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Reference numberISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006
TECHNICAL REPORT
ISO/TR25107
First edition2006-07-01
Non-destructive testing — Guidelines for NDT training syllabuses
Essais non destructifs — Lignes directrices pour les programmes de formation en END
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved iii
Contents Page
Foreword............................................................................................................................................................ iv Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ v 1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Normative references ........................................................................................................................... 1 3 Terms and definitions........................................................................................................................... 1 4 Introduction to NDT .............................................................................................................................. 1 4.1 Role ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 4.2 Task of NDT personnel......................................................................................................................... 2 4.3 History of NDT....................................................................................................................................... 2 4.4 Terminology of NDT.............................................................................................................................. 2 4.5 General environmental and safety considerations ........................................................................... 2 5 Radiographic testing — Levels 1, 2 and 3.......................................................................................... 3 6 Ultrasonic testing — Levels 1, 2 and 3 ............................................................................................. 19 7 Eddy current testing — Levels 1, 2 and 3 ........................................................................................ 25 8 Penetrant testing — Levels 1, 2 and 3 .............................................................................................. 31 9 Magnetic particle testing — Levels 1, 2 and 3 ................................................................................. 35 10 Leak testing — Levels 1, 2 and 3....................................................................................................... 41 11 Acoustic emissions testing — Levels 1, 2 and 3............................................................................. 58 12 Visual testing — Levels 1, 2 and 3 .................................................................................................... 67 Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 78
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
iv © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard ("state of the art", for example), it may decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer valid or useful.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TR 25107 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 138, Non-destructive testing, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive testing, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved v
Introduction
With this Technical Report, ISO/TC135 and CEN/TC138 present to the worldwide non-destructive testing (NDT) community their recommendations for the minimum technical knowledge to be required of NDT personnel. These recommendations provide means for evaluating and documenting the competence of personnel whose duties demand the appropriate theoretical and practical knowledge.
As part of the efforts to streamline and harmonize the training and certification of NDT personnel, ISO/TC 135 and CEN/TC 138 have been actively involved in developing guidelines for training syllabuses (this Technical Report) and for NDT training organizations (ISO/TR 27108). These documents are intended to serve those involved in training and to be useful in achieving a uniform level of training material and — consequently — in the competence of personnel.
This document, together with ISO/TR 27108, represents two years of effort for working groups of the two technical committees in the promotion of harmonization and mutual recognition of minimum requirements taken from the different existing certification schemes.
The content of this first edition has been based on the experience of the experts as well as on comments from the end-user industries, as well as the most recent edition of the International Committee for Non-destructive testing (ICNDT) recommended guidelines.
The time allotment for the different topics takes into account the latest developments in each method and, as a consequence, the total duration can be sometimes greater than the minimum duration required by ISO 9712 and EN 473.
This Technical Report is to be revised in the coming years in order to maintain a workable document in line with the development of NDT methods and techniques.
ISO/TC 135 and CEN/TC 138 wish to express their appreciation to all those who contributed to the production of this publication.
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 1
Non-destructive testing — Guidelines for NDT training syllabuses
1 Scope
This Technical Report gives guidelines for non-destructive testing (NDT) training syllabuses, with the intention of harmonizing and maintaining the general standard of training of NDT personnel for industrial needs.
It also establishes the minimum requirements for effective structured training of NDT personnel to ensure eligibility for qualification examinations leading to third-party certification according to recognized standards. In addition to non-destructive testing in general, its guidelines for syllabuses cover acoustic emission, eddy current, leak, magnetic particle, penetrant, radiographic, ultrasonic and visual testing.
NOTE ISO/TR 27108 gives associated guidelines for NDT training organizations intended for the general part of training courses.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1330 (all parts), Non-destructive testing — Terminology
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1330 apply.
4 Introduction to NDT
4.1 Role
Non-destructive testing makes an important contribution to the safety, and economic and ecological welfare, of our society.
NDT is the only choice for the testing of an object which may not be destroyed, modified or degraded by the testing process. This is generally required for objects which are to be used after testing, for example, safety parts, pipelines, power plants, and also constructions under in-service inspection, but even for unique parts in archaeology and culture.
NDT is based on physical effects at the surface or the inner structure of the object under test. Often, the outcome of the test needs to be interpreted to give a useful result; sometimes different NDT methods must be combined, or verified by other test methods.
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
2 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
4.2 Task of NDT personnel
NDT personnel have a great responsibility, not only with respect to their employers or contractors but also under the rules of good workmanship. The NDT personnel must be independent and free from economic influences with regard to his test results, otherwise the results are compromised. The NDT personnel should be aware of the importance of his signature and the consequences of incorrect test results for safety, health and environment. Under legal aspects, the falsification of certificates is an offence and judged according to the national legal regulations. A tester may find himself in a conflicting situation about his findings with his employer, the responsible authorities or legal requirements.
Finally, the NDT personnel is responsible for all interpretations of test results carrying his signature. NDT personnel should never sign test reports beyond their certification.
4.3 History of NDT
The principle of NDT started to be put into practice with visual checks in prehistoric times. In medieval later centuries, test methods such as simple leakage tests and hardness checks were introduced. The breakthrough for NDT came with industrialization in the 19th and 20th centuries: X-ray and ultrasonic testing for inner defects, penetrant and magnetic particle testing for surface cracks. During the last few decades, sophisticated, mostly electronically linked methods, such as eddy current testing, RADAR, computer tomography and thermography have been developed. NDT methods have found application in a wide range of industries — from civil engineering and industrial plants to space and defence technology.
The history of NDT is linked to many famous researchers and inventors, including Röntgen, Becquerel, Curie, Oerstedt, Faraday and even Leonardo da Vinci. They discovered the physical principles and demonstrated early applications. Altogether approximately 5 000 scientists worldwide made contributions to the present state of NDT.
NDT is a global technology. Since NDT tasks and related technical problems are similar in all developed countries, improved solutions and new equipment are spread around the world within a few months. Many international conferences and standards committees contribute to a steady and consensual development of NDT for the benefit of safety, economy and the environment.
4.4 Terminology of NDT
Correct and standardized terminology is a necessity for a particular technology applied worldwide. It is needed for communication between contracting parties, NDT personnel and certifying bodies. Terms like “indication”, “imperfection”, “flaw” and “defect” require a precise and unequivocal definition if confusion and misinterpretation of results is to be avoided. See Clause 3.
4.5 General environmental and safety considerations
4.5.1 Non-destructive testing is often applied in conditions where the safety of the operator could be in danger owing to local conditions, or where the application of the particular NDT method or techniques could in itself compromise the safety of the operator and others in the vicinity.
An essential element of any course training for NDT personnel must therefore be safety. The duration of the training for this subject should be adequate and be provided in addition to the technical training associated with a particular NDT method.
4.5.2 General safety considerations include, but are not necessarily limited to, the following:
⎯ environmental conditions (heat, cold, humidity);
⎯ toxicity (NDT materials, tested products, atmosphere);
⎯ radiation safety (NDT materials, products, local regulations);
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 3
⎯ electrical safety (NDT equipment, lethal voltages, EMC);
⎯ potential for injury to personnel (working at height or in other dangerous environments);
⎯ personal protection equipment (clothing, radiation dosimeters).
5 Radiographic testing — Levels 1, 2 and 3
The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time respectively, in hours.
NOTE As specified in EN 473, direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level 1 and level 2.
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h 5.
1 In
trod
uctio
n to
, te
rmin
olog
y an
d hi
stor
y of
, ND
T
His
tory
P
urpo
se
Term
inol
ogy:
elec
trom
agne
tic ra
diat
ion
en
ergy
dose
dose
rate
E 0,
5 H
isto
ry
Pur
pose
Te
rmin
olog
y:
w
ave-
leng
th
do
se
do
se ra
te
in
tens
ity
do
se ra
te c
onst
ant
E 1,
0 H
isto
ry
Pur
pose
Te
rmin
olog
y R
elev
ant s
tand
ards
:
EN
133
0-3
E 1,
0
Prop
ertie
s of
X- a
nd g
amm
a ra
diat
ion
E 0,
5 P
0,5
Prop
ertie
s of
X- a
nd g
amm
a ra
diat
ion
E 1,
0 Pr
oper
ties
of ra
diat
ion
E 1,
0 5.
2 Ph
ysic
al p
rinci
ples
of
the
met
hod
and
asso
ciat
ed k
now
ledg
e
R
elev
ant s
tand
ards
:
EN
444
: Gen
eral
prin
cipl
es
P
hoto
n
X-ra
diog
raph
y
P
roce
ss o
f ion
izat
ion:
Gam
ma
radi
ogra
phy
Stra
ight
line
pro
paga
tion
phot
oche
mic
al e
ffect
s;
N
eutro
n ra
diog
raph
y
E
ffect
s of
radi
atio
n
bi
olog
ical
effe
cts;
Ele
ctro
n ra
diog
raph
y
C
apab
ility
of p
enet
ratio
n
flu
ores
cent
effe
cts.
E
nerg
y
Pro
cess
of i
oniz
atio
n:
ph
otoc
hem
ical
effe
cts;
biol
ogic
al e
ffect
s;
flu
ores
cent
effe
cts.
Gen
erat
ion
of X
-rad
iatio
n G
ener
atio
n of
X-r
adia
tion
E 1,
5 G
ener
atio
n of
X-r
adia
tion
E 2,
0
Func
tion
of X
-ray
tube
s Fu
nctio
n of
X-r
ay tu
bes
Fu
nctio
n of
X-r
ay tu
bes
Tube
cur
rent
I
E 1,
0 P
0,5
Spe
ctru
m:
S
pect
rum
:
H
igh
volta
ge U
:
in
tens
ity;
inte
nsity
;
effe
cts
on d
ose
rate
and
ene
rgy
of
radi
atio
n.
max
. ene
rgy;
effe
ctiv
e en
ergy
;
m
ax. e
nerg
y;
ef
fect
ive
ener
gy;
chan
ge o
f spe
ctru
m b
y tu
be
cu
rren
t and
tube
vol
tage
.
ch
ange
of s
pect
rum
by
tube
curr
ent a
nd tu
be v
olta
ge.
C
hara
cter
istic
radi
atio
n
In
here
nt fi
lterin
g
Inhe
rent
filte
ring
hard
enin
g ef
fect
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
4 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
O
rigin
of γ
-rad
iatio
n O
rigin
of γ
-rad
iatio
n E
1,5
Orig
in o
f γ-r
adia
tion
E 2,
0
R
adio
isot
ope
Ir 19
2, C
o 60
, Se
75
E 1,
0 P
0,5
Rad
io n
uclid
e
Nat
ural
and
arti
ficia
l dec
ay
deca
y se
ries
Is
otop
e Ir
192,
Co
60, S
e 75
, Yb
169
R
adio
nuc
lides
for N
DT
Act
ivity
:
Isot
ope
Ir 19
2, C
o 60
, Se
75, Y
b 16
9
half
life;
Act
ivity
A
A
ctiv
ity A
char
acte
ristic
s of
γ-s
ourc
es;
C
hara
cter
istic
s of
γ-s
ourc
es:
C
hara
cter
istic
s of
γ-s
ourc
es:
lif
e tim
e;
half
life;
ha
lf lif
e;
en
ergy
;
de
cay
curv
es m
axim
um a
ctiv
ity;
deca
y cu
rves
max
imum
act
ivity
;
activ
ity;
sour
ce s
ize.
so
urce
siz
e.
so
urce
siz
e.
C
hara
cter
istic
of G
amm
a ra
y
Cha
ract
eris
tic o
f Gam
ma
ray
Dos
e ra
te c
onst
ant
D
ose
rate
con
stan
t
S
pect
rum
and
effe
ctiv
e en
ergy
Spe
ctru
m a
nd e
ffect
ive
ener
gy
In
tera
ctio
n of
radi
atio
n w
ith
mat
ter
E 1,
0 In
tera
ctio
n of
radi
atio
n w
ith
mat
ter
Inte
ract
ion
of ra
diat
ion
with
m
atte
r E
6,0
A
ttenu
atio
n:
A
ttenu
atio
n:
E 3,
0 P
0,5
Atte
nuat
ion
vs. e
nerg
y:
abso
rptio
n;
phot
o ef
fect
;
ph
oto
effe
ct;
prim
ary
radi
atio
n;
cohe
rent
sca
tterin
g;
cohe
rent
sca
tterin
g;
scat
tere
d ra
diat
ion;
C
ompt
on s
catte
ring;
C
ompt
on s
catte
ring;
influ
ence
of p
enet
rate
d
thic
knes
s.
pair
prod
uctio
n.
pair
prod
uctio
n.
Ty
pe o
f mat
eria
l
Atte
nuat
ion
coef
ficie
nt
A
ttenu
atio
n co
effic
ient
E
nerg
y
Sca
tter r
adia
tion
S
catte
r rad
iatio
n
S
peci
fic c
ontra
st
S
peci
fic c
ontra
st
Rad
iatio
n co
ntra
st
R
adia
tion
cont
rast
H
alf v
alue
laye
r
Effe
cts
of fi
lterin
g
Effe
cts
of fi
lterin
g
Te
nth
valu
e la
yer
B
eam
har
deni
ng
B
eam
har
deni
ng
Kle
in-N
ishi
na la
w
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 5
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
Pr
oper
ties
of fi
lm s
yste
ms
and
scre
ens
Prop
ertie
s of
film
sys
tem
s an
d sc
reen
s Pr
oper
ties
of fi
lm s
yste
ms,
sc
reen
s an
d di
gita
l det
ectio
n s y
s te m
s
E 2,
0
C
onst
ruct
ion:
E 1,
0 P
1,0
Con
stru
ctio
n
E 2,
0 P
0,5
Add
ition
al to
leve
l 2
base
, em
ulsi
on, s
ilver
bro
mid
e;
gr
ain
size
and
dis
tribu
tion.
Late
nt im
age
info
rmat
ion
orig
in
Pho
to p
roce
ss
New
det
ecto
rs:
st
orag
e ph
osph
or im
agin
g pl
ates
;
flat p
anel
s;
X-
ray
inte
nsifi
er;
lin
e de
tect
or.
Pr
oces
sing
P
rope
rties
of f
ilms:
Pro
perti
es o
f film
sys
tem
s:
char
acte
ristic
cur
ve;
fil
m g
radi
ent,
film
con
trast
,
spee
d;
in
fluen
ce o
f film
pro
cess
ing;
se
nsiti
vity
;
se
nsiti
vity
;
gran
ular
ity;
co
ntra
st;
op
tical
den
sity
;
film
sys
tem
cla
ss.
gran
ular
ity;
de
tail
perc
eptib
ility.
C
lass
ifica
tion
of fi
lm s
yste
ms
acco
rdin
g to
EN
584
-1
C
lass
ifica
tion
of d
etec
tor s
yste
m
appl
icat
ion
Fi
lm s
cree
ns:
Fi
lm s
cree
ns:
ty
pe o
f film
scr
eens
;
ty
pe o
f scr
eens
;
inte
nsify
ing
effe
ct;
film
scr
een
cont
act;
fil
terin
g ef
fect
;
in
here
nt u
nsha
rpne
ss;
fil
m to
scr
een
cont
act.
inte
nsify
ing;
effe
ct o
f filt
erin
g;
sc
reen
s fo
r Co
60 a
nd L
inac
.
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
6 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
G
eom
etry
for r
adio
grap
hic
expo
sure
s E
1,0
P 0,
5 G
eom
etry
for r
adio
grap
hic
expo
sure
s E
3,0
P 1,
0 G
eom
etry
for r
adio
grap
hic
expo
sure
s E
2,0
P 2,
0
Add
ition
al to
leve
l 2
Geo
met
ric u
nsha
rpne
ss:
ob
ject
to fi
lm d
ista
nce;
fo
cus
size
d;
so
urce
to o
bjec
t dis
tanc
e.
Sou
rce
film
dis
tanc
e
Geo
met
ric u
nsha
rpne
ss:
ob
ject
to fi
lm d
ista
nce;
fo
cus
size
d;
so
urce
to o
bjec
t dis
tanc
e.
Sou
rce
film
dis
tanc
e
Det
erm
inat
ion
of th
e fo
cal s
pot:
si
ze o
f Gam
ma
sour
ces.
M
etho
d of
foca
l spo
t
mea
sure
men
t
acco
rdin
g to
EN
125
43,
E
N 1
2679
R
equi
rem
ents
for o
ptim
izat
ion
by
G
eom
etric
uns
harp
ness
, tot
al
U
nsha
rpne
ss
Fo
cus
size
, cur
rent
, vol
tage
S
ourc
e si
ze, a
ctiv
ity
5.3
Prod
uct k
now
ledg
e an
d ca
pabi
litie
s of
the
met
hod
and
its
deriv
ate
tech
niqu
es
Typi
cal w
eld
disc
ontin
uitie
s E
1,0
P
3,0
Typi
cal w
eld
disc
ontin
uitie
s E
3,0
P 1,
0 Ty
pica
l wel
d di
scon
tinui
ties
E 3,
0
Ty
pes
of d
isco
ntin
uity
acc
ordi
ng to
E
N IS
O 6
520
Type
s of
wel
d se
am a
nd w
eld
seam
pr
epar
atio
n
Wel
ding
pro
cess
orig
in
Type
of d
isco
ntin
uity
acc
ordi
ng to
E
N IS
O 6
520
Add
ition
al to
leve
l 2
In
trodu
ctio
n to
frac
ture
mec
hani
cs w
orki
ng lo
ad
M
ater
ials
pro
perti
es
O
rigin
of d
efec
ts
Fu
rther
ND
T m
etho
ds
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 7
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
Typi
cal d
efec
ts in
cas
tings
D
efec
ts in
cas
tings
D
efec
ts in
cas
tings
Type
s of
def
ect
E 1,
0 P
1,0
Cas
ting
proc
ess
E 3,
0 P
1,0
Cas
ting
proc
ess
E 2,
0 P
2,0
Ty
pes
of c
ast i
mpe
rfect
ions
and
thei
r or
igin
Type
s of
cas
t im
perfe
ctio
ns a
nd th
eir
orig
in
S
truct
ural
indi
catio
ns
S
truct
ural
indi
catio
ns
B
eam
dire
ctio
n to
det
ecta
bilit
y
Wor
king
load
M
ater
ials
pro
perti
es
Pro
duct
ion
caus
ed d
efec
ts
In
fluen
ce o
n de
tect
abili
ty:
Influ
ence
on
dete
ctab
ility
: E
2,0
P 1,
0 In
fluen
ce o
n de
tect
abili
ty:
E 2,
0
E 1,
0 P
0,5
ty
pe o
f def
ect;
si
ze;
or
ient
atio
n.
Imag
ed th
ickn
ess
rang
e
Num
ber o
f exp
osur
es
be
am d
irect
ion;
ge
omet
ric d
isto
rtion
;
in
crea
se in
wal
l thi
ckne
ss.
Imag
ed th
ickn
ess
rang
e
Thic
knes
s ra
nges
for X
- and
γ-ra
ys
Num
ber o
f exp
osur
es
be
am d
irect
ion;
ge
omet
ric d
isto
rtion
;
in
crea
se in
wal
l thi
ckne
ss.
Imag
ed th
ickn
ess
rang
e
Thic
knes
s ra
nges
for X
- and
γ-ra
ys
Num
ber o
f exp
osur
es v
s. d
isto
rtion
an
gle
5.4
Equi
pmen
t D
esig
n an
d op
erat
ion
of X
-ray
m
achi
nes
Des
ign
and
oper
atio
n of
X-r
ay
mac
hine
s E
2,0
P 1,
0 D
esig
n an
d op
erat
ion
of X
-ray
m
achi
nes
E 2,
0
S
tatio
nary
sys
tem
s, m
obile
uni
t
E 1,
5 P
1,5
Add
ition
al to
leve
l 1:
A
dditi
onal
to le
vel 2
:
Tu
bes:
in
here
nt fi
lterin
g;
beam
ope
ning
cha
ract
eris
tics;
glas
s- a
nd m
etal
-cer
amic
tube
pr
e-fil
terin
g.
X-ra
y fla
sh d
evic
es;
D
esig
n of
tube
s:
D
evic
es fo
r spe
cial
app
licat
ions
:
ro
d an
ode
devi
ces;
stan
dard
tube
;
m
icro
-focu
s tu
bes;
m
icro
-focu
s de
vice
s;
rod
anod
e tu
be;
enla
rgem
ent t
echn
ique
;
hi
gh-v
olta
ge d
evic
es.
shor
t ano
de tu
be.
radi
osco
py.
Li
ne fo
cus
tube
s
C
oolin
g: g
as, w
ater
, oil
Li
nac
R
otar
y an
ode
tube
s
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
8 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
Fo
cal s
pot
C
onst
ruct
ion
H
igh
volta
ge, m
ax. c
urre
nt
Fi
eld
of a
pplic
atio
n
E
xpos
ure
time
Ty
pica
l dat
es
D
iaph
ragm
S
afet
y ci
rcui
t
O
pera
ting
inst
ruct
ions
D
esig
n an
d op
erat
ion
of G
amm
a ra
y de
vice
s:
Des
ign
and
oper
atio
n of
Gam
ma
ray
devi
ces
E 2,
0 D
esig
n an
d op
erat
ion
of G
amm
a ra
y de
vice
s E
2,0
E 1,
5 P
1,0
Add
ition
al to
leve
l 1:
Sa
me
as le
vel 2
cr
awle
r for
pip
elin
es;
sp
ecia
l dev
ice
for t
estin
g of
heat
exc
hang
er tu
bes.
co
ntai
ner,
shie
ldin
g;
cl
ass
P/M
;
ty
pe A
/B (t
rans
porta
tion)
;
so
urce
hol
der a
nd s
ourc
e
caps
ule.
Enc
lose
d ra
dioa
ctiv
e m
ater
ial:
m
anip
ulat
ion
devi
ce;
co
nnec
tions
acc
esso
ry;
re
mot
e co
ntro
l;
co
llimat
ion;
fit
tings
.
Ope
ratin
g in
stru
ctio
ns
Ref
eren
ce to
nat
iona
l req
uire
men
ts
and
safe
ty re
gula
tions
A
cces
sorie
s fo
r rad
iogr
aphi
c te
stin
g
E
quip
men
t:
E 0,
5 P
0,5
lead
tape
mea
sure
;
hold
ing
mag
nets
;
lead
scr
eens
shi
eldi
ng;
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 9
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
rubb
er b
ands
etc
.;
radi
atio
n pr
otec
tion
equi
pmen
t.
5.5
Info
rmat
ion
prio
r to
test
ing
Writ
ten
proc
edur
es g
iven
E
0,5
Info
rmat
ion
abou
t the
test
obj
ect
E 2,
0 In
form
atio
n ab
out t
he te
st o
bjec
t an
d na
tiona
l req
uire
men
ts
E 4,
0
In
form
atio
n on
the
test
obj
ect
Id
entif
icat
ion
or d
esig
natio
n
Add
ition
al to
leve
l 2:
O
bjec
t dim
ensi
ons
Sel
ectio
n of
sta
ndar
ds fo
r spe
cific
te
stin
g ap
plic
atio
ns
Te
st c
lass
of s
tand
ard
Eur
opea
n st
anda
rds:
ap
plic
atio
n st
anda
rds;
E
quip
men
t to
be u
sed
ov
ervi
ew;
purp
ose;
E
xpos
ure
arra
ngem
ent
te
chni
cal c
onte
nts
and
sy
stem
atic
.
E
xten
t of t
estin
g (2
0 %
insp
ectio
n)
mar
king
P
rodu
ct s
peci
fic s
tand
ards
for
spec
ial i
ndus
trial
sec
tors
:
Mat
eria
l, di
men
sion
s, is
omet
rics:
num
ber o
f par
ts;
fie
ld o
f app
licat
ion;
kind
of m
anuf
actu
re;
ca
talo
gue
of d
efec
ts.
Test
con
ditio
ns:
ac
cess
ibili
ty;
in
frast
ruct
ure;
parti
cula
r tes
t con
ditio
ns.
A
pplic
able
sta
ndar
ds
O
verv
iew
S
tand
ards
ass
igne
d to
the
test
ob
ject
fo
r wel
ding
;
for c
astin
g;
fo
r pip
es;
pr
essu
rized
equ
ipm
ent
di
rect
ive.
P
repa
ratio
n of
writ
ten
inst
ruct
ions
ISO
sta
ndar
ds
Am
eric
an s
tand
ards
:
over
view
AS
ME
Cod
e
over
view
AS
TM s
tand
ards
Dev
elop
ing
proc
ess
E
3,0
5.6
Test
ing
Dar
kroo
m:
E 1,
5 P
1,0
E 3,
5 P
1,0
de
sign
;
deve
lope
r;
wat
er b
ath;
fixin
g ba
th;
Dev
elop
ing
proc
ess
Add
ition
al to
Lev
el 1
: P
roce
ssin
g eq
uipm
ent,
adju
stm
ent:
ch
ecki
ng;
st
orag
e of
une
xpos
ed fi
lms;
dark
room
ligh
t tes
t;
Dev
elop
ing
proc
ess
Prin
cipl
es
Pro
cess
ing
equi
pmen
t, ad
just
men
t:
chec
king
;
stor
age
of u
nexp
osed
film
s;
da
rkro
om li
ght t
est;
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
10 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
final
wat
er b
ath;
fo
g te
st;
fog
test
;
dryi
ng.
clea
ring
time;
cl
earin
g tim
e;
tally
she
et.
tally
she
et.
