a num#er o a!er"e eect"on "ociety' ome o the technology+inuce e!elopment ha!ecau"e "eriou" ecological pro#lem"+ pollution or eample' Theilm i" "a to #e ha!ing "ome immoral eect" on "ociety' Therei" a critici"m that many nian mo!ie" encourage crime% rape%alcoholi"m an !iolence' Technology i" regare a" one o theactor" re"pon"i#le or the concentration o economic po$er ina e$ han"' ome "ociologi"t" are o the opinion thatcapitali"m i" merely a #y+prouct o mechani"ation'

technological development and social changeac

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