P
repa
ratio
n an
d re
gene
ratio
n of
ba
ths
U
se o
f film
strip
s ac
cord
ing
to
EN
584
-2:
fil
m p
roce
ssin
g fa
ults
P
roce
ss-c
ontro
lling
acco
rdin
g to
E
N 5
84-2
Use
of f
ilmst
rips
acco
rdin
g to
E
N 5
84-2
Ex
amin
atio
n of
wel
ded
join
ts
acco
rdin
g to
EN
143
5 E
10,5
P
10,0
Ex
amin
atio
n of
wel
ded
join
ts
acco
rdin
g to
EN
143
5 E
8,0
P 4,
0 Ex
plan
atio
n an
d di
scus
sion
of
EN 1
435
E 4,
0 P
8,0
S
cope
Sco
pe
S
cope
ba
sic
and
impr
oved
tech
niqu
es
Test
cla
sses
:
ba
sic
and
impr
oved
tech
niqu
es
Test
arr
ange
men
ts:
nu
mbe
r of e
xpos
ures
(EN
143
5:19
97, A
nnex
A)
Cho
ice
of e
nerg
y:
m
ax. X
-ray
vol
tage
;
pene
trate
d th
ickn
ess
rang
e fo
r
gam
ma
rays
;
sp
ecia
l opt
ions
.
Film
and
scr
een
choi
ce:
fil
m s
yste
m c
lass
es, t
ype
and
th
ickn
ess
of s
cree
ns
Min
imum
opt
ical
den
sity
Test
cla
sses
:
ba
sic
and
impr
oved
tech
niqu
es.
Test
arr
ange
men
ts:
nu
mbe
r of e
xpos
ures
(EN
143
5:19
97, A
nnex
A)
Cho
ice
of e
nerg
y:
m
ax. X
-ray
vol
tage
;
pene
trate
d th
ickn
ess
rang
e fo
r
gam
ma
rays
;
spec
ial o
ptio
ns.
Film
and
scr
een
choi
ce:
fil
m s
yste
m c
lass
es, t
ype
and
th
ickn
ess
of s
cree
ns
Min
imum
opt
ical
den
sity
Test
arr
ange
men
ts:
nu
mbe
r of e
xpos
ures
(EN
143
5:19
97, A
nnex
A)
Cho
ice
of e
nerg
y:
m
ax. X
-ray
vol
tage
;
pene
trate
d th
ickn
ess
rang
e fo
r
gam
ma
rays
;
sp
ecia
l opt
ions
.
Film
and
scr
een
choi
ce:
fil
m s
yste
m c
lass
es, t
ype
and
th
ickn
ess
of s
cree
ns
Min
imum
opt
ical
den
sity
M
inim
um s
ourc
e-to
-obj
ect d
ista
nce
M
inim
um s
ourc
e-to
-obj
ect d
ista
nce
M
inim
um s
ourc
e-to
-obj
ect d
ista
nce
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 11
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
Ex
amin
atio
n of
cas
tings
ac
cord
ing
to E
N 1
2681
E
6,0
P 4,
0 Ex
amin
atio
n of
cas
tings
ac
cord
ing
to E
N 1
2681
E
6,0
P 3,
0 Ex
plan
atio
n an
d di
scus
sion
of
EN 1
2681
E
4,0
P 6,
0
S
cope
Sco
pe fo
r com
plex
sha
ped
obje
cts
S
cope
for c
ompl
ex s
hape
d ob
ject
s
Te
st c
lass
es:
basi
c an
d im
prov
ed te
chni
ques
Test
arr
ange
men
ts:
nu
mbe
r of e
xpos
ures
Cho
ice
of e
nerg
y:
av
erag
e w
all t
hick
ness
;
m
ax. X
-ray
vol
tage
;
pe
netra
ted
thic
knes
s ra
nge
for
ga
mm
a ra
y;
sp
ecia
l opt
ions
.
Film
and
scr
een
choi
ce:
fil
m s
yste
m c
lass
es, t
ype
and
th
ickn
ess
of s
cree
ns.
Min
imum
opt
ical
den
sity
Min
imum
sou
rce-
to-o
bjec
t dis
tanc
e fil
m
Test
arr
ange
men
ts:
nu
mbe
r of e
xpos
ures
;
sp
ecia
l geo
met
ries.
Cho
ice
of e
nerg
y:
av
erag
e w
all t
hick
ness
;
m
ax. X
-ray
vol
tage
;
pe
netra
ted
thic
knes
s ra
nge
for
ga
mm
a ra
y;
sp
ecia
l opt
ions
.
Use
of e
nlar
gem
ent:
do
uble
film
tech
niqu
e;
w
all t
hick
ness
com
pens
atio
n us
e
of h
ighe
r ene
rgy,
har
deni
ng.
Film
and
scr
een
choi
ce:
film
sys
tem
cla
sses
, typ
e an
d th
ickn
ess
of s
cree
ns.
Min
imum
opt
ical
den
sity
Min
imum
sou
rce-
to-o
bjec
t dis
tanc
e fil
m
Test
arr
ange
men
ts:
nu
mbe
r of e
xpos
ures
;
sp
ecia
l geo
met
ries.
Cho
ice
of e
nerg
y:
av
erag
e w
all t
hick
ness
;
m
ax. X
-ray
vol
tage
;
pe
netra
ted
thic
knes
s ra
nge
for
ga
mm
a ra
y;
sp
ecia
l opt
ions
.
Incr
ease
of c
over
ed th
ickn
ess
rang
e:
do
uble
film
tech
niqu
e;
w
all t
hick
ness
equ
aliz
atio
n us
e of
high
er e
nerg
y, h
arde
ning
.
Film
and
scr
een
choi
ce:
film
sys
tem
cla
sses
, typ
e an
d th
ickn
ess
of s
cree
ns
Min
imum
opt
ical
den
sity
Min
imum
sou
rce-
to-o
bjec
t dis
tanc
e fil
m
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
12 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
W
orki
ng w
ith e
xpos
ure
char
ts
E 2,
0 P
2,0
Spec
ial t
echn
ique
s E
6,0
Dire
ct ra
diog
raph
y an
d ra
dios
copy
acc
ordi
ng to
EN
130
68
D
efin
ition
of e
xpos
ure
valu
e ex
posu
re ti
me
S
tere
o te
chni
que
Rou
nd a
bout
tech
niqu
e
Im
age
dete
ctor
s:
flu
oros
cope
;
E 2,
0 P
2,0
C
orre
ctio
n of
exp
osur
e tim
e fo
r di
ffere
nt:
Te
stin
g of
cor
rosi
on d
amag
e
Enl
arge
men
t with
mic
ro-fo
cus
flat p
anel
s;
X-
ray
inte
nsifi
er;
film
-foca
lspo
t-dis
tanc
e FF
D;
R
eal-t
ime
tech
niqu
e:
cam
era
and
TV-s
yste
ms.
optic
al d
ensi
ty;
fluor
esce
nt s
cree
ns;
A
pplic
atio
ns:
rela
tive
film
exp
osur
e fa
ctor
.
ra
dios
copy
;
se
rial p
rodu
ctio
n te
stin
g;
com
pute
d ra
diog
raph
y;
dyna
mic
al te
stin
g;
docu
men
tatio
n, p
ictu
re a
rchi
ve.
spec
ial m
ater
ials
.
Li
mits
of t
he m
etho
d:
reso
lutio
n;
dyna
mic
;
sign
al-to
-noi
se-ra
tio;
mod
ulat
ion
trans
fer f
unct
ion.
B
asic
imag
e pr
oces
sing
:
mon
itorin
g;
docu
men
tatio
n.
Sp
ecia
l tec
hniq
ues
E 3,
0
S
tere
o te
chin
ique
R
ound
abo
ut te
chin
ique
Te
stin
g of
cor
rosi
on d
amag
e
E
nlar
gem
ent w
ith m
icro
focu
s
S
peci
al a
spec
ts fo
r rad
iogr
aphy
of
mat
eria
ls w
ith h
igh
and
low
den
sity
Lo
w v
olta
ge ra
diog
raph
y
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 13
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
R
adio
grap
hy o
f art
obje
cts:
light
allo
ys;
plas
tics;
pre-
filte
ring.
H
igh-
volta
ge ra
diog
raph
y:
conc
rete
test
ing.
Fi
lm-s
cree
n-sy
stem
s pr
e-fil
terin
g:
inte
rmed
iate
filte
ring;
heav
y w
alle
d ca
stin
g;
spec
ial r
adia
tion
prot
ectio
n,
co
ntam
inat
ion.
Im
age
qual
ity in
dica
tors
ac
cord
ing
to E
N 4
62-1
, EN
462
-2,
EN 4
62-3
E 1,
0 Im
age
qual
ity in
dica
tors
ac
cord
ing
to E
N 4
62-1
, EN
462
-2,
EN 4
62-3
E 2,
0 Im
age
qual
ity in
dica
tors
ac
cord
ing
to E
N 4
62-1
, EN
462
-2,
EN 4
62-3
, EN
462
-4, E
N 4
62-5
E 1,
0
Def
initi
on o
f Im
age
qual
ity n
umbe
r de
sign
of I
QI:
P
0,5
IQ
I pos
ition
of d
iffer
ent
ex
posu
res;
imag
e qu
ality
cla
sses
;
imag
e qu
ality
num
ber.
Add
ition
al to
Lev
el 1
:
im
age
qual
ity n
umbe
r for
oth
er
m
ater
ials
acc
ordi
ng E
N 4
62-4
;
dete
ctio
n of
uns
harp
ness
with
dupl
ex-in
dica
tor
ac
cord
ing
EN
462
-5.
Sam
e as
Lev
el 2
:
re
leva
nce
of im
age
qual
ity
in
dica
tors
;
inte
rnat
iona
l im
age
qual
ity
in
dica
tors
.
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
14 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
E
1,0
P 0,
5 D
rafti
ng a
n N
DT
inst
ruct
ion
for
the
test
ing
of w
eldi
ng a
nd
cast
ings
E 6,
0 D
rafti
ng a
n N
DT
inst
ruct
ion
for
the
test
ing
of w
eldi
ng a
nd
cast
ings
E 23
,0
Org
aniz
atio
n of
sim
ple
test
pr
oced
ures
Com
plet
e or
gani
zatio
n of
test
pr
oced
ures
in c
ombi
natio
n w
ith o
ther
N
DT
met
hods
Sys
tem
of m
arki
ng
Obj
ect t
o fil
m a
ssig
nmen
t:
pe
rman
ent m
arki
ng o
f the
obj
ect;
ze
ro p
oint
, inc
rem
enta
l cou
nt
di
rect
ion;
m
arke
r tap
e;
po
sitio
n of
mar
king
s on
the
ob
ject
Inte
grat
ion
of in
tern
al p
riorit
ies
Cho
ice
of te
stin
g m
etho
d:
tim
e of
test
ing;
ra
diat
ion
prot
ectio
n eq
uipm
ent.
Per
sonn
el q
ualif
icat
ion
Cos
t est
imat
ion:
m
anpo
wer
cos
ts;
fo
r equ
ipm
ent;
fo
r con
sum
able
;
fo
r aux
iliar
y at
tach
men
t sec
ond
ex
posu
res
afte
r rep
air.
Sel
ectio
n of
spe
cific
atio
ns fo
r ap
plic
atio
n an
d ev
alua
tion
Exa
mpl
e of
writ
ten
prac
tice
for w
eld
insp
ectio
n ac
cord
ing
to A
STM
Test
obj
ects
:
am
bien
t con
ditio
ns;
re
fere
nce
docu
men
ts,
sp
ecifi
catio
ns, s
tand
ards
;
ch
oice
of r
adia
tion
sour
ce;
ch
oice
of a
dequ
ate
dire
ctio
n of
radi
atio
n;
fil
m lo
catio
n pl
an;
id
entif
icat
ion
of te
st p
iece
and
radi
ogra
phs;
nu
mbe
r of e
xpos
ures
;
pe
rform
ance
of t
he te
st a
nd
re
porti
ng o
f tes
t res
ults
;
vi
ewin
g of
the
film
s;
cl
assi
ficat
ion
of d
efec
ts;
as
sess
men
t of t
he re
sults
acco
rdin
g to
app
licab
le c
odes
and
stan
dard
s;
lis
t of r
equi
red
acce
ssor
ies.
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 15
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h 5.
7 Ev
alua
tion
and
repo
rtin
g
E 1,
5 P
1,0
E 2,
0 B
asic
of e
valu
atio
n E
1,0
Bas
ics
of e
valu
atio
n
Vie
win
g co
nditi
ons:
ro
om c
ondi
tion;
vi
ewin
g tim
e;
la
psed
tim
e af
ter d
azzl
ing;
fil
m il
lum
inat
or, l
umin
ance
;
de
nsity
mea
sure
men
t.
Bas
ics
of e
valu
atio
n A
dditi
onal
to L
evel
1:
M
ach
effe
ct.
Film
illu
min
ator
acc
ordi
ng to
E
N 2
5580
:
min
. lum
inan
ce;
ho
mog
enei
ty fa
ctor
.
Phy
siol
ogic
al fa
ctor
s:
ey
esig
ht;
ad
apta
tion
prio
r to
view
ing.
Film
illu
min
ator
acc
ordi
ng to
E
N 2
5580
:
min
. lum
inan
ce;
ho
mog
enei
ty fa
ctor
.
Phy
siol
ogic
al fa
ctor
s:
ey
esig
ht;
ad
apta
tion
prio
r to
view
ing.
Ev
alua
tion
of ra
diog
raph
s E
2,0
Eval
uatio
n of
radi
ogra
phs
E 3,
5 Ev
alua
tion
of ra
diog
raph
s E
2,0
V
erifi
catio
n th
e im
age
qual
ity
P 1,
0 V
erifi
catio
n of
imag
e qu
ality
Ver
ifica
tion
of im
age
qual
ity
P 2,
0
R
epor
t of s
impl
e w
eldi
ng a
nd c
astin
g im
perfe
ctio
ns
R
epor
t of i
mpe
rfect
ions
Rep
ort o
f im
perfe
ctio
ns
Te
st re
port
: E
1,0
Che
ck o
f tes
t rep
ort
E 4,
0 Fe
asib
ility
of t
est r
epor
t E
3,0
P
2,0
Doe
s it
com
ply
with
the
exam
inat
ion
stan
dard
?
Con
firm
atio
n of
the
radi
ogra
phic
im
age
qual
ity v
s. te
st re
port
P 2,
0
w
eldi
ng a
ccor
ding
to E
N 1
435;
cast
ings
acc
ordi
ng to
EN
126
81.
C
onfo
rmed
to th
e te
st q
ualit
y
A
chie
ved
test
cla
ss
A
chie
ved
imag
e qu
ality
cla
ss
A
chie
ved
diag
nost
ic c
over
age
of te
st
obje
ct
5.8
Ass
essm
ent
Cla
ssifi
catio
n of
impe
rfec
tions
Ty
pe, s
ize,
loca
lizat
ion,
freq
uenc
y E
12,5
P
6,0
Cla
ssifi
catio
n of
impe
rfec
tions
Ty
pe, s
ize,
loca
lizat
ion,
freq
uenc
y E
8,0
P 7,
0
Wel
ding
:
Wel
ding
:
acco
rdin
g to
EN
ISO
581
7;
acco
rdin
g to
EN
ISO
581
7;
acco
rdin
g to
EN
120
62 o
r IS
O 1
7635
;
ac
cord
ing
to E
N 1
2062
or
ISO
176
35 ;
acco
rdin
g E
N 1
2517
;
ac
cord
ing
to E
N 1
2517
;
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
16 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
acco
rdin
g to
sta
ndar
d on
insp
ectio
n of
pre
ssur
e ve
ssel
s
(EN
134
45-5
);
acco
rdin
g to
sta
ndar
d on
insp
ectio
n of
pre
ssur
e ve
ssel
s
(E
N 1
3445
-5);
cast
ing;
ca
stin
g;
acco
rdin
g to
AS
TM.
acco
rdin
g to
AS
TM.
E
valu
atio
n ca
talo
gue
to
EN
ISO
581
7
Eva
luat
ion
cata
logu
e to
E
N IS
O 5
817
A
STM
cat
alog
ue
A
STM
cat
alog
ue
O
ther
nat
iona
l tra
inin
g ca
talo
gues
Oth
er n
atio
nal t
rain
ing
cata
logu
es
In
fluen
ce o
f man
ufac
ture
and
m
ater
ial
In
fluen
ce o
f man
ufac
ture
and
m
ater
ial
5.9
Qua
lity
aspe
cts
Pers
onne
l qua
lific
atio
n (a
ccor
ding
to E
N 4
73 a
nd IS
O 9
712)
E 1,
0 Pe
rson
nel q
ualif
icat
ion
(acc
ordi
ng to
EN
473
and
ISO
971
2)E
2,0
Pers
onne
l qua
lific
atio
n (a
ccor
ding
to E
N 4
73 a
nd IS
O 9
712)
E 2,
0
E
quip
men
t ver
ifica
tion
E
quip
men
t ver
ifica
tion
E
quip
men
t ver
ifica
tion
W
ritte
n in
stru
ctio
ns
Fo
rmat
of w
orki
ng p
roce
dure
s
Tr
acea
bilit
y of
doc
umen
ts
Tr
acea
bilit
y of
doc
umen
ts
O
ther
ND
T qu
alifi
catio
n an
d ce
rtific
atio
n sc
hem
e
A
revi
ew o
f app
licab
le N
DT
appl
icat
ion
and
prod
uct s
tand
ards
A re
view
of a
pplic
able
ND
T ap
plic
atio
n an
d pr
oduc
t sta
ndar
ds
5.10
D
evel
opm
ents
A
ltern
ativ
e de
tect
ors
to fi
lm
Flat
pan
el d
etec
tors
E
0,5
Inno
vativ
e ra
diol
ogic
al
tech
niqu
es
3-di
men
sion
al ra
diol
ogy
test
ing:
E 4,
5
ster
eo te
chni
que;
mul
ti an
gle
tech
niqu
e;
com
pute
d la
min
ogra
phy;
com
pute
d to
mog
raph
y:
prin
cipl
e;
appl
icat
ions
;
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 17
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
digi
tal i
mag
e pr
oces
sing
;
film
dig
itiza
tion;
imag
e en
hanc
emen
t.
Tota
l dur
atio
n
E 40
,5
E
83
E
91,5
P
32,5
P 20
P 31
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
18 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
6 U
ltras
onic
test
ing
— L
evel
s 1,
2 a
nd 3
The
lette
rs E
and
P fo
llow
ed b
y a
valu
e in
dica
te th
e ed
ucat
iona
l tra
inin
g tim
e an
d pr
actic
al tr
aini
ng ti
me
resp
ectiv
ely,
in h
ours
.
NO
TE
As
spec
ified
in E
N 4
73, d
irect
acc
ess
to th
e le
vel 3
exa
min
atio
n re
quire
s th
e to
tal h
ours
sho
wn
for l
evel
1 a
nd le
vel 2
.
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h 6.
1 In
trod
uctio
n to
, te
rmin
olog
y an
d hi
stor
y of
, ND
T
Task
of n
on-d
estr
uctiv
e te
stin
g —
Pe
rson
nel
His
tory
of N
DT
Term
inol
ogy
of N
DT
(EN
133
0-1
and
EN
133
0-2)
E 1,
0 R
evie
w o
f lev
el 1
kno
wle
dge
Term
inol
ogy
and
defin
ition
s of
UT
E 1,
0 Te
rmin
olog
y an
d de
finiti
ons
of U
TO
verv
iew
of s
tand
ards
: IS
O,
CE
N a
nd n
atio
nal (
gene
ral,
and
prod
ucts
)
E 1,
5
H
isto
ry o
f UT
Te
rmin
olog
y of
UT
(EN
133
0-4)
6.2
Phys
ical
prin
cipl
es o
f th
e m
etho
d an
d as
soci
ated
kno
wle
dge
Rel
evan
t sta
ndar
ds:
E
N 5
83-1
to E
N 5
83-6
E
N 1
4127
R
evie
w o
f mat
hem
atic
al b
asic
s P
hysi
cal d
efin
ition
s an
d ty
pica
l pa
ram
eter
s
E 10
,0
E 16
,0
Sam
e as
leve
l 2 p
lus:
Isot
ropi
c an
d an
isot
ropi
c
mat
eria
ls
P
heno
men
a of
gui
ded
pr
opag
atio
n
V
eloc
ity m
easu
rem
ent a
nd
di
sper
sion
E 16
,0
S
inus
oida
l mov
emen
t, am
plitu
de,
perio
d, fr
eque
ncy,
wav
elen
gth,
pr
opag
atio
n ve
loci
ty
Phys
ical
def
initi
ons
and
typi
cal
para
met
ers
Sam
e as
leve
l 1 p
lus:
acou
stic
impe
danc
e, fa
ctor
s of
refle
ctio
n an
d tra
nsm
issi
on
(n
orm
al b
eam
onl
y);
be
am p
ropa
gatio
n.
R
elat
ion
betw
een
velo
city
and
el
astic
pro
perti
es o
f mat
eria
l
Vario
us ty
pes
of w
ave
mod
es
Va
rious
type
s of
wav
e m
odes
Lo
ngitu
dina
l wav
es
S
ame
as le
vel 1
plu
s:
Tran
sver
se w
aves
Con
cept
s of
sur
face
wav
es o
r R
ayle
igh
wav
es a
nd o
f pla
te w
aves
or
Lam
b w
aves
exte
nded
kno
wle
dge
of s
urfa
ce
w
aves
or R
ayle
igh
wav
es a
nd
of
pla
te w
aves
or L
amb
wav
es;
cr
eepi
ng w
aves
.
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 19
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
Ref
lect
ion
and
refr
actio
n
Ref
lect
ion
and
refr
actio
n
N
orm
al in
cide
nce,
tran
smis
sion
, and
re
flect
ion
S
ame
as le
vel 1
plu
s ac
oust
ic
pres
sure
In
cide
nce
obliq
ue
Sne
ll’s
law
C
ritic
al a
ngle
s, m
ode
conv
ersi
on
Tr
ansm
issi
on a
nd re
cept
ion
of
ultr
ason
ic w
aves
Tran
smis
sion
and
rece
ptio
n of
ul
tras
onic
wav
es
Pie
zo-e
lect
ric e
ffect
Fe
rro-
elec
trici
ty o
r ele
ctro
stric
tion
Mag
neto
stric
tion
S
ame
as le
vel 1
Fe
rro-
elec
trici
ty o
r ele
ctro
stric
tion
Mag
neto
stric
tion
Tr
ansd
ucer
cha
ract
eris
tics
Tr
ansd
ucer
cha
ract
eris
tics
M
ater
ial,
dim
ensi
ons,
pie
zo-e
lect
ric
cons
tant
s
Sam
e as
leve
l 1 (d
eepe
r kno
wle
dge)
C
hara
cter
istic
s of
the
beam
of a
ci
rcul
ar tr
ansd
ucer
Cha
ract
eris
tics
of th
e be
am o
f a
circ
ular
tran
sduc
er
In
fluen
ce o
f tra
nsdu
cer f
requ
ency
an
d di
amet
er
S
ame
as le
vel 1
plu
s:
ch
arac
teris
tics
of th
e be
am o
f a
re
ctan
gula
r tra
nsdu
cer;
N
ear f
ield
(Fre
snel
zon
e)
beam
pro
filin
g.
Fa
r fie
ld (F
raun
hofe
r zon
e)
Bea
m d
iver
genc
e
Bea
m d
iver
genc
e fa
ctor
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
20 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
6.3
Prod
uct k
now
ledg
e an
d re
late
d ca
pabi
lity
of th
e m
etho
d an
d de
rived
tech
niqu
es
Vario
us d
efec
ts re
late
d to
the
man
ufac
turin
g pr
oces
ses
and
serv
ice-
indu
ced
defe
cts
rela
ted
to
the
defin
ed s
ecto
rs
Impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
test
ing
tech
niqu
es a
ccor
ding
to p
rodu
cts
and
to e
xpec
ted
disc
ontin
uitie
s
E 4,
0 E
8,0
E 8,
0
In
fluen
ce o
f geo
met
ry a
nd s
truct
ure
(spu
rious
ech
oes,
sou
nd
atte
nuat
ion)
Sam
e as
leve
l 1 p
lus:
ta
ndem
(zon
es);
se
lect
ion
of
trans
duce
rs
for
re
quire
d re
solu
tion
and
redu
ctio
n
of n
oise
(typ
e, fr
eque
ncy,
siz
e);
im
mer
sion
;
TO
FD;
ph
ased
arra
ys.
Influ
ence
of t
he m
ain
para
met
ers
Sam
e as
leve
l 2 p
lus:
ch
oice
of t
echn
ique
s (c
onta
ct,
im
mer
sion
, tra
nsm
issi
on,
re
sona
nce,
etc
.);
E
MA
T;
m
ultip
le p
robe
arra
ys.
A c
ompr
ehen
sive
und
erst
andi
ng a
nd
know
ledg
e of
the
man
ufac
turin
g pr
oces
ses
and
asso
ciat
ed
met
allu
rgy
and
flaw
type
s et
c.
A c
ompr
ehen
sive
und
erst
andi
ng a
nd
know
ledg
e of
the
caus
e an
d fo
rmat
ion
of in
-ser
vice
def
ects
in
clud
ing
asso
ciat
ed m
etal
lurg
y an
d fla
w ty
pes,
etc
.
E 8,
0 E
8,0
6.4
Equi
pmen
t
E 8,
0 P
4,0
P 4,
0 P
4,0
Vario
us p
robe
s (n
orm
al,
angl
e, d
ual):
inst
rum
ents
(ana
logi
cal a
nd
digi
tal);
puls
e ge
nera
tion;
rece
ptio
n an
d am
plifi
catio
n (p
erce
ntag
e an
d dB
);
rang
e se
tting
;
A- s
can
pres
enta
tion;
B- a
nd C
-sca
n pr
esen
tatio
n.
Sam
e as
leve
l 1 p
lus:
de
taile
d kn
owle
dge
of th
e
diffe
rent
func
tions
of U
T te
st
eq
uipm
ent;
au
tom
atic
and
sem
i-aut
omat
ic
sy
stem
s;
B
- and
C-s
can
pres
enta
tion
(d
eepe
r kno
wle
dge)
;
co
upla
nt (d
eepe
r kno
wle
dge)
;
ca
libra
tion
refe
renc
e an
d
trans
fer b
lock
s.
Sam
e as
leve
l 2 p
lus:
sy
stem
s (m
anua
l/sem
i-
auto
mat
ic, a
utom
atic
,): s
peed
,
incr
emen
tatio
n, re
peat
abilit
y,
et
c.;
an
alog
flaw
det
ecto
rs
(d
iffer
ent c
ircui
ts);
di
gita
l fla
w d
etec
tors
(com
paris
on w
ith a
nalo
g fla
w
de
tect
ors,
sam
plin
g-ra
te);
sp
ecia
l equ
ipm
ent i
nclu
ding
thic
knes
s m
easu
rem
ent.
Pro
bes:
dy
nam
ic ra
nge;
pr
obes
for i
mm
ersi
on: f
ocus
ed,
sp
heric
al, c
ylin
dric
al, F
erm
at
su
rface
;
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 21
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
A
dditi
onal
func
tions
:
coup
lant
.
m
easu
rem
ent o
f pul
se le
ngth
prac
tical
mes
urem
ent o
f the
near
fiel
d;
sh
oe (d
elay
, cur
vatu
re, e
tc.);
co
nnec
ting
cabl
es (s
ealin
g,
in
sula
tion
and
flexi
bilit
y;
bl
ocks
— re
pres
enta
tivity
.
Sam
e as
leve
l 1 (d
eepe
r kn
owle
dge)
plu
s Sa
me
as le
vel 2
plu
s
Sel
ectio
n of
tech
nica
l par
amet
ers:
6.
5
Info
rmat
ion
prio
r to
test
ing
Writ
ten
inst
ruct
ions
(pre
pare
d by
a
leve
l 2 o
r 3):
ob
ject
ives
;
re
quire
men
ts.
E 2,
0
cont
ents
and
requ
irem
ents
of
inst
ruct
ions
, pro
cedu
res
and
stan
dard
s.
E 2,
0 P
8,0
pr
oduc
ts —
geo
met
ry, s
urfa
ce
qu
ality
, acc
essi
bilit
y,
en
viro
nmen
t, et
c.;
E 2,
0 P
8,0
U
T in
dica
tion/
disc
ontin
uity
/def
ect:
ty
pe, o
rigin
, sha
pe,d
imen
sion
,
orie
ntat
ion,
tilt/
skew
, etc
.;
prop
ertie
s of
the
equi
pmen
t.
P
repa
ratio
n of
writ
ten
inst
ruct
ions
Pre
para
tion
of w
ritte
n sp
ecifi
catio
ns
Sam
e as
leve
l 2 p
lus:
Sa
me
as le
vel 1
(dee
per
know
ledg
e) p
lus:
6.
6
Test
ing
Verif
icat
ion
of c
ombi
ned
equi
pmen
t (a
ccor
ding
to E
N 1
2668
-3)
E 8,
0 P
16,0
re
fere
nce
refle
ctor
s (la
ws
of
di
stan
ce a
nd s
ize)
;
E 12
,0
P 16
,0
cont
rol a
nd a
sses
smen
t of
proc
edur
es a
nd in
stru
ctio
ns fo
r the
ir ef
ficie
ncy.
E 8,
0
P 8,
0
St
anda
rdiz
ed c
alib
ratio
n bl
ocks
re
f: E
N 1
2223
and
EN
279
63
DG
S-m
etho
d;
D
AC
-cur
ves;
C
onta
ct te
chni
que
(str
aigh
t and
an
gle
beam
) R
efle
ctio
n
dist
ance
/am
plitu
de-c
orre
ctio
n;
tra
nsfe
r cor
rect
ion
(sur
face
and
atte
nuat
ion)
;
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
22 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
Tr
ansm
issi
on
sizi
ng te
chni
ques
, prin
cipl
es
an
d lim
itatio
ns;
Im
mer
sion
tech
niqu
es (s
trai
ght
and
angl
e be
am)
scan
ning
.
R
efle
ctio
n
Tr
ansm
issi
on
Setti
ng o
f ran
ge a
nd s
ensi
tivity
R
efer
ence
refle
ctor
s
Tr
ansf
er c
orre
ctio
n
U
ltras
onic
thic
knes
s m
easu
rem
ent
E
quip
men
t
Te
chni
ques
6.7
Eval
uatio
n an
d re
port
ing
Det
ectin
g, lo
catin
g (tr
igon
omet
rical
rule
s) a
nd s
izin
g te
chni
ques
R
ecor
ding
and
eva
luat
ion
leve
l A
ccep
tanc
e le
vels
E 4,
0 P
4,0
E 4,
0 P
8,0
E 4,
0 P
4,0
Te
st re
ports
S
yste
m o
f coo
rdin
ates
Sam
e as
leve
l 1 (d
eepe
r kn
owle
dge)
plu
s:
char
acte
rizat
ion
(pla
nar/n
on-p
lana
r ac
cord
ing
to E
N 1
713
for w
elds
); in
terp
reta
tion
and
eval
uatio
n of
in
dica
tions
.
M
easu
rem
ent (
prob
e, re
flect
or)
Cal
cula
ted
valu
es
Use
of c
ompl
emen
tary
ND
T m
etho
ds:
inte
rpre
tatio
n of
rele
vant
stan
dard
s an
d co
des;
eval
uatio
n (c
onve
ntio
nal
appr
oach
, val
idat
ed m
etho
d);
dist
inct
ion
defe
ct/a
rtefa
ct;
acce
ptan
ce c
riter
ia;
leve
l of s
igni
fican
t var
iatio
n;
stor
age
and
reco
rdin
g pr
oces
s.
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 23
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h Ev
alua
tion
and
conf
irmat
ion
of
test
repo
rts
App
licat
ion
of th
e ac
cept
ance
:
6.8
Ass
essm
ent
(Not
app
licab
le)
cr
iteria
acc
ordi
ng to
sta
ndar
ds,
co
des
and
proc
edur
es
E 4,
0 D
etai
led
know
ledg
e of
how
to
clas
sify
and
ass
ess
obse
rvat
ions
, an
alys
e th
e re
sults
and
com
pare
th
em to
cod
es, s
tand
ards
and
de
sign
spe
cific
atio
ns, e
tc.
E 4,
0
How
to d
evel
op c
odes
, sta
ndar
ds
and
desi
gn s
peci
ficat
ions
, etc
., in
to
clea
r acc
epta
nce
crite
ria to
be
writ
ten
into
pro
cedu
res
and
inst
ruct
ions
.
Als
o ho
w to
find
in
form
atio
n/as
sist
ance
to in
vest
igat
e ob
serv
atio
ns n
ot c
over
ed b
y co
des
and
stan
dard
s an
d de
velo
p ac
cept
ance
crit
eria
. The
trai
ning
of
leve
ls 1
and
2 fo
r the
se a
ccep
tanc
e cr
iteria
.
6.9
Qua
lity
aspe
cts
Pers
onne
l qua
lific
atio
n (a
ccor
ding
to E
N 4
73 a
nd IS
O 9
712)
E 1,
0 Pe
rson
nel q
ualif
icat
ion
(acc
ordi
ng to
EN
473
and
ISO
971
2)E
1,0
P 2,
0 Pe
rson
nel q
ualif
icat
ion
and
resp
onsi
bilit
y (a
ccor
ding
to E
N 4
73 a
nd IS
O 9
712)
E 2,
0 P
4,0
E
quip
men
t ver
ifica
tion
E
quip
men
t ver
ifica
tion
E
quip
men
t ver
ifica
tion
W
ritte
n in
stru
ctio
ns
Fo
rmat
of w
orki
ng p
roce
dure
s
Tr
acea
bilit
y of
doc
umen
ts
Tr
acea
bilit
y of
doc
umen
ts
O
ther
ND
T qu
alifi
catio
n an
d ce
rtific
atio
n sy
stem
s
A
revi
ew o
f app
licab
le N
DT
appl
icat
ions
and
pro
duct
sta
ndar
ds
6.10
D
evel
opm
ents
(N
ot a
pplic
able
)
Gen
eral
info
rmat
ion
E 1,
0 N
ewes
t dev
elop
men
ts fo
r ind
ustri
al
and
scie
ntifi
c ap
plic
atio
ns o
f UT:
e.g
. to
mog
raph
y ho
logr
aphy
, aco
ustic
m
icro
scop
y.
E 1,
0
Tota
l dur
atio
n
E 38
P
24
E
57
P 38
E 54
.5
P 28
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
24 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
7 Ed
dy c
urre
nt te
stin
g —
Lev
els
1, 2
and
3
The
lette
rs E
and
P fo
llow
ed b
y a
valu
e in
dica
te th
e ed
ucat
iona
l tra
inin
g tim
e an
d pr
actic
al tr
aini
ng ti
me
resp
ectiv
ely,
in h
ours
.
NO
TE
As
spec
ified
in E
N 4
73, d
irect
acc
ess
to th
e le
vel 3
exa
min
atio
n re
quire
s th
e to
tal h
ours
sho
wn
for l
evel
1 a
nd le
vel 2
.
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
7.1
Intr
oduc
tion
to,
term
inol
ogy
and
hist
ory
of, N
DT
Gen
eral
ities
on
ND
T:
Wha
t is
test
ing?
Wha
t is
the
purp
ose
of N
DT?
At w
hat s
tage
of t
he li
fe o
f a
“pro
duct
” is
ND
T pe
rform
ed?
How
do
es it
add
val
ue?
Who
may
car
ry
out N
DT?
Mai
n N
DT
met
hods
.
E 1,
0 G
ener
aliti
es o
n N
DT:
Wha
t is
test
ing?
Wha
t is
the
purp
ose
of N
DT?
At w
hat s
tage
of t
he li
fe o
f a
“pro
duct
” is
ND
T pe
rform
ed?
How
do
es it
add
val
ue W
ho m
ay c
arry
out
N
DT?
Mai
n N
DT
met
hods
.
E 1,
0 G
ener
aliti
es o
n N
DT:
Wha
t is
test
ing?
Wha
t is
the
purp
ose
of N
DT?
At w
hat s
tage
of t
he li
fe o
f a
“pro
duct
” is
ND
T pe
rform
ed?
How
do
es it
add
val
ue?
Who
may
car
ry
out N
DT?
Mai
n N
DT
met
hods
.
E 0,
5
Ed
dy c
urre
nt te
stin
g
Eddy
cur
rent
test
ing
Ed
dy c
urre
nt te
stin
g
Def
initi
on: e
lect
rom
agne
tic
inte
ract
ion
betw
een
a se
nsor
and
a
test
obj
ect c
ondu
ctin
g el
ectri
city
, pr
ovid
ing
info
rmat
ion
on p
hysi
cal
char
acte
ristic
s of
the
test
obj
ect.
D
efin
ition
: ele
ctro
mag
netic
in
tera
ctio
n be
twee
n a
sens
or a
nd a
te
st o
bjec
t con
duct
ing
elec
trici
ty,
prov
idin
g in
form
atio
n on
phy
sica
l ch
arac
teris
tics
of th
e te
st o
bjec
t.
D
efin
ition
: ele
ctro
mag
netic
in
tera
ctio
n be
twee
n a
sens
or a
nd a
te
st o
bjec
t con
duct
ing
elec
trici
ty,
prov
idin
g in
form
atio
n on
phy
sica
l ch
arac
teris
tics
of th
e te
st o
bjec
t.
H
isto
ry o
f the
met
hod
H
isto
ry o
f the
met
hod
H
isto
ry o
f the
met
hod
Te
rmin
olog
y
Term
inol
ogy
Te
rmin
olog
y
E
N 1
330-
1 an
d E
N 1
330-
2
EN
133
0-1
and
EN
133
0-2
E
N 1
330-
1 an
d E
N 1
330-
2
E
N 1
330-
5
EN
133
0- 5
EN
133
0- 5
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 25
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h R
elev
ant s
tand
ards
:
EN
120
84: G
ener
al p
rinci
ples
7.
2
Phys
ical
prin
cipl
es
and
asso
ciat
ed
know
ledg
e
Not
ions
nec
essa
ry fo
r un
ders
tand
ing
eddy
cu
rren
t tes
ting.
The
kn
owle
dge
asso
ciat
ed
with
the
phys
ical
pr
inci
ples
(phy
sics
, m
athe
mat
ics)
may
, as
wel
l, be
the
obje
ct o
f a
prel
imin
ary
cour
se o
f tra
inin
g.
Fund
amen
tals
Elec
tric
ity —
ele
men
ts
Dire
ct c
urre
nt: c
urre
nt, v
olta
ge,
resi
stan
ce, c
ondu
ctan
ce, O
hm's
law
, re
sist
ivity
, con
duct
ivity
. Uni
ts,
cond
uctiv
ity v
alue
s fo
r som
e m
etal
s.
E 5,
0 P
2,0
Fund
amen
tals
Elec
tric
ity
Dire
ct c
urre
nt: c
urre
nt, v
olta
ge,
resi
stan
ce, c
ondu
ctan
ce, O
hm's
law
, re
sist
ivity
, con
duct
ivity
. Uni
ts,
cond
uctiv
ity v
alue
s fo
r som
e m
etal
s.
E 5,
0 P
4,0
Fund
amen
tals
Elec
tric
ity
Dire
ct c
urre
nt: c
urre
nt, v
olta
ge,
resi
stan
ce, c
ondu
ctan
ce, O
hm's
law
, re
sist
ivity
, con
duct
ivity
. Uni
ts,
cond
uctiv
ity v
alue
s fo
r som
e m
etal
s.
E 4,
0
Alte
rnat
ing
curre
nt: s
inus
oida
l cu
rren
t and
vol
tage
, am
plitu
de,
frequ
ency
, per
iod,
pha
se.
A
ltern
atin
g cu
rrent
: sin
usoi
dal
curr
ent a
nd v
olta
ge, a
mpl
itude
, fre
quen
cy, p
erio
d, p
hase
. Vec
tor
repr
esen
tatio
n.
A
ltern
atin
g cu
rrent
: sin
usoi
dal
curr
ent a
nd v
olta
ge, a
mpl
itude
, fre
quen
cy, p
erio
d, p
hase
. Vec
tor
repr
esen
tatio
n. O
ther
per
iodi
c cu
rren
ts.
M
agne
tism
Mag
netis
m
M
agne
tism
Mag
netis
m: m
agne
tic fi
eld,
line
s of
fo
rce,
mag
netic
fiel
d st
reng
th.
Per
mea
bilit
y, fl
ux d
ensi
ty (i
nduc
tion)
. Fl
ux. H
yste
resi
s lo
op. U
nits
.
M
agne
tism
: mag
netic
fiel
d, li
nes
of
forc
e, m
agne
tic fi
eld
stre
ngth
. P
erm
eabi
lity,
flux
den
sity
(ind
uctio
n).
Flux
. Hys
tere
sis
loop
. Rel
ucta
nce.
M
agne
to-m
otiv
e fo
rce.
Uni
ts.
M
agne
tism
: mag
netic
fiel
d, li
nes
of
forc
e, m
agne
tic fi
eld
stre
ngth
. P
erm
eabi
lity,
flux
den
sity
(ind
uctio
n).
Flux
. Hys
tere
sis
loop
. Rel
ucta
nce.
M
agne
to-m
otiv
e fo
rce.
Uni
ts.
D
iam
agne
tism
, par
amag
netis
m,
ferr
omag
netis
m.
D
iam
agne
tism
, par
amag
netis
m,
ferr
omag
netis
m.
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
26 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
Elec
trom
agne
tism
Elec
trom
agne
tism
Elec
trom
agne
tism
Mag
netic
fiel
d cr
eate
d by
a c
urre
nt,
(wire
, coi
l). E
lect
rom
agne
tic
indu
ctio
n ph
enom
enon
, ind
ucta
nce,
E
lect
rom
agne
tic c
oupl
ing.
Indu
ced
curr
ents
and
sec
onda
ry fi
eld.
Len
z’s
law
M
agne
tic fi
eld
crea
ted
by a
cur
rent
, (w
ire, c
oil).
Ele
ctro
mag
netic
in
duct
ion
phen
omen
on, i
nduc
tanc
e,
mut
ual i
nduc
tion.
Ele
ctro
mag
netic
co
uplin
g. In
duce
d cu
rren
ts a
nd
seco
ndar
y fie
ld. L
enz’
s la
w
M
agne
tic fi
eld
crea
ted
by a
cur
rent
, (w
ire, c
oil).
Ele
ctro
mag
netic
in
duct
ion
phen
omen
on, i
nduc
tanc
e,
mut
ual i
nduc
tion.
Ele
ctro
mag
netic
co
uplin
g. In
duce
d cu
rren
ts a
nd
seco
ndar
y fie
ld. L
enz’
s la
w
E
ddy
curr
ent d
istri
butio
n in
co
nduc
ting
mat
eria
ls:
E
ddy
curr
ent d
istri
butio
n in
co
nduc
ting
mat
eria
ls:
E
ddy
curr
ent d
istri
butio
n in
co
nduc
ting
mat
eria
ls:
dept
h of
pen
etra
tion,
am
plitu
de,
ph
ase;
pl
anar
wav
e: s
tand
ard
dept
h of
pene
tratio
n, a
mpl
itude
, pha
se;
plan
ar w
ave:
sta
ndar
d de
pth
of
pe
netra
tion,
am
plitu
de, p
hase
;
char
acte
ristic
freq
uenc
y.
C
ylin
dric
al c
ondu
ctor
s:
ch
arac
teris
tic fr
eque
ncy.
Cyl
indr
ical
con
duct
ors:
char
acte
ristic
freq
uenc
y.
Im
peda
nce.
Impe
danc
e.
Com
plex
pla
ne re
pres
enta
tion.
Impe
danc
e.
Com
plex
pla
ne re
pres
enta
tion.
Im
peda
nce
plan
e di
agra
ms.
Impe
danc
e pl
ane
diag
ram
s.
7.
3 Pr
oduc
t kno
wle
dge
and
rela
ted
capa
bilit
y of
the
met
hod
and
deriv
ed te
chni
ques
App
licat
ions
of e
ddy
curr
ent t
estin
g M
etal
sor
ting
Mea
sure
men
t of a
phy
sica
l pa
ram
eter
: con
duct
ivity
, fer
rite
cont
ent ,
thic
knes
s of
coa
tings
, etc
.
E 4,
0 P
4,0
Man
ufac
turin
g re
late
d di
scon
tinui
ties
(typi
cal f
law
s)
Ser
vice
indu
ced
disc
ontin
uitie
s (fl
aws)
.
E 3,
0 P
3,0
Man
ufac
turin
g re
late
d di
scon
tinui
ties
(typi
cal f
law
s)
Ser
vice
indu
ced
disc
ontin
uitie
s (fl
aws)
.
E 3,
0 P
3,0
D
etec
tion
of lo
cal d
isco
ntin
uitie
s (fl
aws)
.
Mat
eria
l pro
perti
es in
fluen
cing
edd
y cu
rren
t tes
ting:
con
duct
ivity
, pe
rmea
bilit
y.
M
ater
ial p
rope
rties
influ
enci
ng e
ddy
curr
ent t
estin
g: c
ondu
ctiv
ity,
perm
eabi
lity.
Cap
abilit
ies:
dept
h of
pen
etra
tion,
con
duct
ive
m
ater
ials
;
non-
cont
act,
high
-spe
ed, h
igh-
tem
pera
ture
, may
be
mec
hani
zed
P
rodu
ct c
hara
cter
istic
s in
fluen
cing
ed
dy c
urre
nt te
stin
g:
co
nditi
on (s
urfa
ce c
ondi
tion,
heat
trea
tmen
t, co
ld w
orki
ng,
te
mpe
ratu
re, e
tc.),
sha
pe, w
all
th
ickn
ess,
acc
essi
bilit
y.
P
rodu
ct c
hara
cter
istic
s in
fluen
cing
ed
dy c
urre
nt te
stin
g: c
ondi
tion
(sur
face
con
ditio
n, h
eat t
reat
men
t, co
ld w
orki
ng, t
empe
ratu
re, e
tc.),
sh
ape,
wal
l thi
ckne
ss, a
cces
sibi
lity.
Tech
niqu
es: s
ingl
e fre
quen
cy,
mul
tifre
quen
cy, m
ultip
aram
eter
Pro
duct
s be
ing
test
ed:
se
mi-f
inis
hed
prod
ucts
, pip
es,
he
at e
xcha
nger
tube
s,
m
echa
nica
l par
ts (e
.g. c
ar,
ra
ilway
and
airc
raft
indu
stry
),
wel
ds (e
.g. o
ffsho
re)
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 27
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
App
licat
ions
of e
ddy
curr
ent t
estin
g:
m
etal
sor
ting
Mea
sure
men
t of a
phy
sica
l pa
ram
eter
:
co
nduc
tivity
, fer
rite
cont
ent,
th
ickn
ess
of c
oatin
gs, e
tc.
Det
ectio
n of
loca
l dis
cont
inui
ties
(flaw
s)
Cap
abilit
ies:
de
pth
of p
enet
ratio
n, c
ondu
ctiv
e
mat
eria
ls.
Non
-con
tact
, hig
h-sp
eed,
hig
h-
tem
pera
ture
, may
be
mec
hani
zed
Tech
niqu
es: s
ingl
e fre
quen
cy,
mul
tifre
quen
cy, m
ultip
aram
eter
. R
emot
e fie
ld.
Cod
es a
nd s
tand
ards
App
licat
ions
of e
ddy
curr
ent t
estin
g:
m
etal
sor
ting
Mea
sure
men
t of a
phy
sica
l pa
ram
eter
:
co
nduc
tivity
, thi
ckne
ss o
f
coat
ings
, etc
.
Det
ectio
n of
loca
l dis
cont
inui
ties
(flaw
s)
Cap
abilit
ies:
de
pth
of p
enet
ratio
n, c
ondu
ctiv
e
mat
eria
ls.
Non
-con
tact
, hig
h-sp
eed,
hig
h-
tem
pera
ture
, may
be
mec
hani
zed
Tech
niqu
es: s
ingl
e fre
quen
cy,
mul
tifre
quen
cy, m
ultip
aram
eter
. R
emot
e fie
ld.
Cod
es a
nd s
tand
ards
7.4
Equi
pmen
t
Eddy
cur
rent
test
ing
syst
em:
in
stru
men
t, pr
obe,
refe
renc
e
bloc
ks.
Rel
evan
t sta
ndar
ds:
E
N 1
3860
-1 a
nd E
N 1
3860
-2
E 3,
0 Ed
dy c
urre
nt te
stin
g sy
stem
:
in
stru
men
t, pr
obe,
refe
renc
e
bloc
ks.
Rel
evan
t sta
ndar
ds:
E
N 1
3860
-1 a
nd E
N 1
3860
-2
E 6,
0 Ed
dy c
urre
nt te
stin
g sy
stem
:
in
stru
men
t, pr
obe,
refe
renc
e
bloc
ks.
Rel
evan
t sta
ndar
ds:
E
N 1
3860
-1 a
nd E
N 1
3860
-2
E 4,
0
G
ener
al p
urpo
se a
pplic
atio
n in
stru
men
t: es
sent
ial f
unct
ions
.
Gen
eral
pur
pose
app
licat
ion
inst
rum
ent:
esse
ntia
l fun
ctio
ns.
S
peci
fic a
pplic
atio
n in
stru
men
ts.
S
peci
fic a
pplic
atio
n in
stru
men
ts.
P
robe
func
tions
: com
bine
d or
se
para
te tr
ansm
it- re
ceiv
e.
P
robe
func
tions
: com
bine
d or
se
para
te tr
ansm
it- re
ceiv
e.
P
robe
fam
ily: s
urfa
ce, c
oaxi
al
P
robe
fam
ily: s
urfa
ce, c
oaxi
al
P
robe
des
igns
.
Pro
be d
esig
ns.
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
28 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
M
easu
rem
ents
: abs
olut
e,
diffe
rent
ial,
othe
rs
M
easu
rem
ents
: abs
olut
e,
diffe
rent
ial,
othe
rs.
M
easu
rem
ents
: abs
olut
e,
diffe
rent
ial,
othe
rs.
O
utpu
t and
sig
nal d
ispl
ay
O
utpu
t and
sig
nal d
ispl
ay.
O
utpu
t and
sig
nal d
ispl
ay.
R
efer
ence
blo
cks:
mat
eria
l, de
sign
, pr
oduc
tion,
sto
rage
.
Ref
eren
ce b
lock
s: m
ater
ial,
desi
gn,
prod
uctio
n, s
tora
ge.
M
echa
nize
d eq
uipm
ent.
M
echa
nize
d eq
uipm
ent.
Cod
es a
nd s
tand
ards
.
Cod
es a
nd s
tand
ards
.
7.5
Info
rmat
ion
prio
r to
test
ing
Info
rmat
ion
on th
e pr
oduc
t: gr
ade,
m
etal
lurg
ical
con
ditio
n, s
hape
. Typ
e of
dis
cont
inui
ties
antic
ipat
ed a
nd
loca
tion,
dut
y of
the
prod
uct.
Exte
nt
of e
xam
inat
ion.
E 2,
0 In
form
atio
n on
the
prod
uct:
grad
e,
met
allu
rgic
al c
ondi
tion,
sha
pe. T
ype
of d
isco
ntin
uitie
s an
ticip
ated
and
lo
catio
n, d
uty
of th
e pr
oduc
t. Ex
tent
of
exa
min
atio
n.
E 2,
0 In
form
atio
n on
the
prod
uct:
grad
e,
met
allu
rgic
al c
ondi
tion,
sha
pe. T
ype
of d
isco
ntin
uitie
s an
ticip
ated
and
lo
catio
n, d
uty
of th
e pr
oduc
t. Ex
tent
of
exa
min
atio
n.
E 2,
0
Info
rmat
ion
on te
st c
ondi
tions
: te
mpe
ratu
re, h
umid
ity, a
cces
s,
avai
labi
lity,
unw
ante
d in
terfe
ring
sign
als,
ele
ctric
and
/or m
agne
tic
dist
urba
nces
.
In
form
atio
n on
test
con
ditio
ns:
tem
pera
ture
, hum
idity
, acc
ess,
av
aila
bilit
y, u
nwan
ted
inte
rferin
g si
gnal
s, e
lect
ric a
nd/o
r mag
netic
di
stur
banc
es.
In
form
atio
n on
test
con
ditio
ns:
tem
pera
ture
, hum
idity
, acc
ess,
av
aila
bilit
y, u
nwan
ted
inte
rferin
g si
gnal
s, e
lect
ric a
nd/o
r mag
netic
di
stur
banc
es.
P
repa
ratio
n of
writ
ten
inst
ruct
ions
Use
of o
ther
ND
T m
etho
ds.
Cod
es, s
tand
ards
, spe
cific
atio
ns.
7.
6 Te
stin
g R
efer
ence
blo
cks:
des
ign,
pr
oduc
tion,
sto
rage
. E
2,0
P 12
,0
Ref
eren
ce b
lock
s: d
esig
n,
prod
uctio
n, s
tora
ge.
Pro
be: s
elec
tion,
as
a re
sult
of th
e in
form
atio
n in
7.5
.
E 2,
0 P
12,0
R
efer
ence
blo
cks:
des
ign,
pr
oduc
tion,
sto
rage
. P
robe
: sel
ectio
n or
des
ign,
as
a re
sult
of th
e in
form
atio
n in
7.5
.
E 3,
0 P
3,0
O
pera
ting
cond
ition
s:
O
pera
ting
cond
ition
s as
a re
sult
of
the
info
rmat
ion
in 7
.5:
O
pera
ting
cond
ition
s as
a re
sult
of
the
info
rmat
ion
in 7
.5:
exci
tatio
n fre
quen
cy a
nd, i
f
nece
ssar
y, a
uxili
ary
fre
quen
cies
;
exci
tatio
n fre
quen
cy a
nd if
nece
ssar
y au
xilia
ry
fre
quen
cies
;
exci
tatio
n fre
quen
cy a
nd if
nece
ssar
y au
xilia
ry
fre
quen
cies
.
prob
e sp
eed,
pro
be c
lear
ance
,
prob
e vi
brat
ion
and
cent
ring.
pr
obe
spee
d, p
robe
cle
aran
ce,
pr
obe
vibr
atio
n an
d ce
ntrin
g.
prob
e sp
eed,
pro
be c
lear
ance
,
prob
e vi
brat
ion
and
cent
ring.
C
alib
ratio
n cu
rves
Cal
ibra
tion
curv
es.
C
alib
ratio
n cu
rves
.
S
ettin
gs: d
ata
acqu
isiti
on
proc
edur
e/in
stru
ctio
ns.
S
ettin
gs: d
ata
acqu
isiti
on p
roce
dure
Set
tings
: dat
a ac
quis
ition
pro
cedu
re.
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 29
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h 7.
7 Ev
alua
tion
And
R
epor
ting
(Eva
luat
ion
not a
pplic
able
) E
1,0
P 1,
0 Ev
alua
tion
Cha
ract
eris
atio
n of
the
indi
catio
ns:
sing
le fr
eque
ncy
anal
ysis
, m
ultif
requ
ency
ana
lysi
s, d
ata
anal
ysis
pro
cedu
re.
E 2,
0 P
2,0
Eval
uatio
n C
hara
cter
izat
ion
of th
e in
dica
tions
: si
ngle
freq
uenc
y an
alys
is,
mul
tifre
quen
cy a
naly
sis,
dat
a an
alys
is p
roce
dure
.
E 3,
0 P
2,0
R
epor
ting
R
epor
ting
R
epor
ting
Exa
min
atio
n re
port
R
epor
ting
leve
l
Rep
ortin
g le
vel
Exa
min
atio
n re
port
E
xam
inat
ion
repo
rt
7.8
Ass
essm
ent
(Not
app
licab
le)
Acc
epta
nce
crite
ria
Cod
es, s
tand
ards
E
2,0
Acc
epta
nce
crite
ria
Sig
nific
ance
of d
isco
ntin
uitie
s E
4,0
—
Cod
es, s
tand
ards
7.9
Qua
lity
aspe
cts
Per
sonn
el q
ualif
icat
ion
(acc
ordi
ng to
E
N 4
73 a
nd IS
O 9
712)
E
1,0
Per
sonn
el q
ualif
icat
ion
(acc
ordi
ng to
E
N 4
73 a
nd IS
O 9
712)
E
1,0
P 2,
0 P
erso
nnel
qua
lific
atio
n (a
ccor
ding
to
EN
473
and
ISO
971
2)
E 2,
0 P
4,0
E
quip
men
t ver
ifica
tion
E
quip
men
t ver
ifica
tion
E
quip
men
t ver
ifica
tion
Writ
ten
inst
ruct
ions
Form
at o
f wor
king
pro
cedu
res
Trac
eabi
lity
of d
ocum
ents
Trac
eabi
lity
of d
ocum
ents
O
ther
ND
T qu
alifi
catio
n an
d ce
rtific
atio
n sy
stem
s
A
revi
ew o
f app
licab
le N
DT
appl
icat
ion
and
prod
uct s
tand
ards
7.10
D
evel
opm
ents
(N
ot a
pplic
able
) G
ener
al in
form
atio
n E
1,0
Arr
ay p
robe
s P
ulse
d ed
dy c
urre
nts
E 4,
0 P
2,0
Non
indu
ctiv
e te
chni
ques
: Mag
neto
-O
ptic
al Im
agin
g, S
QU
ID, G
iant
m
agne
to-re
sist
ance
Imag
ing
—
Mod
ellin
g
Tota
l dur
atio
n
E 19
,0
P 19
,0
E
25,0
P
23,0
E 29
,5
P 14
,0
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
30 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
8 Pe
netr
ant t
estin
g —
Lev
els
1, 2
and
3
The
lette
rs E
and
P fo
llow
ed b
y a
valu
e in
dica
te th
e ed
ucat
iona
l tra
inin
g tim
e an
d pr
actic
al tr
aini
ng ti
me
resp
ectiv
ely,
in h
ours
.
NO
TE
As
spec
ified
in E
N 4
73, d
irect
acc
ess
to th
e le
vel 3
exa
min
atio
n re
quire
s th
e to
tal h
ours
sho
wn
for l
evel
1 a
nd le
vel 2
.
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
8.1
Intr
oduc
tion
to,
term
inol
ogy
and
hist
ory
of, N
DT
His
tory
Pur
pose
Term
inol
ogy
Pro
duct
fam
ily
EN
ISO
127
06
Pen
etra
nt
Dev
elop
er
Rem
over
Ref
eren
ce b
lock
exa
mpl
e
E 0,
5
His
tory
Pur
pose
Term
inol
ogy
Pro
duct
fam
ily
EN
ISO
127
06
Sen
sitiv
ity le
vel
Pos
t em
ulsi
fiabl
e
Dua
l pur
pose
pen
etra
nt
Bac
kgro
und
E 1,
0 H
isto
ry
Pur
pose
Term
inol
ogy
Pro
duct
fam
ily
EN
ISO
127
06
Sen
sitiv
ity le
vel
Pos
t em
ulsi
fiabl
e
Dua
l pur
pose
pen
etra
nt
Bac
kgro
und
E 2,
0
8.2
Phys
ical
prin
cipl
es o
f th
e m
etho
d an
d as
soci
ated
kno
wle
dge
Rel
evan
t sta
ndar
ds:
E
N 5
71-1
: Gen
eral
prin
cipl
es
Vis
cosi
ty
Ble
ed o
ut
Flas
h po
int
E 0,
5 R
elev
ant s
tand
ards
:
EN
571
-1: G
ener
al p
rinci
ples
Vis
cosi
ty
Ble
ed o
ut
Cap
illarit
y
E 2,
0 R
elev
ant s
tand
ards
:
EN
571
-1: G
ener
al p
rinci
ples
Phy
sica
l bas
ics
of th
e m
etho
d
Sup
erfic
ial t
ensi
on
Vis
cosi
ty
E 2,
0
E
mul
sific
atio
n of
pen
etra
nt
Fl
ash
poin
t
Con
tact
ang
le
D
evel
opm
ent
E
mul
sific
atio
n of
pen
etra
nt
V
apou
r pre
ssur
e
C
olou
red
and
fluor
esce
nt p
enet
rant
8.3
Prod
uct k
now
ledg
e an
d ca
pabi
litie
s of
the
met
hod
and
its
deriv
ate
tech
niqu
es
Typi
cal d
efec
ts a
ccor
ding
to th
e m
anuf
actu
ring
proc
ess
(forg
ings
, ca
stin
gs, r
ollin
g, w
eldi
ng, e
tc.)
E 1,
0
P 2,
0
Typi
cal d
efec
ts a
ccor
ding
to th
e m
anuf
actu
ring
proc
ess
(forg
ings
, ca
stin
gs, r
ollin
g, w
eldi
ng, e
tc.)
E 1,
5
P 1,
5
Typi
cal d
efec
ts a
ccor
ding
to th
e m
anuf
actu
ring
proc
ess
(forg
ings
, ca
stin
gs, r
ollin
g, w
eldi
ng, e
tc.)
Wel
ding
pro
cess
, cas
ting
proc
ess,
pr
oces
s of
rolle
d ba
rs
E 2,
0
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 31
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h 8.
4 Eq
uipm
ent
Des
ign
and
oper
atio
n of
pen
etra
nt
inst
alla
tions
and
uni
ts
E 1,
0 P
1,0
Des
ign
and
oper
atio
n of
pen
etra
nt
inst
alla
tions
and
uni
ts
E 2,
0 D
esig
n an
d op
erat
ion
of p
enet
rant
in
stal
latio
ns a
nd u
nits
E
2,0
A
eros
ol s
pray
can
s
Ele
ctro
stat
ic s
yste
ms,
flui
dize
d be
d
Sem
i-aut
omat
ic a
nd a
utom
atic
sy
stem
s E
lect
rost
atic
sys
tem
s, fl
uidi
zed
bed
Dip
inst
alla
tions
, bru
shin
g, li
ght
sour
ces,
mea
surin
g un
its a
nd
refe
renc
e bl
ocks
(EN
345
2-3
and
EN
345
2-4)
V
iew
ing
cond
ition
(EN
ISO
305
9)
A
eros
ol s
pray
can
s
Aer
osol
spr
ay c
ans
Dip
inst
alla
tions
, bru
shin
g, li
ght
sour
ces,
mea
surin
g un
its a
nd
refe
renc
e bl
ocks
(EN
345
2-3
and
EN
345
2-4)
V
iew
ing
cond
ition
(EN
ISO
305
9)
D
ip in
stal
latio
ns, b
rush
ing,
ligh
t so
urce
s, m
easu
ring
units
and
re
fere
nce
bloc
ks (E
N 3
452-
3 an
d E
N 3
452-
4)
(A
ccor
ding
to v
ario
us s
tand
ards
e.g
. E
N IS
O 3
452-
4)
Vie
win
g co
nditi
on (E
N IS
O 3
059)
8.5
Info
rmat
ion
prio
r the
te
st
Verif
icat
ion
that
the
test
obj
ect i
s in
sui
tabl
e co
nditi
on fo
r tes
ting
E 0,
5 In
form
atio
n ab
out t
he te
st o
bjec
t, pr
epar
e w
ritte
n in
stru
ctio
ns
E 1,
0 P
1,0
Prep
are
writ
ten
proc
edur
e E
4,0
W
ritte
n in
stru
ctio
ns a
re g
iven
Iden
tific
atio
n or
des
igna
tion
Mat
eria
l, di
men
sion
s, fi
eld
of
appl
icat
ion
Kin
d of
pro
duct
fam
ily, c
atal
ogue
of
defe
cts
Test
con
ditio
ns
App
licab
le s
tand
ards
and
cod
es,
assi
gned
to th
e te
st o
bjec
t
Iden
tific
atio
n or
des
igna
tion
Mat
eria
l, di
men
sion
s, fi
eld
of
appl
icat
ion
Kin
d of
pro
duct
fam
ily, c
atal
ogue
of
defe
cts
Test
con
ditio
ns
App
licab
le s
tand
ards
and
cod
es,
assi
gned
to th
e te
st o
bjec
t
8.6
Test
ing
Perf
orm
ance
of t
he te
st
E 1,
0 P
1,0
Prep
arat
ion
and
perf
orm
ance
of
the
test
E
1,0
P 3,
0 Pr
epar
atio
n of
the
test
E
1,0
A
ccor
ding
to w
ritte
n in
stru
ctio
ns
P
repa
ratio
n of
writ
ten
inst
ruct
ions
ac
cord
ing
to E
N 1
371-
1,
A
ccor
ding
to E
N 5
71-1
E
N 1
0228
-2, E
N 1
289
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
32 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
8.7
Eval
uatio
n an
d re
port
ing
Test
repo
rt
E 1,
0 P
2,0
Che
ck te
st re
port
E
1,0
P 0,
5 W
ritte
n pr
oced
ure
with
che
ck o
f te
st re
port
s:
E 1,
0
w
eldi
ng a
ccor
ding
to E
N 5
71-1
;
wel
ding
acc
ordi
ng to
EN
571
-1;
w
eldi
ng a
ccor
ding
to E
N 5
71-1
;
ca
stin
g ac
cord
ing
to E
N 1
371-
1;
ca
stin
g ac
cord
ing
to E
N 1
371-
1;
ca
stin
g ac
cord
ing
to E
N 1
371-
1;
fo
rgin
g ac
cord
ing
to E
N 1
0228
-2;
fo
rgin
g ac
cord
ing
to E
N 1
0228
-2;
fo
rgin
g ac
cord
ing
to E
N 1
0228
-2.
ro
lled
prod
ucts
.
B
asic
s of
eva
luat
ion
B
asic
s of
eva
luat
ion
V
iew
ing
cond
ition
s ac
cord
ing
to
EN
ISO
305
9 E
0,5
Vie
win
g co
nditi
ons
acco
rdin
g to
E
N IS
O 3
059
E 1,
0 V
iew
ing
cond
ition
s ac
cord
ing
to
EN
ISO
305
9 E
1,0
R
efer
ence
blo
ck N
o. 2
(acc
ordi
ng to
E
N IS
O 3
452-
3)
P 1,
0 R
efer
ence
blo
ck N
os. 1
and
2
acco
rdin
g to
EN
ISO
345
2-3
P 1,
5 R
efer
ence
blo
ck N
os. 1
and
2
acco
rdin
g to
EN
ISO
345
2-3
V
erifi
catio
n th
e in
dica
tion
qual
ity
O
ther
use
d re
fere
nce
bloc
ks
O
ther
use
d re
fere
nce
bloc
ks
R
epor
t of s
impl
e w
eldi
ng, f
orgi
ng,
rolle
d pr
oduc
ts a
nd c
astin
g im
perfe
ctio
ns
C
alib
ratio
n of
test
uni
ts b
atch
test
re
port
C
alib
ratio
n of
test
uni
ts
E 1,
0 P
1,0
Eval
uatio
n
Ver
ifica
tion
the
indi
catio
n qu
ality
E 1,
0 P
1,5
Eval
uatio
n
Ver
ifica
tion
the
indi
catio
n qu
ality
E 0,
5
R
epor
t of d
isco
ntin
uitie
s ac
cord
ing
to E
N 1
289,
EN
137
1-1,
EN
102
28-2
8.8
Ass
essm
ent
Ass
essm
ent o
f dis
cont
inui
ties
E 0,
5 A
sses
smen
t of d
isco
ntin
uitie
s E
1,0
Ass
essm
ent o
f dis
cont
inui
ties
E 0,
5
D
epth
, wid
th, s
hape
, pos
ition
, or
ient
atio
n
Influ
ence
of m
anuf
actu
re a
nd
mat
eria
l
Dep
th, w
idth
, sha
pe, p
ositi
on,
orie
ntat
ion
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 33
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
8.9
Qua
lity
aspe
cts
Per
sonn
el q
ualif
icat
ion
(acc
ordi
ng to
E
N 4
73 a
nd IS
O 9
712)
E
1,0
Per
sonn
el q
ualif
icat
ion
(acc
ordi
ng to
E
N 4
73 a
nd IS
O 9
712)
E
1,0
P 2,
0 P
erso
nnel
qua
lific
atio
n (a
ccor
ding
to
EN
473
and
ISO
971
2)
E 2,
0 P
3,0
E
quip
men
t ver
ifica
tion
E
quip
men
t ver
ifica
tion
E
quip
men
t ver
ifica
tion
Writ
ten
inst
ruct
ions
Form
at o
f wor
king
pro
cedu
res
Trac
eabi
lity
of d
ocum
ents
Trac
eabi
lity
of d
ocum
ents
A re
view
of a
pplic
able
ND
T ap
plic
atio
n an
d pr
oduc
t sta
ndar
ds
O
ther
ND
T qu
alifi
catio
n an
d ce
rtific
atio
n sy
stem
s
A re
view
of a
pplic
able
ND
T ap
plic
atio
n an
d pr
oduc
t sta
ndar
ds
8.10
En
viro
nmen
tal a
nd
safe
ty c
ondi
tions
Dis
posi
ng o
f che
mic
als
Pen
etra
nts
Dev
elop
er
Em
ulsi
fier
Mat
eria
l of p
roce
ss e
xces
s re
mov
al
Saf
ety
data
she
et
E 0,
5 D
ispo
sing
of c
hem
ical
s P
enet
rant
s D
evel
oper
E
mul
sifie
r M
ater
ial o
f pro
cess
exc
ess
rem
oval
S
afet
y da
ta s
heet
A
ctiv
e ca
rbon
met
hod,
ultr
afilt
ratio
n m
etho
d U
V-r
adia
tion,
ele
ctric
al h
azar
d di
spos
al is
regu
late
d by
nat
iona
l re
gula
tions
E 2,
0 D
ispo
sing
of c
hem
ical
s P
enet
rant
s,
Sol
uble
Rem
over
, dev
elop
er
Saf
ety
data
she
ets
UV
-rad
iatio
n, e
lect
rical
haz
ard
E 1,
5
A
revi
ew o
f app
licab
le N
DT
appl
icat
ion
and
prod
uct s
tand
ards
8.
11
Dev
elop
men
ts
(Not
app
licab
le)
S
peci
al in
stal
latio
ns
E 0,
5 C
reat
ive
and
inno
vativ
e sp
ecia
l in
stal
latio
ns
E 0,
5
A
utom
otiv
e in
stal
latio
ns (e
xam
ples
)
Aut
omot
ive
inst
alla
tions
(exa
mpl
es)
Tube
inst
alla
tions
Tota
l dur
atio
n
E 9
P 8
E
16
P 11
E 20
P
3
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
34 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
9 M
agne
tic p
artic
le te
stin
g —
Lev
els
1, 2
and
3
The
lette
rs E
and
P fo
llow
ed b
y a
valu
e in
dica
te th
e ed
ucat
iona
l tra
inin
g tim
e an
d pr
actic
al tr
aini
ng ti
me
resp
ectiv
ely,
in h
ours
.
NO
TE
As
spec
ified
in E
N 4
73, d
irect
acc
ess
to th
e le
vel 3
exa
min
atio
n re
quire
s th
e to
tal h
ours
sho
wn
for l
evel
1 a
nd le
vel 2
.
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h 9.
1 In
trod
uctio
n,
term
inol
ogy,
pur
pose
an
d hi
stor
y of
ND
T
E 0,
5 E
1,0
E 1,
0
1. In
trod
uctio
n 1.
1 P
rese
ntat
ion
of m
agne
tic p
artic
le
test
ing
1.2
App
licab
ility
and
lim
its
1.3
His
tory
1.
4 Te
rmin
olog
y (E
N 1
330-
7)
Intr
oduc
tion
1.1
Pre
sent
atio
n of
the
mag
netic
pa
rticl
e te
stin
g 1.
2 A
pplic
abili
ty a
nd li
mits
1.
3 H
isto
ry
1.4
Term
inol
ogy
(EN
133
0-7)
Intr
oduc
tion
1.1
Pre
sent
atio
n of
the
mag
netic
pa
rticl
e te
stin
g 1.
2 A
pplic
abili
ty a
nd li
mits
1.
3 H
isto
ry
1.4
Term
inol
ogy
(EN
133
0-7)
9.
2 Ph
ysic
al p
rinci
ples
an
d as
soci
ated
kn
owle
dge
E 3,
5 E
4,0
E 4,
0
Bas
ic p
hysi
cal p
heno
men
a in
te
rms
of g
ener
al d
escr
iptio
n 2.
1 E
lect
ric c
ircui
ts, t
ypic
al v
alue
s,
units
2.
2 M
agne
tic c
ircui
ts, t
ypic
al v
alue
s,
units
2.
3 M
agne
tic fi
eld
crea
ted
by e
lect
ric
circ
uits
2.
4 P
assa
ge o
f the
flux
from
a
mag
netic
med
ium
to a
non
mag
netic
m
edia
2.
5 M
agne
tic fl
ux o
f a m
agne
tic
disc
ontin
uity
2.
6 In
fluen
ce o
f dep
th a
nd
orie
ntat
ion
of a
mag
netic
di
scon
tinui
ty o
n its
det
ectio
n 2.
7 M
agne
tic p
rope
rties
of m
ater
ials
2.
8 N
onm
agne
tic m
ater
ials
2.9
Mag
netic
mat
eria
ls. C
urie
poi
nt
Bas
ic p
hysi
cal p
heno
men
a 2.
1 E
lect
ric c
ircui
ts, t
ypic
al v
alue
s,
units
2.
2 M
agne
tic c
ircui
ts, t
ypic
al v
alue
s,
units
2.
3 M
agne
tic fi
eld
crea
ted
by e
lect
ric
circ
uits
2.
3.1
Inde
finite
rect
ilinea
r con
duct
or
2.3.
2 Lo
ng m
agne
tic c
oil
2.3.
3 Sh
ort o
r fla
t mag
netiz
ing
coil
2.3.
4 Pa
ssag
e of
the
flux
of a
m
agne
tic in
a n
on m
agne
tic m
edia
2.
3.5
Con
tinui
ty o
f HT
2.3.
6 C
ontin
uity
of B
N
2.3.
7 M
agne
tic fl
ux o
f a m
agne
tic
disc
ontin
uity
Bas
ics
2.1
Dia
mag
netis
m –
Par
amag
netis
m2.
2 Fe
rrom
agne
tism
–
Ferr
imag
netis
m
2.3
Mag
netic
fiel
ds c
hara
cter
izat
ion
and
mea
sure
men
ts
2.4
Mag
netic
fiel
d H
- m
agne
tic
Indu
ctio
n B
2.
5 H
yste
resi
s cy
cle
and
rem
arka
ble
poin
ts
2.6
Influ
ence
of t
he te
mpe
ratu
re o
n th
e m
agne
tic p
rope
rties
2.
7 P
rinci
ple
of m
agne
tic p
artic
le
test
ing
2.8
Influ
ence
of t
he in
terfa
ce
betw
een
a m
agne
tic m
ediu
m a
nd a
no
nmag
netic
med
ium
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 35
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
Rel
evan
t sta
ndar
ds:
EN
ISO
993
4-1.
Gen
eral
pr
inci
ples
2.
3.8
Influ
ence
of t
he g
eom
etry
(d
epth
, thi
ckne
ss a
nd o
rient
atio
n)
and
of th
e or
ient
atio
n of
a m
agne
tic
disc
ontin
uity
on
its d
etec
tion
2.
8..1
Con
tinui
ty o
f HT
2.8.
2 C
ontin
uity
of B
N
2.9
Influ
ence
of t
he o
rient
atio
n of
of
the
disc
ontin
uity
on
mag
netic
flux
2.4
Mag
netic
pro
perti
es
2.5
Des
igna
tion
of a
lloys
2.
6 N
on m
agne
tic m
ater
ials
2.
7 M
agne
tic m
ater
ials
2.
10 B
ehav
iour
of a
mag
netic
pa
rticl
e in
the
vici
nity
of a
mag
netic
flu
x 2.
11 In
fluen
ce o
f geo
met
ry (d
epth
, th
ickn
ess
and
orie
ntat
ion)
on
dete
ctab
ility
2.
7.1
Fiel
d of
app
licat
ion
2.7.
2 C
urie
Poi
nt
2.
12 M
agne
tic p
rope
rties
of p
rinci
pal
ferr
omag
netic
allo
ys
2.7.
3 C
urve
of t
he fi
rst m
agne
tizat
ion
2.7.
4 H
yste
resi
s cy
cle
and
rem
arka
ble
poin
ts
2.
12.1
Mag
netic
fiel
d H
, mag
netic
in
duct
ion
B, r
elat
ive
mag
netic
pe
rmea
bilit
y µ r
, coe
rciti
ve fo
rce
Hc,
el
ectri
cal r
esis
tivity
ρ.
2.
7.5
Mag
netic
pro
perti
es o
f ste
els
2.
12.2
.1 In
fluen
ce o
f com
posi
tion,
he
at tr
eatm
ents
and
wor
k ha
rden
ing
of th
e st
eel
2.
12.2
.2 In
fluen
ce o
f wor
k ha
rden
ing.
Influ
ence
of h
eat
treat
men
t
2.
12.2
.2 P
artic
ular
allo
ys: e
.g.
Per
mal
loys
, Inv
ar, I
ncon
el
9.3
Prod
uct k
now
ledg
e an
d ca
pabi
litie
s of
m
etho
d an
d its
de
rivat
e te
chni
ques
3.1
Typi
cal d
isco
ntin
uitie
s ac
cord
ing
to th
e pr
oduc
tion
proc
ess
(wel
ds,
forg
ings
, cas
tings
and
rolle
r pro
duct
s
E 4,
0 P
3,0
3.1
Typi
cal d
isco
ntin
uitie
s in
wel
ds,
forg
ings
, cas
tings
and
rolle
r pro
duct
s an
d th
eir i
ndic
atio
ns.
E 6,
0 P
3,0
3.1
Typi
cal d
isco
ntin
uitie
s in
wel
ds,
forg
ings
, cas
tings
and
rolle
r pro
duct
s an
d th
eir i
ndic
atio
ns.
E 6,
0
3.
2 Te
stin
g pa
ram
eter
s:
Mag
netiz
atio
n, d
etec
tion
med
ia a
nd
test
of d
etec
tion
med
ia in
dica
tion.
3.
2 Te
stin
g pa
ram
eter
s:
Mag
netiz
atio
n, d
etec
tion
med
ia a
nd
test
of d
etec
tion
med
ia in
dica
tion.
3.
2 Te
stin
g pa
ram
eter
s:
Mag
netiz
atio
n, d
etec
tion
med
ia a
nd
test
of d
etec
tion
med
ia in
dica
tion.
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
36 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h 9.
4 Eq
uipm
ent
E 4,
0
4.1
Mag
netiz
ing
equi
pmen
t E
2,0
P 1,
0 4.
1 V
ario
us ty
pes
E 3,
0 P
1,0
4.1
Mob
ile o
r fix
ed e
quip
men
t usi
ng
mag
netic
flow
tech
niqu
e or
cur
rent
flo
w te
chni
que
4.2
Vie
win
g co
nditi
on
4.
1.1
Porta
ble
elec
trom
agne
t
4.2
Aut
omat
ic a
nd ro
botiz
ed w
ith
auto
mat
ic d
etec
tion
(mag
netic
le
akag
e fie
ld)
Rel
evan
t sta
ndar
ds:
EN
ISO
993
4-2
and
EN
ISO
993
4-3
4.
3 M
easu
rem
ent a
nd c
alib
ratio
n
4.1.
2 M
obile
4.
4 D
emag
netiz
atio
n
4.1.
3 M
agne
tic b
ench
es
R
elev
ant s
tand
ards
: E
N IS
O 9
934-
2 an
d E
N IS
O 9
934-
3
4.
1.4
Auto
mat
ic a
nd ro
botiz
ed w
ith
auto
mat
ic d
etec
tion
(mag
netic
le
akag
e fie
ld)
4.
2 S
ourc
es o
f lig
ht a
nd c
ondi
tions
of
illu
min
atio
n
4.
3 A
cces
sorie
s
4.
3.1
Flux
indi
cato
rs a
nd p
rodu
cts
indi
cato
rs
4.
3.2
Fiel
d st
reng
th m
easu
ring
devi
ces
4.
3.3
Phot
omet
ers
and
radi
omet
ers
4.
4 C
onsi
dera
tions
on
the
choi
ce o
f th
e eq
uipm
ent (
EN
ISO
993
4-2
and
EN
ISO
993
4-3)
4.4.
1 El
emen
ts to
be
take
n in
to
acco
unt,
mat
eria
ls a
nd c
ompo
nent
s to
be
cont
rolle
d, z
ones
to b
e co
ntro
lled,
goa
l of t
he te
st, p
lace
an
d en
viro
nmen
t
4.
4.2
Cho
ice
of th
e te
chni
que
type
of
curr
ent M
agne
tic fl
ow te
chni
que
(ope
n an
d cl
osed
circ
uit)
4.5
Cur
rent
flow
tech
niqu
e —
in
duce
d cu
rrent
flow
, com
bine
d sy
stem
, mul
tidire
ctio
nal
mag
netiz
atio
n an
d ro
tatin
g fie
ld
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 37
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
9.5
Info
rmat
ion
prio
r the
te
st
5.1
App
licat
ion
of a
w
ritte
n in
stru
ctio
ns
E 0,
5 P
0,5
E 1,
0
P 0,
5
E 2,
0
5.1
Iden
tific
atio
n or
des
igna
tion
mat
eria
l:
ki
nd o
f man
ufac
ture
;
ca
talo
gue
of d
efec
ts;
te
st c
ondi
tion
and
appl
icat
ion
of
stan
dard
:
ac
cess
ibili
ty
in
frast
ruct
ure
pa
rticu
lar t
est c
ondi
tion
A
pplic
atio
n st
anda
rd. O
verv
iew
S
tand
ard
and
code
s as
sign
ed to
th
e te
st o
bjec
ts
A
ccep
tanc
e cr
iteria
5.2
Pre
para
tion
of
writ
ten
inst
ruct
ions
5.
3 D
ocum
ents
5.
4 P
rese
ntat
ion
of th
e st
anda
rds,
co
des
and
proc
edur
es
5.1
Iden
tific
atio
n or
des
igna
tion
mat
eria
l:
kind
of m
anuf
actu
re
ca
talo
gue
of d
efec
ts
te
st c
ondi
tion
and
appl
icat
ion
of
st
anda
rd:
ac
cess
ibili
ty
in
frast
ruct
ure
pa
rticu
lar t
est c
ondi
tion
ap
plic
atio
n st
anda
rd. O
verv
iew
stan
dard
and
cod
es a
ssig
ned
to
th
e te
st o
bjec
ts
ac
cept
ance
crit
eria
5.
2 P
repa
ratio
n of
w
ritte
n in
stru
ctio
ns
5.3
Doc
umen
ts
5.4
Pre
sent
atio
n of
the
stan
dard
s,
code
s an
d pr
oced
ures
9.6
Test
ing
6 Te
stin
g ac
cord
ing
to th
e w
ritte
n in
stru
ctio
ns
E 3,
5 P
1,5
6 Te
stin
g E
5,0
P 2,
5 6
Test
ing
E 6,
0
6.1
Pre
para
tion
of th
e pa
rts a
nd
influ
ence
of t
he s
urfa
ce q
ualit
y 6.
2 M
eans
of m
agne
tizat
ion.
Val
ues
of th
e pa
ram
eter
s. C
ontin
uous
or
sim
ulta
neou
s m
etho
d. R
eman
ence
m
etho
d. F
lux
indi
cato
rs
6.3
Cho
ice
of th
e de
tect
ion
med
ia.
prod
ucts
indi
cato
rs
6.1
Sur
face
pre
para
tion
6.2
Cle
anin
g, m
achi
ning
6.
3 U
se o
f con
trast
pai
nt
6.4
Mag
netiz
atio
n, ty
pes
and
time
of
appl
icat
ion
6.5
App
licat
ion
of th
e de
tect
ion
med
ia
Rec
ordi
ng o
f dis
cont
inui
ties
cont
inuo
us te
chni
que
Rem
anen
ce te
chni
que
6.1
Sur
face
pre
para
tion
6.2
Cle
anin
g, m
achi
ning
6.
3 U
se o
f con
trast
pai
nt
6.4
Mag
netiz
atio
n, ty
pes
and
time
of
appl
icat
ion
6.5
App
licat
ion
of th
e de
tect
ion
med
ia
6.6
Con
tinuo
us te
chni
que
Rem
anen
ce te
chni
que
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
38 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
6.8
Grid
and
cov
erin
g
6.8
Grid
and
cov
erin
g
6.
9 C
ontro
l of c
ondi
tions
of
mag
netiz
atio
n
6.9
Con
trol o
f con
ditio
ns o
f m
agne
tizat
ion
6.
10 T
reat
men
t of c
ompo
nent
s af
ter t
est
6.
11 T
reat
men
t of c
ompo
nent
s af
ter t
est
6.
4 Tr
eatm
ent o
f com
pone
nts
afte
r tes
t
6.
11 R
esid
ual f
ield
6.11
Res
idua
l fie
ld. C
ondi
tions
re
quiri
ng d
emag
netiz
atio
n. L
evel
of
resi
dual
fiel
d
6.
5 D
emag
netiz
atio
n
6.
12 B
asic
prin
cipl
e of
de
mag
netiz
atio
n
6.12
Bas
ic p
rinci
ple
of
dem
agne
tizat
ion
6.
6 P
rinci
ple,
min
imal
val
ue o
f the
m
agne
tic fi
eld
of d
emag
netiz
atio
n,
frequ
ency
, effe
ct o
f ski
n an
d ca
lcul
atio
n of
mag
netiz
ing
coil
6.
13 D
emag
netiz
atio
n. In
dust
rial
met
hods
of d
emag
netiz
atio
n
6.13
Dem
agne
tizat
ion.
Indu
stria
l m
etho
ds o
f dem
agne
tizat
ion
and
influ
ence
of t
erre
stria
l mag
netic
fiel
d
6.
7 Le
vel o
f res
idua
l fie
ld a
ccor
ding
to
the
late
r use
of m
ater
ial
6.
14 C
lean
ing
of th
e co
mpo
nent
s
6.14
Cle
anin
g of
the
com
pone
nts
6.
8 In
fluen
ce o
f ter
rest
rial m
agne
tic
field
6.
9 C
lean
ing
of th
e co
mpo
nent
s
9.
7 Ev
alua
tion
and
repo
rtin
g
7.1
Cla
ssifi
catio
n of
the
indi
catio
ns:
E 2,
5 P
4,0
7.1
Test
repo
rt
E
3,0
P 3,
5 7.
1 Te
st re
port
E 3,
0
wel
ding
acc
ordi
ng to
EN
129
0;
ca
stin
g ac
cord
ing
to E
N 1
369;
Che
ck te
st re
port
Bas
ic o
f eva
luat
ion
W
ritte
n pr
oced
ure
with
che
ck o
f tes
t re
ports
:
fo
rgin
g ac
cord
ing
to E
N 1
0228
-1;
ro
lled
prod
ucts
.
Vie
win
g co
nditi
ons
(EN
ISO
305
9)
acco
rdin
g to
refe
renc
e bl
ock,
oth
er
used
refe
renc
e bl
ocks
, cal
ibra
tion
of
test
uni
ts, b
atch
test
repo
rt,
wel
ding
acc
ordi
ng to
EN
129
0;
ca
stin
g ac
cord
ing
to E
N 1
369;
forg
ing
acco
rdin
g to
EN
102
28-1
.
V
iew
ing
cond
ition
s ac
cord
ing
to
refe
renc
e bl
ock;
V
erifi
catio
n of
the
indi
catio
n qu
ality
(E
N IS
O 3
059)
E
valu
atio
n an
d ve
rific
atio
n of
the
indi
catio
n qu
ality
.
Bas
ics
of e
valu
atio
n, v
iew
ing
cond
ition
s (E
N IS
O 3
059)
acc
ordi
ng
to re
fere
nce
bloc
k, o
ther
use
d re
fer-
ence
blo
cks,
cal
ibra
tion
of te
st u
nits
,
R
epor
t of s
impl
e w
eldi
ng, f
orgi
ng,
rolle
d pr
oduc
ts a
nd c
astin
g im
perfe
ctio
ns
R
epor
t of i
mpe
rfect
ions
acc
ordi
ng to
E
N 1
290,
EN
136
9, E
N 1
0228
-1.
E
valu
atio
n an
d ve
rific
atio
n of
the
indi
catio
n qu
ality
.
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 39
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h 9.
8 A
sses
smen
t (N
ot a
pplic
able
) E
0,5
Ass
essm
ent o
f dis
cont
inui
ties
influ
ence
of m
anuf
actu
re a
nd
mat
eria
l.
E 1,
0 A
sses
smen
t of d
isco
ntin
uitie
s in
fluen
ce o
f man
ufac
ture
and
m
ater
ial.
E 1,
0
9.9
Qua
lity
aspe
cts
Pers
onne
l qua
lific
atio
n (a
ccor
ding
to E
N 4
73 a
nd IS
O 9
712)
E 1,
0 Pe
rson
nel q
ualif
icat
ion
(acc
ordi
ng to
EN
473
and
IS
O 9
712)
.
E 1,
0 P
2,0
Pers
onne
l qua
lific
atio
n (a
ccor
ding
to E
N 4
73 a
nd
ISO
971
2).
E 2,
0 P
3,0
E
quip
men
t ver
ifica
tion
E
quip
men
t ver
ifica
tion
E
quip
men
t ver
ifica
tion
Writ
ten
inst
ruct
ions
Form
at o
f wor
king
pro
cedu
res
Trac
eabi
lity
of d
ocum
ents
Trac
eabi
lity
of d
ocum
ents
O
ther
ND
T qu
alifi
catio
n an
d ce
rtific
atio
n sy
stem
s.
A
revi
ew o
f app
licab
le N
DT
appl
icat
ion
and
prod
uct s
tand
ards
.
A re
view
of a
pplic
able
ND
T ap
plic
atio
n an
d pr
oduc
t sta
ndar
ds.
9.10
En
viro
nmen
tal a
nd
Safe
ty c
ondi
tions
10 H
ealth
and
saf
ety
10.1
Ele
ctric
risk
s ha
zard
s
10.2
Ris
ks re
late
d to
the
prod
ucts
(m
agne
tic in
ks)
10.3
Ris
ks re
late
d to
the
ultra
viol
et
radi
atio
n
10.4
Dis
posa
l of t
he e
fflue
nts
and
envi
ronm
enta
l con
ditio
ns (c
once
pts)
10.5
Saf
ety
data
she
et
E 0,
5 10
Hea
lth a
nd s
afet
y 10
.1 E
lect
ric ri
sks
haza
rds
10
.2 R
isks
rela
ted
to th
e pr
oduc
ts
(mag
netic
inks
) 10
.3 R
isks
rela
ted
to th
e ul
travi
olet
ra
diat
ion
10
.4 D
ispo
sal o
f the
effl
uent
s an
d en
viro
nmen
tal c
ondi
tions
(con
cept
s) 10
.5 S
afet
y da
ta s
heet
E 1,
0 10
Hea
lth a
nd s
afet
y 10
.1 E
lect
ric ri
sks
haza
rds
10
.2 R
isks
rela
ted
to th
e pr
oduc
ts
(mag
netic
inks
) 10
.3 R
isks
rela
ted
to th
e ul
travi
olet
ra
diat
ion
10
.4 D
ispo
sal o
f the
effl
uent
s an
d en
viro
nmen
tal c
ondi
tions
(con
cept
s 10
.5 H
arm
fuln
ess
and
toxi
city
of t
he
prod
ucts
10
.6 T
reat
men
t and
reje
ctio
n of
the
efflu
ents
, env
ironm
enta
l con
ditio
ns
10.7
Fire
haz
ards
10
.8 R
isks
rela
ted
to th
e ul
travi
olet
ra
diat
ions
E 1,
0
9.11
Dev
elop
men
ts
(Not
app
licab
le)
—
Spe
cial
inst
alla
tion
and
equi
pmen
t E
1,0
New
tech
niqu
es
Cre
ativ
e an
d in
nova
tive
spec
ial
inst
alla
tions
.
E 1,
0
Tota
l dur
atio
n
E 18
,5
P 10
,0
E
27,0
P 12
,5
E
31
P 3
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
40 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
10 L
eak
test
ing
— L
evel
s 1,
2 a
nd 3
The
lette
rs E
and
P fo
llow
ed b
y a
valu
e in
dica
te th
e ed
ucat
iona
l tra
inin
g tim
e an
d pr
actic
al tr
aini
ng ti
me
resp
ectiv
ely,
in h
ours
.
The
lette
rs E
B a
nd E
C fo
llow
ed b
y a
valu
e in
dica
te e
duca
tiona
l tim
e fo
r pre
ssur
e m
etho
d an
d ed
ucat
iona
l tim
e fo
r tra
cer g
as m
etho
d.
NO
TE
As
spec
ified
in E
N 4
73, d
irect
acc
ess
to th
e le
vel 3
exa
min
atio
n re
quire
s th
e to
tal h
ours
sho
wn
for l
evel
1 a
nd le
vel 2
.
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h 10
.1
Intr
oduc
tion
to,
term
inol
ogy
and
hist
ory
of, N
DT
His
tory
of L
eak
test
ing
E 1,
0 H
isto
ry o
f Lea
k te
stin
g E
1,0
His
tory
of L
eak
test
ing
E 1,
0
R
easo
ns fo
r lea
k te
stin
g
Rea
sons
for l
eak
test
ing
R
easo
ns fo
r lea
k te
stin
g
M
ater
ial l
oss
prev
entio
n
Com
pone
nt s
yste
m re
liabi
lity
Con
tam
inat
ion
P
ress
ure
diffe
renc
e m
aint
enan
ce
Fund
amen
tal t
erm
inol
ogy
Te
rmin
olog
y
Term
inol
ogy
Le
akag
e te
rms
Le
akag
e te
rms;
E
N 1
330-
8
Leak
tigh
tnes
s
Q
uant
itativ
e, s
emi-q
uant
itativ
e,
qual
itativ
e
Le
ak a
nd le
ak d
etec
tion
Le
ak a
nd le
ak d
etec
tion
Le
ak a
nd le
ak d
etec
tion
Fund
amen
tals
Fund
amen
tals
;
leak
age-
findi
ng p
rinci
ples
;
C
hoic
e of
met
hod:
EN
177
9: G
uide
to m
etho
d se
lect
ion
Pro
per s
elec
tion
of le
ak te
stin
g as
m
etho
d ch
oice
:
di
ffere
nces
bet
wee
n le
ak te
stin
g
and
othe
rs m
etho
ds;
co
mpl
emen
tary
role
s of
leak
test
ing
and
othe
r met
hods
;
fa
ctor
that
qua
lifie
s th
e us
e of
le
ak te
stin
g.
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 41
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
10.2
Phys
ical
prin
cipl
es
and
asso
ciat
ed
know
ledg
e
Phys
ical
beh
avio
ur o
f gas
es
E 2,
0 Ph
ysic
al b
ehav
iour
of m
atte
r E
3,0
Phys
ical
beh
avio
ur o
f mat
ter
E 3,
0
La
w a
nd fu
ndam
enta
ls
S
truct
ure
of m
atte
r (fu
ndam
enta
l):
P
erfe
ct a
nd re
al g
ases
atom
ic th
eory
;
io
niza
tion
and
ion
pairs
;
V
apou
r pre
ssur
e an
d its
effe
cts
in a
va
cuum
stat
e of
mat
ter;
mol
ecul
ar s
truct
ure;
diat
omic
and
mon
atom
ic
m
olec
ules
;
mol
ecul
ar w
eigh
t;
S
olid
-liqu
id a
nd li
quid
vap
our:
stat
e ch
ange
s.
G
as la
ws
and
fund
amen
tals
:
Bro
wni
an m
ovem
ents
;
P-V
and
P-T
dia
gram
s;
Pas
cal’s
law
;
Cha
rles,
Boy
le a
nd G
ay L
ussa
c’s
la
ws;
Dal
ton’
s la
w o
f par
tial p
ress
ure;
perfe
ct g
as e
quat
ion
and
its
ap
plic
atio
n fo
r lea
kage
calc
ulat
ion;
mea
n fre
e-pa
th d
efin
ition
and
mea
ning
;
gas
prop
ertie
s;
K
inet
ic th
eory
of g
as (f
unda
men
tal):
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
42 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
Avo
gadr
o’s
law
;
gas
mix
ture
and
con
cent
ratio
n;
gas
velo
city
den
sity
and
vis
cosi
ty.
Pr
essu
re
Pr
essu
re
Pr
essu
re
P
ress
ure
as fo
rce
on u
nit a
rea
R
elat
ions
hip
betw
een
diffe
rent
m
easu
rem
ent u
nits
Def
initi
on o
f pre
ssur
e fro
m th
e ki
netic
theo
ry o
f gas
M
ain
pres
sure
uni
ts
S
tand
ard
and
norm
al c
ondi
tions
Rel
atio
nshi
p be
twee
n m
ean
free
path
and
pre
ssur
e.
V
apou
r pre
ssur
e
Pe
rfec
t gas
law
Th
e eq
uatio
n an
d its
use
for l
eaka
ge
calc
ulat
ion.
Pr
essu
re ra
nge
in v
acuu
m
Pr
essu
re ra
nge
in v
acuu
m
Pr
essu
re ra
nge
in v
acuu
m
di
ffere
nt ra
nge
R
elat
ions
hip
betw
een
mea
n fre
e pa
th a
nd v
acuu
m ra
nge.
Fl
ow in
vac
uum
D
efin
ition
Le
akag
e as
a fl
ow
Flow
in v
acuu
m
Def
initi
on
Flow
par
amet
ers:
re
latio
nshi
p be
twee
n m
ean
free-
pa
th a
nd fl
ow;
vi
scou
s flo
w;
m
olec
ular
flow
;
in
term
edia
te fl
ow.
Flow
in v
acuu
m:
flo
w a
nd k
inet
ic th
eory
;
fa
ctor
s af
fect
ing
gas
flow
;
le
ak ra
te v
ersu
s vi
scos
ity;
R
eyno
lds
num
ber v
s.
K
nuds
en n
umbe
r;
ge
omet
ry o
f a le
ak p
ath
capi
llary
;
pe
rmea
tion;
ca
pilla
ry.
Le
akag
e m
easu
rem
ent
Le
akag
e m
easu
rem
ent
Le
akag
e m
easu
rem
ent
U
nits
Uni
ts a
nd re
latio
nshi
ps
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 43
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
C
ondu
ctan
ce in
vac
uum
Con
duct
ance
in v
acuu
m
D
efin
ition
and
mea
ning
Con
duct
ance
cal
cula
tion
C
ondu
ctan
ce c
alcu
latio
n fro
m
nom
ogra
ph o
r sim
plifi
ed fo
rmul
as
Fl
ow a
nd c
ondu
ctan
ce
D
egas
sing
Deg
assi
ng
D
egas
sing
P
ract
ical
impl
icat
ions
Pra
ctic
al c
once
pt a
nd fu
ndam
enta
ls
D
iffer
ent g
as b
ehav
iour
M
ater
ial
Pum
ping
spe
ed
Pu
mpi
ng s
peed
D
efin
ition
and
mea
ning
Pum
ping
spe
ed c
alcu
latio
ns
Vi
rtua
l and
real
leak
Virt
ual a
nd re
al le
ak
Vi
rtua
l and
real
leak
C
once
pt a
nd d
iffer
ence
Sou
rce
of re
al a
nd v
irtua
l lea
ks
pres
sure
vs.
tim
e.
C
alcu
latio
n on
virt
ual l
eak
influ
ence
in
a p
ress
ure
chan
ge te
st.
10.3
Pr
oduc
t kno
wle
dge
and
the
capa
bilit
ies
of
the
met
hod
and
its
deriv
ed te
chni
ques
Type
of l
eak
test
ing
EB 2
,0
EC 3
,0
Type
of l
eak
test
ing
EB 4
,0EC
6,0
Ty
pe o
f lea
k te
stin
g EB
4,0
EC
6,0
Leak
loca
tion
Leak
mea
sure
men
t
Pas
s/fa
il te
st
Leak
age
mon
itorin
g
S
peci
ficat
ion
and
sens
itivi
ty
Obj
ect p
repa
ratio
n
Obj
ect p
repa
ratio
n
Obj
ect p
repa
ratio
n
O
bjec
t cle
anne
ss;
S
eale
d ob
ject
with
or w
ithou
t tra
cer
gas
C
lean
ing
proc
edur
es a
nd e
ffect
s on
le
ak d
etec
tion
mea
sure
men
ts
O
bjec
t ina
cces
sibl
e fro
m o
ne o
r bot
h si
des;
O
bjec
t wor
king
abo
ve o
r bel
ow th
e at
mos
pher
ic p
ress
ure
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
44 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
Sp
ecifi
catio
ns a
nd m
etho
d ca
pabi
litie
s
Spec
ifica
tions
and
met
hod
capa
bilit
ies
Sp
ecifi
catio
ns a
nd m
etho
d ca
pabi
litie
s
B
ubbl
e em
issi
on m
etho
d
EN
159
3
Bub
ble
emis
sion
met
hod
Phy
sica
l prin
cipl
es in
volv
ed
B
ubbl
e em
issi
on m
etho
d
P
rinci
ples
of b
ubbl
e em
issi
on
met
hods
;
im
mer
sion
tech
niqu
e;
liq
uid
appl
icat
ion
tech
niqu
e.
Pr
essu
re c
hang
e m
etho
ds
EN
131
84
Pr
essu
re c
hang
e m
etho
ds
Pr
essu
re c
hang
e m
etho
ds
Fund
amen
tals
of w
orki
ng p
rinci
ples
:
pr
essu
re te
stin
g;
va
cuum
test
ing.
P
rinci
ples
of d
etec
tion
for t
he
pres
sure
cha
nge
met
hods
Pre
ssur
e de
cay
tech
niqu
e
Pre
ssur
e ris
e te
chni
que
D
iffer
ence
bet
wee
n th
e pr
essu
re
test
ing
and
the
vacu
um te
stin
g co
nsid
erin
g th
e pe
rfect
gas
law
Bel
l pre
ssur
e ch
ange
tech
niqu
e
Flow
mea
sure
men
t tec
hniq
ue
Te
rmin
olog
y re
late
d to
pre
ssur
e te
stin
g
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 45
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
Tr
acer
gas
met
hod
EN
131
85
Tr
acer
gas
met
hod
Tr
acer
gas
met
hod
Prin
cipl
es o
f det
ectio
n
Hel
ium
as
trace
r gas
Trac
er g
as d
etec
tors
Trac
er g
as fl
ow in
to th
e ob
ject
(g
roup
A te
chni
ques
)
Trac
er g
as fl
ow o
ut o
f the
obj
ect
(gro
up B
tech
niqu
es)
C
hem
ical
or p
hysi
cal p
rope
rtie
s of
det
ecto
rs
Prin
cipl
es o
f det
ectio
n fo
r the
tr
acer
gas
flow
into
the
obje
ct —
G
roup
A te
chni
ques
a) L
ocal
leak
:
sp
rayi
ng;
va
cuum
tech
niqu
e (lo
cal);
va
cuum
tech
niqu
e (p
artia
l);
be
ll pr
essu
re te
st.
b) G
loba
l lea
k:
vacu
um te
chni
que
(tota
l);
bell
pres
sure
test
;
pres
sure
rise
;
flow
mea
sure
men
ts.
Pr
inci
ples
of d
etec
tion
for t
race
r ga
s flo
w o
ut o
f the
obj
ect —
G
roup
B te
chni
ques
a)
Loc
al le
ak:
chem
ical
det
ectio
n w
ith
am
mon
ia;
vacu
um b
ox u
sing
inte
rnal
trace
r gas
;
sniff
ing
test
;
bubb
le w
ith v
acuu
m b
ox;
pres
sure
tech
niqu
e by
accu
mul
atio
n;
bell
pres
sure
test
.
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
46 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
b)
Glo
bal l
eak:
bubb
le te
st —
imm
ersi
on;
bubb
le te
st fo
amin
g;
pres
sure
tech
niqu
e by
accu
mul
atio
n —
glo
bal;
pres
suriz
atio
n-ev
acua
tion
test
(bom
bing
);
vacu
um c
ham
ber t
echn
ique
;
bell
pres
sure
test
;
pres
sure
cha
nge;
flow
mea
sure
men
ts.
Fu
ndam
enta
ls o
f tes
t met
hod
choi
ce
EN
136
25
Te
st m
etho
d —
Cho
ice
of c
riter
ia
Te
st m
etho
d —
Cho
ice
of c
riter
ia
10.4
Eq
uipm
ent
Vacu
um g
auge
s E
3,0
Vacu
um g
auge
s E
5,0
Vacu
um g
auge
s E
5,0
C
hoic
e of
gau
ges
for d
iffer
ent
pres
sure
s
Abs
olut
e an
d di
ffere
ntia
l gau
ges
To
tal p
ress
ure
and
parti
al p
ress
ure
gaug
es
P
rimar
y an
d se
cond
ary
gaug
es
P
hysi
cal p
rope
rties
invo
lved
for t
he
diffe
rent
sen
sor t
ype
M
echa
nica
l gau
ges
M
echa
nica
l gau
ges
M
echa
nica
l gau
ges
B
ourd
on g
auge
:
Acc
urac
y fo
r the
diff
eren
t sen
sors
.
pr
inci
ples
and
beh
avio
ur;
influ
ence
of a
tmos
pher
e.
Pre
ssur
e re
adin
g te
chni
ques
for:
bo
urdo
n ga
uge;
diap
hrag
m g
auge
;
capa
cita
nce
man
omet
er g
auge
.
D
iaph
ragm
gau
ge:
pr
inci
ples
and
beh
avio
ur;
influ
ence
of a
tmos
pher
e.
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 47
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
C
apac
itanc
e m
anom
eter
gau
ge:
prin
cipl
es a
nd b
ehav
iour
;
influ
ence
of t
empe
ratu
re.
U
-tube
man
omet
ers
and
Mc
Leod
U-tu
be m
anom
eter
s an
d M
c Le
od
U
-tube
man
omet
ers
and
Mc
Leod
P
ress
ure
read
ing
tech
niqu
es
P
rinci
ples
and
beh
avio
ur
Pira
ni a
nd th
erm
ocou
ple
gaug
es
Pi
rani
and
ther
moc
oupl
e ga
uges
Pira
ni a
nd th
erm
ocou
ple
gaug
es
P
ress
ure
read
ing
tech
niqu
es
Ass
embl
y cr
iteria
Prin
cipl
es a
nd b
ehav
iour
of d
iffer
ent
gase
s
Acc
urac
y an
d ca
libra
tion
for d
iffer
ent
gase
s
C
old
and
hot i
on g
auge
s
Col
d an
d ho
t ion
gau
ges
C
old
and
hot i
on g
auge
s
P
ress
ure
read
ing
tech
niqu
es
Ass
embl
y cr
iteria
Prin
cipl
es a
nd b
ehav
iour
of d
iffer
ent
gase
s
Acc
urac
y an
d ca
libra
tion
for d
iffer
ent
gase
s
Va
cuum
pum
ps
Va
cuum
pum
ps
Va
cuum
pum
ps
Ty
pes
of p
ump
for d
iffer
ent v
acuu
m
rang
es
C
lass
ifica
tion
and
sele
ctio
n of
va
cuum
pum
ps:
P
hysi
cal p
rinci
ple
invo
lved
.
pum
p pe
rform
ance
;
ultim
ate
pres
sure
s;
pres
sure
rang
es;
pum
ping
spe
ed;
disc
harg
e pr
essu
res.
R
otar
y an
d pi
ston
pum
ps
R
otar
y an
d pi
ston
pum
ps
R
otar
y an
d pi
ston
pum
ps
Per
form
ance
Mai
nten
ance
Gas
bal
last
P
ump-
dow
n tim
es c
alcu
latio
n fo
r di
ffere
nt v
olum
es
P
hysi
cal p
rinci
ple
invo
lved
Pum
p-do
wn
times
cal
cula
tion
for
diffe
rent
vol
umes
incl
udin
g co
nduc
tanc
e in
fluen
ce
R
oots
pum
p
Roo
ts p
ump
R
oots
pum
p
P
erfo
rman
ce
S
ize
eval
uatio
n;
P
hysi
cal p
rinci
ple
invo
lved
M
aint
enan
ce
M
ount
ing
P
ump-
dow
n tim
es c
alcu
latio
n fo
r di
ffere
nt v
olum
es in
clud
ing
cond
ucta
nce
influ
ence
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
48 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
Diff
usio
n pu
mp
Per
form
ance
Mai
nten
ance
D
iffus
ion
pum
p
Siz
e ev
alua
tion
for d
iffer
ent
appl
icat
ion
D
iffus
ion
pum
p
Phy
sica
l prin
cipl
e in
volv
ed.
S
ize
eval
uatio
n fo
r the
bac
king
pu
mp
M
ount
ing
Tu
rbom
olec
ular
pum
p
Turb
omol
ecul
ar p
ump
Tu
rbom
olec
ular
pum
p
P
erfo
rman
ce
Mai
nten
ance
S
ize
eval
uatio
n fo
r diff
eren
t ap
plic
atio
n
Phy
sica
l prin
cipl
e in
volv
ed
S
ize
eval
uatio
n fo
r the
bac
king
pu
mp
M
ount
ing
Va
lve
Va
lve
Va
lve
Ty
pe o
f val
ves
used
for l
eak
dete
ctio
n ap
plic
atio
n
Cho
ice
of v
alve
for l
eak
test
ing
appl
icat
ion
M
aint
enan
ce
P
erfo
rman
ce
M
ount
ing
Fi
tting
s
Fitti
ngs
Fi
tting
s
A
ssem
bly
crite
ria
C
hoic
e of
righ
t fitt
ings
for l
eak
dete
ctio
n;
P
roje
ct c
riter
ia
M
aint
enan
ce
D
iam
eter
and
leng
th c
alcu
latio
n an
d in
fluen
ce
M
ater
ial
M
ater
ial
C
hoic
e fo
r diff
eren
t vac
uum
rang
es
M
etal
lic, p
last
ic, g
lass
O
il an
d gr
ease
.
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 49
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
10.5
Info
rmat
ion
prio
r to
test
ing
Writ
ten
proc
edur
es —
In
terp
reta
tions
EB
1,0
EC 1
,0
Exis
ting
docu
men
tatio
n an
alys
is —
Writ
ten
proc
edur
es
EB 2
,0EC
2,0
Ex
istin
g do
cum
enta
tion
anal
ysis
— W
ritte
n pr
oced
ures
EB
2,0
EC 2
,0
A
ccep
tanc
e an
d re
ject
ion
crite
ria
Leak
inte
rpre
tatio
n ev
alua
tion
D
esig
n ve
rsus
wor
king
con
ditio
ns;
P
ress
ure
and
tem
pera
ture
con
trol
Te
st m
etho
d an
d se
nsiti
vity
requ
ired
P
repa
ratio
n of
leak
test
spe
cific
atio
n
D
ata
repo
rt m
odul
e fil
ling
D
ata
repo
rt m
odul
e
Dat
a re
port
mod
ule
P
repa
ratio
n of
dat
a re
port
mod
ules
.
Tr
acer
gas
det
ecto
r/ins
trum
ents
pe
rfor
man
ce fa
ctor
Trac
er g
as d
etec
tor/i
nstr
umen
ts
perf
orm
ance
fact
or
D
esig
n an
d us
e
Li
near
ity
C
alib
ratio
n
R
espo
nse
and
reco
very
tim
e.
Pre
para
tion
of w
ritte
n in
stru
ctio
ns.
10.6
Test
ing
Bub
ble
test
ing
prac
tice
and
tech
niqu
es
EB 1
0,0
Bub
ble
test
ing
prac
tice
and
tech
niqu
es
EB 1
8,0
Bub
ble
test
ing
prac
tice
and
tech
niqu
es
EB
12,0
EC
16,
0
G
ener
al re
quire
men
ts:
ga
s, p
ress
ure
limits
, cle
anin
g,
et
c.
EC 1
4,0
Sel
ectio
n of
test
flui
ds fr
om th
e po
ints
of v
iew
of p
hysi
cal p
rope
rties
EC
24,
0 W
eath
er e
ffect
s an
d lig
htin
g.
Test
flui
d:
te
st fl
uids
for l
iqui
d im
mer
sion
tech
niqu
es (p
repa
ratio
n an
d
use)
;
te
st fl
uids
for l
iqui
d ap
plic
atio
n
tech
niqu
es (p
repa
ratio
n an
d
use)
.
sele
ctio
n of
tech
niqu
es fo
r
diffe
rent
app
licat
ions
;
pi
pe, n
ozzl
e, p
ad p
late
,
com
pres
sor t
estin
g;
ve
ssel
test
ing;
le
akag
e qu
antit
ativ
e ev
alua
tion.
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
50 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
Im
mer
sion
tech
niqu
e
Imm
ersi
on te
chni
que
Im
mer
sion
tech
niqu
e
P
ress
uriz
atio
n of
test
spe
cim
en
P
hysi
cal p
rinci
ples
invo
lved
K
now
ledg
e fo
r cre
atin
g pr
essu
re
diffe
rent
ial
E
leva
ted
tem
pera
ture
test
flui
d
V
acuu
m b
ox te
chni
que
Li
quid
app
licat
ion
tech
niqu
e
Liqu
id a
pplic
atio
n te
chni
que
Li
quid
app
licat
ion
tech
niqu
e
P
ress
uriz
atio
n of
test
spe
cim
en
P
hysi
cal p
rinci
ples
invo
lved
V
acuu
m te
chni
que
for n
on-
pres
suriz
ed o
bjec
ts
Pr
essu
re c
hang
e te
chni
ques
and
pr
actic
e
Pres
sure
cha
nge
tech
niqu
es a
nd
prac
tice
Pr
essu
re c
hang
e te
chni
ques
and
pr
actic
e
G
ener
al re
quire
men
ts
P
ress
ure
chan
ge m
etho
d:
P
ress
ure
chan
ge m
etho
d
phys
ical
prin
cipl
es in
volv
ed;
perfe
ct g
as la
w.
Pr
essu
re d
ecay
tech
niqu
e
Pres
sure
dec
ay te
chni
que
Pr
essu
re d
ecay
tech
niqu
e
Te
mpe
ratu
re a
nd p
ress
ure
gaug
es
A
ppar
atus
and
test
set
-up
A
ccur
acy
of e
quip
men
t
S
yste
m s
et u
p
Cho
ice
of p
ress
ure
and
tem
pera
ture
ga
uges
Gau
ge c
alib
ratio
n ac
cura
cy
Acc
urac
y of
test
cal
cula
tions
R
efer
ence
ves
sel t
echn
ique
(fu
ndam
enta
l)
Effe
ct o
f tem
pera
ture
cha
nge
Effe
ct o
f wat
er v
apou
r pre
ssur
e
E
ffect
of b
arom
etric
pre
ssur
e ch
ange
C
alcu
latio
n of
leak
age
rate
R
efer
ence
ves
sel t
echn
ique
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 51
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
Le
akag
e ra
te c
alcu
latio
n fro
m th
e pe
rfect
gas
law
Pr
essu
re ri
se te
chni
que
Pr
essu
re ri
se te
chni
que
Pr
essu
re ri
se te
chni
que
E
ffect
of v
irtua
l lea
k
Leak
age
rate
cal
cula
tion
from
the
perfe
ct g
as la
w
Cho
ice
of v
acuu
m g
auge
s
C
alib
ratio
n
Eva
luat
ion
of v
irtua
l lea
k on
pr
essu
re ti
me
rela
tions
hip
S
yste
m s
et u
p
Cho
ice
of th
e sy
stem
Acc
urac
y te
st c
alcu
latio
n
E
ffect
of v
irtua
l lea
k on
pr
essu
re-ti
me
rela
tions
hip
B
ell p
ress
ure
chan
ge te
chni
que
B
ell p
ress
ure
chan
ge te
chni
que
B
ell p
ress
ure
chan
ge te
chni
que
G
ener
al re
quire
men
ts
A
ir flo
w in
to th
e ob
ject
Cal
ibra
tion
A
ir flo
w o
ut o
f the
obj
ect
C
alcu
latio
n of
leak
age
rate
C
hoic
e of
gau
ge
A
ccur
acy
test
cal
cula
tion
C
alcu
latio
n of
leak
age
rate
Fl
ow m
easu
rem
ents
tech
niqu
e
Flow
mea
sure
men
ts te
chni
que
Fl
ow m
easu
rem
ents
tech
niqu
e
G
ener
al re
quire
men
ts
A
ir flo
w in
to th
e ob
ject
Cal
ibra
tion
A
ir flo
w o
ut o
f the
obj
ect
A
ccur
acy
test
cal
cula
tion
C
hoic
e of
gau
ge
C
alcu
latio
n of
leak
age
rate
Tr
acer
gas
pra
ctic
e an
d te
chni
ques
Trac
er g
as p
ract
ice
and
tech
niqu
es
Tr
acer
gas
pra
ctic
e an
d te
chni
ques
Tr
acer
gas
met
hod
Tr
acer
gas
met
hod
C
alcu
latio
n of
leak
age
rate
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
52 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
C
hoic
e of
trac
er g
as a
nd s
uita
ble
dete
ctor
S
elec
tion
crite
ria o
f the
tech
niqu
e fo
r di
ffere
nt a
pplic
atio
n
Mas
s sp
ectr
omet
ers
M
ass
spec
trom
eter
s (h
eliu
m)
M
ass
spec
trom
eter
s (h
eliu
m)
M
ass
spec
trom
etry
: qua
litat
ive
and
quan
titat
ive;
Mag
netic
or q
uadr
upol
e.
Phy
sica
l prin
cipl
es in
volv
ed:
e/
m e
quat
ion
of m
ass;
m
ass
spec
tra;
m
agne
tic;
qu
adru
pole
;
ge
nera
l and
leak
test
ing
ap
plic
atio
n.
Fund
amen
tal p
rinci
ples
, MS
LD
man
ufac
turin
g as
pect
:
m
agne
tic o
r qua
drup
ole;
di
rect
flow
and
con
traflo
w;
pu
mpi
ng s
yste
ms,
ele
ctro
nic,
head
s, g
auge
s, e
tc.;
se
rvic
e;
ca
libra
tion
leak
s;
he
lium
mix
ture
.
MS
LD m
anuf
actu
ring
aspe
ct
invo
lved
and
wor
king
prin
cipl
es
Sen
sitiv
ity c
apab
ilitie
s fo
r the
di
ffere
nt te
chni
ques
C
alib
ratio
n
H
eliu
m m
ixtu
re a
nd le
ak ra
te
calc
ulat
ion
M
aint
enan
ce is
sues
H
alog
en io
n di
ode
H
alog
en io
n di
ode
H
alog
en io
n di
ode
Fund
amen
tal p
rinci
ples
invo
lved
Phy
sica
l prin
cipl
es in
volv
ed
Hal
ogen
det
ecto
r lea
k te
stin
g eq
uipm
ent
Hal
ogen
det
ecto
r
S
ensi
tivity
cap
abili
ties
of th
e te
chni
que
Sel
ectio
n cr
iteria
of t
he te
chni
ques
fo
r diff
eren
t app
licat
ion
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 53
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
Ope
ratio
n
Cle
anin
g th
e se
nsin
g el
emen
t re
plac
ing
the
sens
ing
elem
ent
Det
ecto
r tub
e fo
r vac
uum
app
licat
ion
D
etec
tor p
robe
“sni
ffer”
spe
ed
Hal
ogen
bac
kgro
und
Pro
perti
es o
f ref
riger
ant t
race
r gas
(c
hem
ical
com
posi
tion,
mol
ecul
ar
wei
ght,
liqui
d-ga
s be
havi
our)
Cal
ibra
tion
leak
s (m
aint
enan
ce a
nd
oper
atio
n cr
iteria
)
Ref
riger
ant t
race
r gas
(typ
es
com
mon
ly u
sed)
C
alib
ratio
n of
hal
ogen
leak
det
ecto
rs
Hal
ogen
mix
ture
s pe
rcen
tage
C
alib
ratio
n le
ak s
ettin
g fo
r ca
libra
tion
of h
alog
en
E
valu
atio
n of
test
sen
sitiv
ity
Ther
mal
con
duct
ivity
gau
ges
Th
erm
al c
ondu
ctiv
ity g
auge
s
Ther
mal
con
duct
ivity
gau
ges
Fu
ndam
enta
l prin
cipl
es
P
hysi
cal p
rinci
ples
invo
lved
Pira
ni a
nd th
erm
ocou
ple
wor
king
pr
inci
ples
.
S
ensi
tivity
cap
abili
ties
of th
e te
chni
ques
with
this
det
ecto
r
R
eact
ive
trac
ers
R
eact
ive
trac
ers
P
hysi
cal p
rinci
ples
invo
lved
Rad
ioac
tive
gase
s
S
ensi
tivity
cap
abili
ties
of th
e te
chni
que
G
as a
naly
sis
appa
ratu
s (g
as
chro
mat
ogra
phy
etc.
)
Gas
ana
lysi
s ap
para
tus
(gas
ch
rom
atog
raph
y et
c.)
P
hysi
cal p
rinci
ples
invo
lved
S
ensi
tivity
cap
abili
ties
of th
e te
chni
que
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
54 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
Tr
acer
gas
flow
s in
to th
e ob
ject
s —
Gro
up A
tech
niqu
es
Tr
acer
gas
flow
s in
to th
e ob
ject
s —
Gro
up A
tech
niqu
es
Tr
acer
gas
flow
s in
to th
e ob
ject
s —
Gro
up A
tech
niqu
es
Fo
r all
tech
niqu
es:
Fo
r all
tech
niqu
es:
ge
nera
l req
uire
men
ts;
in
itial
set
-up
and
proc
edur
e;
ob
ject
pre
para
tion.
test
sen
sitiv
ity fo
r diff
eren
t
tech
niqu
es;
ca
lilbra
tion;
ca
lcul
atio
n of
leak
age
rate
.
Va
cuum
tech
niqu
e —
Tot
al a
nd
part
ial
Va
cuum
tech
niqu
e —
Tot
al a
nd
part
ial
Va
cuum
tech
niqu
e —
Tot
al a
nd
part
ial
Va
cuum
tech
niqu
e —
Loc
al
(spr
ayin
g)
Va
cuum
tech
niqu
e —
Loc
al
(spr
ayin
g)
Va
cuum
tech
niqu
e —
Loc
al
(spr
ayin
g)
O
bjec
t sur
face
sca
nnin
g
Tr
acer
gas
flow
s ou
t of t
he
obje
cts
— G
roup
B te
chni
ques
Trac
er g
as fl
ows
out o
f the
ob
ject
s —
Gro
up B
tech
niqu
es
Tr
acer
gas
flow
s ou
t of t
he
obje
cts
— G
roup
B te
chni
ques
Fo
r all
tech
niqu
es:
Fo
r all
tech
niqu
es:
ge
nera
l req
uire
men
ts;
in
itial
set
up
and
proc
edur
e;
ob
ject
pre
para
tion.
test
sen
tivity
for d
iffer
ent
te
chni
ques
;
ca
libra
tion;
ca
lcul
atio
n of
leak
age
rate
.
C
hem
ical
det
ectio
n w
ith a
mm
onia
C
hem
ical
det
ectio
n w
ith a
mm
onia
C
hem
ical
det
ectio
n w
ith a
mm
onia
Rea
gent
app
licat
ion
P
hysi
cal p
rinci
ples
invo
lved
P
ost t
est c
lean
ing
Ty
pe o
f rea
gent
Va
cuum
box
usi
ng in
tern
al tr
acer
ga
s
Vacu
um b
ox u
sing
inte
rnal
trac
er
gas
Va
cuum
box
usi
ng in
tern
al tr
acer
ga
s
Va
cuum
box
app
lyin
g th
e tr
acer
ga
s in
the
oppo
site
sid
e
Vacu
um b
ox a
pply
ing
the
trac
er
gas
in th
e op
posi
te s
ide
Va
cuum
box
app
lyin
g th
e tr
acer
ga
s in
the
oppo
site
sid
e
Pr
essu
re te
chni
que
by
accu
mul
atio
n
Pres
sure
tech
niqu
e by
ac
cum
ulat
ion
Pr
essu
re te
chni
que
by
accu
mul
atio
n
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 55
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
Sniff
ing
test
Sniff
ing
test
Sniff
ing
test
O
bjec
t sur
face
sca
nnin
g
Cal
ibra
tion
(whe
n ap
plic
able
)
Fu
ndam
enta
l on
pres
suriz
atio
n-ev
acua
tion
test
(bom
bing
)
Pres
suriz
atio
n-ev
acua
tion
test
(b
ombi
ng)
Pr
essu
rizat
ion-
evac
uatio
n te
st
(bom
bing
)
O
bjec
t pre
para
tion
In
itial
set
up
and
proc
edur
e
Cal
cula
tion
of le
akag
e ra
te
Vacu
um c
ham
ber t
echn
ique
Vacu
um c
ham
ber t
echn
ique
Vacu
um c
ham
ber t
echn
ique
10.7
Ev
alua
tion
and
Rep
ortin
g
Test
dat
a re
port
filli
ng
EB 0
,5
EC 0
,5
Res
ults
ana
lysi
s an
d ev
alua
tion
on th
e ba
se o
f acc
epta
bilit
y cr
iteria
and
app
licab
le p
roce
edin
g
EB 2
,0
EC 2
,0
Res
ults
ana
lysi
s an
d ev
alua
tion
on th
e ba
se o
f acc
epta
bilit
y cr
iteria
and
app
licab
le p
roce
edin
g
Le
ak te
st p
roce
dure
s co
mpi
latio
n R
efer
ence
sta
ndar
ds a
nd o
ther
do
cum
ents
Le
ak te
st p
roce
dure
com
pila
tion
Ref
eren
ce s
tand
ards
and
oth
er
docu
men
ts
te
chni
que
proc
eedi
ng a
nd m
odul
e re
late
d to
dra
fting
10.8
A
sses
smen
t (N
ot a
pplic
able
)
Ana
lysi
s th
roug
h al
tern
ativ
e te
chni
ques
or m
etho
ds
EB 2
,0
EC 2
,0
Acc
epta
bilit
y cr
iteria
ass
essm
ent
in c
olla
bora
tion
with
pro
ject
en
gine
er s
peci
alis
t and
m
anuf
actu
ring
man
ager
s
EB 2
,5EC
2,5
Er
gono
mic
ana
lysi
s th
roug
h al
tern
ativ
e te
chni
ques
or m
etho
ds
10.9
Qua
lity
aspe
cts
Pers
onne
l qua
lific
atio
n (a
ccor
ding
to E
N 4
73 a
nd IS
O 9
712)
E 1,
0 Pe
rson
nel q
ualif
icat
ion
(acc
ordi
ng to
EN
473
and
ISO
971
2)E
1,0
EB 1
,0EC
1,0
Pers
onne
l qua
lific
atio
n (a
ccor
ding
to E
N 4
73 a
nd IS
O 9
712)
E 1,
0 EB
1,0
EC 1
,0
E
quip
men
t ver
ifica
tion
E
quip
men
t ver
ifica
tion
E
quip
men
t ver
ifica
tion
W
ritte
n in
stru
ctio
ns
Fo
rmat
of w
orki
ng p
roce
dure
s
Tr
acea
bilit
y of
doc
umen
ts
Tr
acea
bilit
y of
doc
umen
ts
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
56 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
O
ther
ND
T qu
alifi
catio
n an
d ce
rtific
atio
n sy
stem
s
A
revi
ew o
f app
licab
le N
DT
appl
icat
ion
and
prod
uct s
tand
ards
A re
view
of a
pplic
able
ND
T ap
plic
atio
n an
d pr
oduc
t sta
ndar
ds
10.1
0
Dev
elop
men
ts
(Not
app
licab
le)
Sp
ecia
l ind
ustr
ial i
nsta
llatio
n E
1,0
New
dev
elop
men
t for
indu
stria
l an
d R
&D
app
licat
ions
E
2,0
Tota
l dur
atio
n
E 7
EB 1
3,5
EC 1
8,5
E
10
EB 2
9
EC 3
7
E
11
EB 2
2.5
EC 2
8.5
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 57
11 A
cous
tic e
mis
sion
s te
stin
g —
Lev
els
1, 2
and
3
The
lette
rs E
and
P fo
llow
ed b
y a
valu
e in
dica
te th
e ed
ucat
iona
l tra
inin
g tim
e an
d pr
actic
al tr
aini
ng ti
me
resp
ectiv
ely,
in h
ours
.
NO
TE
As
spec
ified
in E
N 4
73, d
irect
acc
ess
to th
e le
vel 3
exa
min
atio
n re
quire
s th
e to
tal h
ours
sho
wn
for l
evel
1 a
nd le
vel 2
.
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
11.1
In
trod
uctio
n to
, te
rmin
olog
y an
d hi
stor
y of
, ND
T
Term
inol
ogy
EN
133
0-9
Te
rmin
olog
y
EN
133
0-9
Te
rmin
olog
y
EN
133
0-9
11.2
Ph
ysic
al p
rinci
ples
an
d as
soci
ated
kn
owle
dges
Phys
ical
prin
cipl
es o
f AE
sour
ces
(mec
hani
sm in
ana
logy
to
eart
hqua
kes)
E 0,
5
E 1,
0
E 0,
5
Rel
evan
t sta
ndar
ds:
E
N 1
3554
: Gen
eral
prin
cipl
es
Ove
rvie
w
Fr
eque
ncy
rang
e
Effe
ct o
f dis
loca
tion
Effe
ct o
f stre
ss o
n th
e w
aves
V
isua
l dem
onst
ratio
n
Sou
rce
char
acte
ristic
s
Mod
es o
f fra
ctur
e
C
hara
cter
istic
s of
AE
E 1,
0 C
hara
cter
istic
s of
AE
E 1,
0
E 1,
0
Tr
ansi
ent e
mis
sion
Effe
ct o
f sou
rce
dim
ensi
on
E
ffect
of r
epea
ted
load
ing
C
ontin
uous
em
issi
on
E
ffect
of s
ourc
e ve
loci
ty
A
E d
urin
g ho
ld p
erio
ds
A
mpl
itude
Sou
rce
prop
agat
ion
Fe
licity
effe
ct
Fr
eque
ncy
rang
e
Type
of l
oadi
ng
Fe
licity
ratio
K
aise
r effe
ct (o
verv
iew
)
Kai
ser e
ffect
in d
iffer
ent m
ater
ials
So
urce
s of
AE
E 1,
0
E 1,
5
E 2,
0
M
etal
s
Diff
eren
t typ
e of
sou
rces
AE
sig
natu
res
C
ompo
site
s
Dis
loca
tion
S
CC
(stre
ss c
orro
sion
cra
ckin
g)
O
ther
mat
eria
ls
P
last
ic d
efor
mat
ion
Le
ak d
etec
tion
C
rack
gro
wth
Incl
usio
ns
C
orro
sion
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
58 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
C
rack
sur
face
fric
tion
C
rack
gro
wth
Oth
ers
Le
ak s
ourc
es
C
ritic
al a
nd s
ub-c
ritic
al c
rack
gro
wth
M
echa
nica
l fric
tion
Fa
tigue
cra
ck
Lo
ose
parts
Duc
tile
crac
k gr
owth
N
on d
etec
tabl
e so
urce
s
Mag
nitu
de o
f AE
sig
nals
on
diffe
rent
m
ater
ials
W
ave
prop
agat
ion
E 1,
0
E 1,
5
E 1,
5
Ty
pes
of e
last
ic w
aves
Wav
e m
otio
n an
d ve
loci
ty
D
iffra
ctio
n
Lo
ngitu
dina
l wav
es
M
ode
conv
ersi
on
A
niso
tropi
c pr
opag
atio
n
Tran
sver
se w
aves
Ref
lect
ion
and
refra
ctio
n of
wav
es
W
ave
prop
agat
ion
in fl
uids
R
ayle
igh
wav
es
W
ave
atte
nuat
ion
In
fluen
ce o
f flu
ids
W
ave
para
met
ers
La
mb
wav
es
A
ttenu
atio
n vs
. fre
quen
cy
W
ave
disp
ersi
on
G
eom
etric
effe
cts
S
hado
win
g ef
fect
s
So
urce
loca
tion
E 1,
0
E 2,
0
E 2,
0
O
ne s
enso
r loc
atio
n
Line
ar a
nd p
lana
r loc
atio
ns
A
lgor
ithm
det
ails
Li
near
loca
tion
with
del
ta-t
Cro
ss-c
orre
latio
n
P
lana
r loc
atio
n w
ith d
elta
-t
Zone
loca
tion
(alg
orith
m k
now
ledg
e)
Th
ree-
dim
ensi
onal
loca
tion
C
ontin
uous
em
issi
on
Th
in-w
alle
d an
d th
ick-
wal
led
stru
ctur
es
Loca
tion
unce
rtain
ty
N
eigh
bour
hood
rela
tions
Acc
urat
e lo
catio
ns u
sing
ana
lysi
s
G
uard
sen
sors
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 59
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
Poss
ible
fiel
ds fo
r app
licat
ion
of
AE
E 1,
0
E 1,
0
E 1,
0 11
.3
Prod
uct k
now
ledg
e an
d ca
pabi
litie
s of
m
etho
d an
d its
de
rivat
e te
chni
ques
Out
line
of d
iffer
ent s
truct
ures
Out
line
of d
iffer
ent m
ater
ials
P
ress
ure
equi
pmen
t
Sto
rage
tank
s
Pip
elin
es a
nd p
ipin
g sy
stem
s
Leak
det
ectio
n
M
achi
nes
Oth
er c
ompo
nent
s
Influ
ence
s of
load
ing
Load
ing
poss
ibili
ties
O
utlin
e of
che
mic
al a
nd p
hysi
cal
prop
ertie
s E
2,0
E
1,0
E
1,0
E
last
icity
Cre
ep
Fr
actu
re m
echa
nics
D
uctil
ity
Toug
hnes
s
W
eldi
ng
S
igni
fican
t tes
t for
mat
eria
ls
prop
ertie
s ve
rific
atio
n
S
tiffn
ess
Fa
tigue
W
ear
Pr
essu
re e
quip
men
t E
2,0
E
1,0
E
2,0
N
orm
al te
st p
erfo
rman
ce o
f pre
ssur
e eq
uipm
ent
A
dvan
tage
s an
d di
sadv
anta
ges
of
AE
on
pres
sure
equ
ipm
ent
D
iffer
ence
s be
twee
n A
E a
nd o
ther
te
chni
ques
D
iffer
ence
s of
the
first
pre
ssur
e te
st
and
repe
titio
n te
sts
Pr
oduc
t sta
ndar
ds a
nd c
odes
E
1,0
E
2,0
E
2,0
O
utlin
e of
CE
N s
tand
ards
han
dlin
g w
ith A
E (e
.g. E
N 1
3445
-5:2
002,
A
nnex
E)
C
EN
pro
duct
sta
ndar
ds, t
heir
influ
ence
on
AE
PE
D
Dire
ctiv
es fo
r non
-pre
ssur
ized
eq
uipm
ent
O
utlin
e of
rele
vant
nat
iona
l st
anda
rds
R
elev
ant n
atio
nal s
tand
ards
Rel
evan
t US
sta
ndar
ds
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
60 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
11.4
Equi
pmen
t
Rel
evan
t sta
ndar
ds:
E
N 1
3477
-1 a
nd E
N 1
3477
-2
Sens
ors
E 1,
5 C
alib
ratio
n m
etho
ds
Sen
sor s
elec
tion
E 1,
5 W
ave
mod
e re
spon
se a
pertu
re
effe
ct
E 1,
5
P
iezo
elec
trici
ty
C
onst
ruct
ion
Fr
eque
ncy
resp
onse
Gro
und-
loop
Rec
ipro
city
cal
ibra
tion
W
ide-
band
and
reso
nant
sen
sors
Tem
pera
ture
effe
cts
S
peci
al s
enso
rs
C
oupl
ing
and
sens
itivi
ty
A
cous
tic im
peda
nce
S
hiel
ding
In
tegr
al e
lect
roni
cs
W
ave
guid
e
Impe
danc
e m
atch
ing
S
ingl
e en
ded/
diffe
rent
ial
N
oise
sus
cept
ibilit
y
C
onne
ctor
s
Sim
ulat
ed A
E s
ourc
es
C
able
s
Pr
eam
plifi
ers
Sin
gle
ende
d/di
ffere
ntia
l
E 0,
5 Fr
eque
ncy
filte
r sel
ectio
n E
0,5
Inpu
t cap
acity
E
0,5
U
nit o
f gai
n (d
b sc
ale)
Cab
le le
ngth
effe
cts
Fi
lter t
ypes
E
lect
roni
c no
ise
C
omm
on m
ode
reje
ctio
n
Ele
ctro
nic
nois
e
Fi
lters
Sig
nal s
atur
atio
n
Si
gnal
pro
cess
ing
E 2,
0
E 1,
0
E 1,
0
Con
tinuo
us s
igna
l
AE
par
amet
ers
(EN
133
0-9)
Dig
ital v
s. a
nalo
gous
sig
nal
Tr
ansi
ent s
igna
l
Bac
kgro
und
nois
e
E
nerg
y (tr
ue, M
AR
SE
, alte
rnat
ive)
Sys
tem
par
amet
er d
efin
ition
and
se
lect
ion
A
SL
A
cqui
sitio
n ra
te
D
istri
butio
n te
chni
ques
R
MS
Wav
efor
m d
igiti
zatio
n
Spe
ctra
l ana
lysi
s
A
mpl
itude
Wav
efor
m re
cord
ing
C
asca
ded
hits
Th
resh
old
C
ontin
uous
mod
e m
easu
rem
ent
S
ingl
e- v
s. m
ulti-
chan
nel s
yste
m
In
dust
rial d
edic
ated
sys
tem
s
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 61
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
So
urce
loca
tion
proc
essi
ng
E
2,0
E
1,0
P 2,
0
E 1,
0
A
lgor
ithm
ove
rvie
w
A
lgor
ithm
kno
wle
dge
A
lgor
ithm
det
ails
Li
near
loca
tion
A
lgor
ithm
sel
ectio
n
Wav
e m
ode
influ
ence
Zo
ne lo
catio
n
Loca
tion
unce
rtain
ty
N
eigh
bour
hood
rela
tions
H
it-se
quen
ce lo
catio
n
Gua
rd c
hann
els
C
ross
-cor
rela
tion
tech
niqu
e
P
lana
r loc
atio
n
Thre
e-di
men
sion
al lo
catio
n
Fact
ors
affe
ctin
g er
rors
on
loca
tion
A
dvan
ced
sign
al p
roce
ssin
g E
0,5
E
0,5
E
1,0
E
xter
nal p
aram
eter
s
FFT
P
atte
rn re
cogn
ition
D
istri
butio
n pl
ots
W
avef
orm
feat
ure
extra
ctio
n
Sig
nal a
vera
ging
C
orre
latio
n pl
ots
Ti
min
g co
nsid
erat
ions
Wav
efor
m re
cord
ing
for
cros
s-co
rrel
atio
n
Eq
uipm
ent c
alib
ratio
n
E 2,
0
E 1,
0 P
2,0
E
0,5
S
enso
r ver
ifica
tion
in la
b
Sen
sor c
alib
ratio
n in
lab
D
iffer
ent c
alib
ratio
n pr
oced
ures
A
E s
yste
m v
erifi
catio
n in
lab
A
E s
yste
m c
alib
ratio
n in
lab
K
now
ledg
e of
EN
134
77-1
and
E
N 1
3477
-2
N
atio
nal s
tand
ards
, if a
pplic
able
Fu
ndam
enta
l of i
nfor
mat
ics
E 0,
5
E 0,
5
E 1,
0
K
now
ledg
e an
d us
e of
com
pute
rs
K
now
ledg
e of
sof
twar
e
Kno
wle
dge
of th
e lo
catio
n al
gorit
hms
K
now
ledg
e of
dat
a an
alys
is
K
now
ledg
e of
sys
tem
lim
itatio
ns
K
now
ledg
e of
dat
a pr
esen
tatio
n
Kno
wle
dge
of c
urre
nt s
tate
-of-t
he a
rt
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
62 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h 11
.5
Info
rmat
ion
prio
r to
test
ing
Det
erm
inat
ion
of th
e A
E te
st
perf
orm
ance
E
0,5
E
1,0
E
1,0
E
N 1
3554
Info
rmat
ion
prio
r the
test
Fa
ctor
s in
fluen
cing
the
test
ing
inst
ruct
ion
In
form
atio
n ab
out t
he h
isto
ry o
f the
te
sted
stru
ctur
e
E
0,5
E
1,0
E
1,0
Load
ing
proc
edur
es
Pre
ssur
e te
sts
(max
imum
test
pr
essu
re, l
oadi
ng ra
te, l
oad
hold
s)
Est
ablis
hmen
t of t
he lo
adin
g pr
ogra
m
Rep
eate
d lo
adin
g C
yclic
load
ing
Con
tinuo
us m
easu
rem
ent
Det
erm
inat
ion
of th
e lo
adin
g pr
oced
ure
Sec
onda
ry lo
adin
g ef
fect
s (e
.g. T
empe
ratu
re)
Mon
itorin
g O
n-lin
e m
easu
rem
ent
Influ
ence
and
oth
er lo
adin
g po
ssib
ilitie
s
E
2,0
E 1,
0
E 1,
0
Adv
ance
d lo
catio
n te
chni
ques
Sour
ce lo
catio
n S
ingl
e ch
anne
l loc
atio
n Li
near
loca
tion
Zone
loca
tion
Pla
nar l
ocat
ion
Oth
er lo
catio
n te
chni
ques
Lo
catio
n ac
cura
cy
A
E te
stin
g in
stru
ctio
ns
Wor
king
with
an
AE
test
ing
inst
ruct
ions
E 2,
0 P
2,0
Writ
ting
of a
n A
E te
stin
g in
stru
ctio
n E
2,0
P 3,
0 A
ccep
tanc
e of
an
AE
test
ing
inst
ruct
ion
E 2,
0
AE
test
ing
proc
edur
e
Impl
emen
tatio
n of
an
AE
test
ing
proc
edur
e in
to a
test
ing
inst
ruct
ion
W
ritin
g of
an
AE
test
ing
proc
edur
e In
terp
reta
tion
of s
tand
ards
D
iffer
ence
s of
AE
test
ing
proc
edur
e an
d in
stru
ctio
ns
E 3,
0 P
4,0
11.6
Te
stin
g Eq
uipm
ent s
et-u
p E
2,0
P 8,
0
E 0,
5 P
4,0
E
quip
men
t set
-up
Fa
ctor
s af
fect
ing
the
sele
ctio
n of
the
test
equ
ipm
ent
S
enso
r pla
cem
ent
E
quip
men
t ver
ifica
tion
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 63
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
N
oise
iden
tific
atio
n
V
eloc
ity a
nd a
ttenu
atio
n m
easu
rem
ent
Lo
catio
n of
sim
ulat
ed s
ourc
es
Te
st p
erfo
rman
ce
Load
ing
proc
edur
e
E 2,
0 P
2,0
E
0,5
P 2;
0
A
ctio
ns d
urin
g th
e te
sts
D
ata
acqu
isiti
on a
nd d
ata
disp
lay
durin
g te
st
E 2,
0 P
8,0
E
1,0
P 2,
0
E 0,
5
Dat
a ac
quis
ition
Sig
nific
ance
of t
he p
lots
for d
ata
disp
lay
(tim
e-ba
sed,
load
-bas
ed,
loca
tion,
cor
rela
tion)
E
stab
lishm
ent o
f the
acc
epta
nce
crite
ria
Sel
ectio
n of
plo
ts, c
orre
latio
n an
d di
strib
utio
ns
O
n-lin
e ev
alua
tion
C
ompa
rison
with
the
verif
icat
ion
Com
paris
on w
ith lo
catio
n of
si
mul
ated
sou
rce
N
eces
sary
act
ions
dur
ing
the
test
E
1,0
P 2,
0
E 1,
0
S
top
crite
ria
V
erifi
catio
n of
on-
line
dete
cted
AE
so
urce
s by
oth
er N
DT
met
hods
Inte
rpre
tatio
n of
the
rela
tion
betw
een
the
AE
sou
rce
and
the
resu
lt of
the
adjo
inin
g N
DT
E 1,
5
11.7
Ev
alua
tion
and
repo
rtin
g
Dat
a di
spla
y
E 2,
0 P
2,0
E
0,5
P 4,
0
E 1,
0
Ti
me-
base
d pl
ots
A
E s
ourc
e co
rrel
atio
n
Adv
ance
d da
ta d
ispl
ay (p
atte
rn
reco
gniti
on)
Lo
ad-b
ased
plo
ts
P
aram
eter
-bas
ed p
lots
Lo
catio
n pl
ots
D
istri
butio
n pl
ots
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
64 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
C
orre
latio
n pl
ots
D
ata
inte
rpre
tatio
n E
1,0
E
1,0
E
1,0
N
oise
and
oth
er n
on-r
elev
ant
iden
tific
atio
n
Pos
t pro
cess
ing
nois
e id
entif
icat
ion
and
filte
ring
A
dvan
ced
filte
ring
proc
esse
s
A
E b
ehav
iour
vs.
app
lied
load
Sou
rce
activ
ity
D
ata
eval
uatio
n
E
1,0
P 2,
0
E 1,
0
S
ourc
e se
verit
y
Adv
ance
d ev
alua
tion
proc
esse
s
S
ourc
e cr
itica
lity
D
ocum
enta
tion
and
repo
rtin
g E
2,0
E
0,5
E
1,0
D
ocum
enta
tion
of th
e re
sults
Rep
ort a
ccor
ding
to E
N 1
3554
Rep
ort a
ccor
ding
to IS
O 1
7025
11.8
A
sses
smen
t Pr
oduc
t sta
ndar
ds a
nd
acce
ptan
ce c
riter
ia
E 0,
5
E 2,
0 P
2,0
E
2,0
Im
plem
enta
tion
of th
e ac
cept
ance
cr
iteria
into
the
test
ing
inst
ruct
ion
Im
plem
enta
tion
of th
e ac
cept
ance
cr
iteria
into
the
test
ing
proc
edur
e
In
terp
reta
tion
of th
e ac
cept
ance
cr
iteria
in p
rodu
ct s
tand
ards
A
E so
urce
eva
luat
ion
and
test
re
sults
E
0,5
E
1,0
E
3,0
O
utlin
e fo
r the
sou
rce
valid
atio
n
Rel
atio
ns b
etw
een
AE
and
phy
sica
l so
urce
s
Inte
rpre
tatio
n of
con
nect
ion
betw
een
AE
and
phy
sica
l sou
rces
S
ophi
stic
ated
dat
a tre
atm
ent
tech
niqu
es
11.9
Qua
lity
aspe
cts
Pers
onne
l qua
lific
atio
n (a
ccor
ding
to E
N 4
73 a
nd IS
O 9
712)
E 1,
0 Pe
rson
nel q
ualif
icat
ion
(acc
ordi
ng to
EN
473
and
ISO
971
2)E
2,0
Pers
onne
l qua
lific
atio
n (a
ccor
ding
to E
N 4
73 a
nd IS
O 9
712)
E 2,
0
E
quip
men
t ver
ifica
tion
E
quip
men
t ver
ifica
tion
E
quip
men
t ver
ifica
tion
W
ritte
n in
stru
ctio
ns
Fo
rmat
of w
orki
ng p
roce
dure
s
Tr
acea
bilit
y of
doc
umen
ts
Tr
acea
bilit
y of
doc
umen
ts
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 65
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
O
ther
ND
T qu
alifi
catio
n an
d ce
rtific
atio
n sy
stem
s
A
revi
ew o
f app
licab
le N
DT
appl
icat
ion
and
prod
uct s
tand
ards
A re
view
of a
pplic
able
ND
T ap
plic
atio
n an
d pr
oduc
t sta
ndar
ds
11.1
0
Dev
elop
men
ts
New
dev
elop
men
ts in
the
field
of
AE-
and
ass
ocia
ted
ND
T te
chni
ques
N
ew d
evel
opm
ents
for i
ndus
trial
ap
plic
atio
n of
AE
E
2,0
New
est d
evel
opm
ents
for i
ndus
trial
an
d sc
ient
ific
appl
icat
ions
of A
E
E 4,
0
N
ew d
evel
opm
ents
on
the
field
of
ND
T (d
iffer
ence
s)
Tota
l dur
atio
n
E 38
.5
P 24
E
36
P 23
E
44.5
P 4
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
66 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
12 V
isua
l tes
ting
— L
evel
s 1,
2 a
nd 3
The
lette
rs E
and
P fo
llow
ed b
y a
valu
e in
dica
te th
e ed
ucat
iona
l tra
inin
g tim
e an
d pr
actic
al tr
aini
ng ti
me
resp
ectiv
ely,
in h
ours
.
NO
TE
As
spec
ified
in E
N 4
73, d
irect
acc
ess
to th
e le
vel 3
exa
min
atio
n re
quire
s th
e to
tal h
ours
sho
wn
for l
evel
1 a
nd le
vel 2
.
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h 12
.1
Intr
oduc
tion
to,
term
inol
ogy,
pur
pose
an
d hi
stor
y of
, ND
T
E 0,
25
E 0,
5 Sa
me
as le
vel 2
U
se o
f vis
ual t
estin
g as
a
com
plem
ent t
o ot
her N
DT
met
hods
E 0,
5
His
tory
His
tory
of v
isua
l tes
ting
(VT)
Pur
pose
of N
DT
Def
initi
on o
f VT
Term
inol
ogy
Term
inol
ogy
appl
icab
le to
VT
EN
133
0-2
and
EN
133
0-10
Ove
rvie
w o
f VT
appl
icat
ions
His
tory
H
isto
ry o
f vis
ual t
estin
g (V
T)
Pur
pose
of N
DT
Def
initi
on o
f VT
Term
inol
ogy
Term
inol
ogy
appl
icab
le to
VT
EN
133
0-2
and
EN
133
0-10
Ext
ende
d ov
ervi
ew o
f VT
appl
icat
ions
12.2
Ph
ysic
al p
rinci
ples
of
the
met
hod
and
asso
ciat
ed k
now
ledg
e
Rel
evan
t sta
ndar
ds:
E
N 1
3018
: VT
Gen
eral
prin
cipl
es
E
N 1
3927
: VT
equi
pmen
t
E 2,
25
P 0,
5 R
elev
ant s
tand
ards
:
E
N 1
3018
: VT
Gen
eral
prin
cipl
es
E
N 1
3927
: VT
equi
pmen
t
Fund
amen
tals
Vis
io:
E 3,
0 P
0,5
Sam
e as
leve
l 2 p
lus
Goa
ls a
nd p
rinci
ples
of V
T
Com
preh
ensi
ve k
now
ledg
e an
d un
ders
tand
ing
of th
e ph
ysic
al
prin
cipl
es a
nd p
hysi
cs o
f lig
ht
incl
udin
g.
E 3,
0
Fund
amen
tals
The
eye,
incl
udin
g op
erat
ion
and
cons
truct
ion
Vis
ion
limita
tions
Ada
ptat
ion
and
acco
mm
odat
ion
Dis
orde
rs
O
ptic
al p
erfo
rman
ce:
po
lariz
atio
n of
ligh
t;
st
robo
scop
ic p
rinci
ples
;
di
sper
sion
;
re
fract
ion
and
refra
ctiv
e in
dex;
re
flect
ion;
flu
ores
cenc
e;
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 67
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
Vis
ion
adva
ntag
es a
nd d
isad
vant
ages
of d
iffer
ent w
avel
engt
hs o
f
optic
al ra
diat
ion
(UV
, IR
),
incl
udin
g co
lour
tem
pera
ture
.
Li
ghtin
g:
Li
ghtin
g: p
hysi
cs o
f lig
ht
Ty
pes
of li
ght s
ourc
es, n
atur
al,
artif
icia
l inc
ludi
ng la
ser
trans
mis
sion
;
refle
ctio
n;
E
lect
rom
agne
tic ra
diat
ion
D
etai
ls o
f the
eye
incl
udin
g:
abso
rptio
n.
V
isib
le w
avel
engt
hs
visi
on ra
nges
;
P
hoto
met
ry
Fu
ndam
enta
ls o
f lig
ht:
effe
cts
of d
isor
ders
.
Li
ght l
evel
s
tra
nsm
issi
on;
re
flect
ion;
Cam
era
and
phot
o se
nsor
ope
ratio
n an
d pr
inci
ples
:
Ligh
t mea
sure
men
t
ab
sorp
tion.
op
tical
filte
rs;
co
nstru
ctio
n of
dig
ital i
mag
es a
nd
pr
oble
ms;
Li
ghtin
g m
easu
rem
ents
im
age
proc
essi
ng;
imag
e an
alys
is;
Lu
min
ance
:
im
age
com
pres
sion
and
light
ing
leve
ls;
trans
mis
sion
;
light
ing
tech
niqu
es;
imag
e st
orag
e;
cont
rast
.
re
solu
tion;
vide
o m
onito
rs;
O
ptic
al p
rinci
ples
Opt
ical
prin
cipl
es:
othe
r mon
itors
;
oper
atio
n of
lens
es;
light
met
ers
and
phot
omet
ers.
oper
atio
n of
mag
nifie
rs;
imag
e co
nstru
ctio
n;
virtu
al im
ages
;
chro
mat
ic a
berr
atio
n;
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
68 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
ge
omet
ric d
isto
rtion
;
m
agni
ficat
ion
prin
cipl
es;
Prin
cipl
es o
f ope
ratio
n of
fibr
e bu
ndle
s an
d le
nses
:
co
here
nt;
in
cohe
rent
.
P
hoto
gram
met
ry
Vis
ual p
erce
ptio
n
Mat
eria
l attr
ibut
es
Col
our
Sur
face
con
ditio
n
Sur
face
pre
para
tion
E
nviro
nmen
tal f
acto
rs
Vis
ual p
erce
ptio
n:
wha
t the
eye
s se
e;
wha
t the
min
d se
es;
wha
t oth
ers
perc
eive
;
wha
t the
des
igne
r, en
gine
er e
tc.
Mat
eria
l attr
ibut
es a
ffect
ing
the
test
:
clea
nlin
ess;
colo
ur;
cond
ition
;
shap
e;
size
;
tem
pera
ture
;
text
ure;
type
;
surfa
ce fi
nish
;
surfa
ce p
repa
ratio
n;
Env
ironm
enta
l and
phy
siol
ogic
al
fact
ors:
atm
osph
ere;
com
fort;
pers
pect
ive.
dist
ance
;
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 69
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
acce
ssin
g;
fatig
ue;
heal
th;
hum
idity
;
men
tal a
ttitu
de;
posi
tion;
safe
ty;
tem
pera
ture
;
clea
nlin
ess.
D
irect
and
rem
ote
met
hods
Dire
ct a
nd re
mot
e m
etho
ds
V
isio
n re
quire
men
ts
V
isio
n re
quire
men
ts &
the
empl
oyer
s re
spon
sibi
lity
R
efer
ence
s:
EN
130
18
EN
139
27
The
dept
h of
kno
wle
dge
requ
ired
for
this
sec
tion
is a
s fo
llow
s:
te
st o
bjec
ts a
nd fl
aws;
12.3
Pr
oduc
t kno
wle
dge
and
capa
bilit
ies
of th
e m
etho
d an
d its
de
rivat
e te
chni
ques
The
dept
h of
kno
wle
dge
requ
ired
for
this
sec
tion
is a
s fo
llow
s:
Out
line
of b
asic
flaw
s de
tect
able
by
VT
as n
eces
sary
to w
ork
in a
sp
ecifi
c se
ctor
E 2,
5 P
0,5
ba
sic
prod
uctio
n an
d
degr
adat
ion
proc
ess;
E 3,
5 P
1,0
Leve
l 2 p
lus
Eva
luat
ion
of s
urfa
ces
E 3,
5
term
s, o
rigin
and
nat
ure
and
ap
pear
ance
of f
law
s;
R
ough
ness
and
wav
ines
s
pr
oduc
t tec
hnol
ogy
sect
ors;
ba
sic
met
allu
rgy
of th
e
proc
ess/
com
pone
nt;
Ref
eren
ces:
E
N 9
70
E
N 1
2454
E
N 1
370
E
N 5
817
wel
ding
/join
ing
met
hods
.
A
war
enes
s of
cap
abilit
y an
d lim
itatio
ns
In
clud
ing
clad
ding
and
but
terin
g:
D
efin
ition
of s
hape
& g
eom
etry
of
flaw
s
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
70 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
w
roug
ht p
rodu
ct p
rodu
ctio
n
met
hods
;
co
ld w
orki
ng p
roce
sses
;
he
at tr
eatm
ent p
roce
sses
.
A c
ompr
ehen
sive
und
erst
andi
ng a
nd
know
ledg
e of
the
man
ufac
turin
g pr
oces
ses
and
asso
ciat
ed
met
allu
rgy
and
flaw
type
s, e
tc.
M
ater
ial c
ompo
sitio
n:
surfa
ce fi
nish
ing
met
hods
;
basi
c fo
undr
y te
chno
logy
;
mac
hini
ng a
nd m
ater
ial r
emov
al
pr
oces
ses;
poly
mer
s/co
mpo
site
s.
A c
ompr
ehen
sive
und
erst
andi
ng a
nd
know
ledg
e of
the
caus
e an
d fo
rmat
ion
of in
-ser
vice
def
ects
in
clud
ing
asso
ciat
ed m
etal
lurg
y an
d fla
w ty
pes,
etc
.
In
-ser
vice
asp
ects
:
serv
ice
indu
ced
flaw
s;
mec
hani
cally
;
ther
mal
ly;
tribo
logy
;
wea
r;
chem
ical
;
elec
troch
emic
al.
Ref
eren
ces:
E
N 9
70
E
M 1
2454
E
N 1
370
E
N IS
O 5
817,
etc
.
IS
O 3
057
R
efer
ence
s:
E
N 9
70
E
N 1
2454
E
N 1
370
E
N 1
0163
-1
E
N 1
0163
-2
E
N 1
0163
-3
E
N IS
O 5
817,
etc
.
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 71
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
C
apab
ility
and
limita
tions
of V
T
D
etec
t abi
lity:
flaw
siz
e;
shap
e;
orie
ntat
ion/
posi
tion;
flaw
type
s;
surfa
ce c
ondi
tion
effe
cts;
equi
pmen
t lim
itatio
ns;
light
ing
effe
cts.
A
ssoc
iate
d te
chni
ques
:
gaug
ing;
com
para
tors
;
mea
sure
men
t;
ther
mog
raph
ic im
agin
g;
repl
icat
ion.
R
efer
ence
s:
IS
O 3
057
12.4
Equi
pmen
t
Intr
oduc
tion
to e
quip
men
t E
1,5
P 1,
5
Intr
oduc
tion
to, a
nd a
pplic
atio
ns
of, e
quip
men
t E
3,0
P 1,
5
Sam
e as
leve
l 2, p
lus
incl
usio
n of
eq
uipm
ent f
or a
sses
smen
t of
surf
ace
cond
ition
s
M
irror
s
Mag
nifie
rs (I
SO
305
8)
Bor
esco
pes
Fibr
esco
pes
M
irror
s
Mag
nifie
rs (I
SO
305
8)
Bor
esco
pes
Fibr
esco
pes
A
goo
d un
ders
tand
ing
of e
quip
men
t pe
rform
ance
lim
itatio
ns a
nd th
e se
lect
ion
of n
ew e
quip
men
t for
its
suita
bilit
y.
E 4,
0 P
1,5
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
72 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
Pho
togr
aphi
c an
d vi
deo:
im
agin
g ca
mer
as;
lig
ht s
ourc
es a
nd s
peci
al
lig
htin
g;
ga
uges
, tem
plat
es, s
cale
s,
sp
ecia
l too
ls, e
tc.;
au
tom
ated
sys
tem
s;
co
mpu
ter-e
nhan
ced
syst
ems;
de
mon
stra
tion
test
pie
ce;
re
solu
tion
targ
ets.
P
hoto
grap
hic
and
vide
o:
im
agin
g ca
mer
as;
vi
deo
mon
itors
lig
ht s
ourc
es a
nd s
peci
al
lig
htin
g;
ga
uges
, tem
plat
es, s
cale
s,
sp
ecia
l too
ls, e
tc.;
au
tom
ated
sys
tem
s;
co
mpu
ter-e
nhan
ced
syst
ems;
de
mon
stra
tion
test
pie
ce;
re
solu
tion
targ
ets;
A
dditi
onal
ly, t
he e
ffect
this
will
hav
e on
the
test
arra
ngem
ent
The
eval
uatio
n of
equ
ipm
ent t
o fu
lfil
a pa
rticu
lar t
ask
Dev
elop
men
t of v
erifi
catio
n fo
r eq
uipm
ent p
erfo
rman
ce, i
nclu
ding
th
e ch
oice
/des
ign
and
appl
icat
ion
of
dem
onst
ratio
n te
st p
iece
s.
grat
icul
es.
O
r oth
er s
peci
al e
quip
men
t as
nece
ssar
y fo
r the
test
Im
age
reco
rdin
g, tr
ansf
er a
nd
stor
age
equi
pmen
t:
W
hy e
quip
men
t mus
t be
verif
ied
equi
pmen
t sel
ectio
n &
lim
itatio
ns
ve
rific
atio
n of
equ
ipm
ent
Ref
eren
ces:
E
N 1
3927
IS
O 3
058
S
izin
g of
indi
catio
ns:
im
agin
g sy
stem
s;
sp
ecia
l opt
ical
sys
tem
s.
U
nder
stan
ding
of t
he p
roce
dure
for
cont
rol,
mai
nten
ance
and
cal
ibra
tion
of e
quip
men
t.
O
r oth
er s
peci
al e
quip
men
t as
nece
ssar
y fo
r the
test
(und
erw
ater
, ra
diat
ion
resi
stan
t, et
c.)
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 73
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
12.5
Info
rmat
ion
prio
r to
test
ing
Pre-
test
doc
umen
tatio
n (E
N 1
3018
)
Test
inst
ruct
ions
E 1,
00
P 0,
50
Pre-
test
doc
umen
tatio
n (E
N 1
3018
)
Test
inst
ruct
ions
E 2,
50
P 1,
00
Sam
e as
leve
l 2 p
lus
writ
ing
of
proc
edur
es a
nd th
e de
sign
of t
he
test
arr
ange
men
t
E 3,
0
Writ
ten
proc
edur
e (w
hen
requ
ired)
Writ
ten
proc
edur
e or
sta
ndar
d (w
hen
requ
ired)
The
deve
lopm
ent a
nd a
pplic
atio
n of
ve
rific
atio
n te
chni
ques
incl
udin
g th
e de
mon
stra
tion
of p
roce
dure
s an
d in
stru
ctio
ns fo
r effe
ctiv
enes
s.
A th
orou
gh k
now
ledg
e of
co
mpl
emen
tary
ND
T m
etho
ds th
at
may
be
refe
renc
ed in
writ
ten
proc
edur
es.
O
bjec
t to
be te
sted
Obj
ect t
o be
test
ed
E
xten
t of t
est c
over
age
E
xten
t of t
est c
over
age
Te
chni
que
and
sequ
ence
of
perfo
rmin
g te
st
Te
chni
que
and
sequ
ence
of
perfo
rmin
g te
st
S
urfa
ce c
ondi
tion
S
urfa
ce c
ondi
tion
S
urfa
ce p
repa
ratio
n
Sur
face
pre
para
tion
Th
e st
age
of m
anuf
actu
re o
r ser
vice
lif
e w
hen
test
ing
is to
be
carr
ied
out
Th
e st
age
of m
anuf
actu
re o
r ser
vice
lif
e w
hen
test
ing
is to
be
carr
ied
out
Th
e re
quire
men
ts o
f tes
t per
sonn
el
Th
e re
quire
men
ts o
f tes
t per
sonn
el
Th
e ac
cept
ance
crit
eria
The
acce
ptan
ce c
riter
ia
Th
e ill
umin
atio
n (ty
pe, l
evel
and
di
rect
ion)
The
illum
inat
ion
(type
, lev
el a
nd
dire
ctio
n)
Th
e vi
sual
test
ing
equi
pmen
t to
be
used
The
visu
al te
stin
g eq
uipm
ent t
o be
us
ed
Th
e po
st te
st d
ocum
enta
tion
Th
e po
st te
st d
ocum
enta
tion
A
dem
onst
ratio
n te
st p
iece
&
insp
ectio
n ch
eckp
oint
s
A d
emon
stra
tion
test
piec
e an
d in
spec
tion
chec
kpoi
nts
R
equi
rem
ent f
or re
cord
ed im
ages
Req
uire
men
t for
reco
rded
imag
es
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
74 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
R
efer
ence
s:
E
N 1
3 01
8
D
evel
opm
ent a
nd w
ritin
g of
ND
T in
stru
ctio
ns fo
r lev
el I
for a
giv
en te
st
spec
imen
, fro
m s
tand
ards
or c
odes
.
12.6
Test
ing
How
to s
et u
p a
test
E
2,0
P 2,
0
How
to s
et u
p an
d ca
libra
te a
test
E
2,0
P 2,
0
Sam
e as
leve
l 2 p
lus
the
cont
rol
of p
roce
dure
s an
d in
stru
ctio
ns fo
r th
eir e
ffect
iven
ess
E 2,
0 P
1,5
W
orki
ng w
ith d
emon
stra
tion
test
pi
eces
and
reso
lutio
n ta
rget
s
Spe
cify
ing
and
wor
king
with
de
mon
stra
tion
test
pie
ces
and
reso
lutio
n ta
rget
s
Pre
pare
writ
ten
test
inst
ruct
ions
from
st
anda
rds
or c
odes
for g
iven
test
pi
eces
Pra
ctic
al tr
aini
ng o
n te
st e
quip
men
t an
d pe
rform
ing
test
s on
trai
ning
test
pi
eces
with
kno
wn
flaw
s to
pro
vide
d in
stru
ctio
ns/p
roce
dure
s in
clud
ing
equi
pmen
t and
test
par
amet
ers
P
ract
ical
trai
ning
on
test
equ
ipm
ent
and
perfo
rmin
g te
sts
on tr
aini
ng te
st
piec
es w
ith k
now
n fla
ws
to
inst
ruct
ions
as
abov
e in
clud
ing
equi
pmen
t and
test
par
amet
ers
12.7
Eval
uatio
n an
d R
epor
ting
Rep
ortin
g th
e re
sults
of t
ests
E
0,5
P 0,
5
Leve
l 1 d
etai
l plu
s ho
w to
con
trol
an
d m
onito
r a L
evel
1 te
st d
one
with
you
r gui
danc
e
E 1,
0
P 0,
5
Sam
e as
leve
l 2 p
lus
how
to
deve
lop
repo
rt fo
rmat
s fo
r eas
e of
us
e an
d cl
arity
E 1,
0
R
efer
ence
to te
st s
tand
ards
Cal
ibra
tion
stat
us
In
terp
reta
tion,
eva
luat
ion
and
repo
rting
of r
esul
ts to
spe
cific
atio
ns
and
stan
dard
s
O
rgan
izat
ion
and
stor
age/
di
strib
utio
n of
fina
l rep
orts
R
efer
ence
poi
nts
for l
ocat
ion
of
indi
catio
ns
Cla
ssifi
catio
n of
indi
catio
ns p
er:
in
stru
cted
acc
epta
nce
crite
ria;
re
ports
and
doc
umen
tatio
n;
re
porti
ng v
erifi
catio
n re
sults
.
O
bjec
tive/
Sub
ject
ive
eval
uatio
n
Inve
stig
atio
n of
sui
tabl
e co
des
&
prod
uct s
tand
ards
for e
ach
appl
icat
ion
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 75
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
C
ompl
etio
n of
cal
ibra
tion
form
s
Act
ing
as a
refe
renc
e po
int f
or le
vel
2 ad
vice
for i
nter
pret
atio
n an
d ev
alua
tion
Ref
eren
ces:
E
N 1
3445
-5
E
N 1
2732
EN
129
52, e
tc.
12.8
A
sses
smen
t (N
ot a
pplic
able
)
Cla
ssifi
catio
n an
d as
sess
men
t of
obse
rvat
ions
per
acc
epta
nce
crite
ria
from
the
code
s, s
tand
ards
or w
ritte
n in
stru
ctio
ns, e
tc. o
r by
spec
ific
refe
renc
e to
a le
vel 3
whe
re n
o co
des
or s
tand
ards
exi
st
E 0,
50
P 0,
25
Det
aile
d kn
owle
dge
of h
ow to
cl
assi
fy a
nd a
sses
s ob
serv
atio
ns,
anal
yse
the
resu
lts a
nd c
ompa
re
them
to c
odes
, sta
ndar
ds a
nd
desi
gn s
peci
ficat
ions
, etc
.
E 1,
0
By
com
paris
on
H
ow to
dev
elop
cod
es, s
tand
ards
an
d de
sign
spe
cific
atio
ns e
tc. i
nto
clea
r acc
epta
nce
crite
ria to
be
writ
ten
into
pro
cedu
res
and
inst
ruct
ions
B
y m
easu
rem
ent
Aut
omat
ed e
valu
atio
n, e
.g. p
atte
rn
reco
gniti
on
A
lso,
how
to fi
nd in
form
atio
n or
as
sist
ance
to in
vest
igat
e ob
serv
atio
ns n
ot c
over
ed b
y co
des
and
stan
dard
s an
d de
velo
p ac
cept
ance
crit
eria
R
ecor
ding
The
train
ing
of le
vels
1 a
nd 2
for
thes
e ac
cept
ance
crit
eria
R
epor
ting
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
76 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Con
tent
Le
vel 1
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 2
D
urat
ion
h Le
vel 3
D
urat
ion
h
12.9
Qua
lity
aspe
cts
Pers
onne
l qua
lific
atio
n (a
ccor
ding
to E
N 4
73 a
nd IS
O 9
712)
E 1,
0 Pe
rson
nel q
ualif
icat
ion
(acc
ordi
ng to
EN
473
and
ISO
971
2)E
1,0
P 1,
0 Pe
rson
nel q
ualif
icat
ion
(a
ccor
ding
to E
N 4
73 a
nd IS
O 9
712)
E 2,
0 P
1,0
E
quip
men
t ver
ifica
tion
E
quip
men
t ver
ifica
tion
E
quip
men
t ver
ifica
tion
W
ritte
n in
stru
ctio
ns
Fo
rmat
of w
orki
ng p
roce
dure
s
Tr
acea
bilit
y of
doc
umen
ts
Tr
acea
bilit
y of
doc
umen
ts
O
ther
ND
T qu
alifi
catio
n an
d ce
rtific
atio
n sy
stem
s
A
revi
ew o
f app
licab
le N
DT
appl
icat
ion
and
prod
uct s
tand
ards
A re
view
of a
pplic
able
ND
T ap
plic
atio
n an
d pr
oduc
t sta
ndar
ds
12.1
0
Dev
elop
men
ts
(Not
app
licab
le)
G
ener
al in
form
atio
n
E 0,
5 Th
e im
porta
nce
of in
vest
igat
ing
curr
ent a
nd d
evel
opin
g te
chno
logy
an
d m
etho
ds o
f app
licat
ion.
E 1,
0
S
umm
ary
of la
test
dev
elop
men
ts
Tota
l dur
atio
n
E
11
P 10
E
17,5
P 7,
75
E
21
P 4
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 77
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
78 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Bibliography
[1] ISO 3057:1998, Non-destructive testing — Metallographic replica techniques of surface examination
[2] ISO 3058:1998, Non-destructive testing — Aids to visual inspection — Selection of low-power magnifiers
[3] ISO 5817:2003, Welding — Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) — Quality levels for imperfections
[4] ISO 5580:1985, Non-destructive testing — Industrial radiographic illuminators — Minimum requirements
[5] ISO 7963:1985, Welds in steel — Calibration block No. 2 for ultrasonic examination of welds
[6] EN ISO 3059:2001, Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing — Viewing conditions (ISO 3059:2001)
[7] EN ISO 3452-3:1998, Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing — Part 3: Reference test blocks (ISO 3452-3:1998)
[8] EN ISO 3452-4:1998, Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing — Part 4: Equipment (ISO 3452-4:1998)
[9] EN ISO 6520-1:1998, Welding and allied processes — Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials — Part 1: Fusion welding
[10] EN ISO 6520-2:2001, Welding and allied processes — Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials — Part 2: Welding with pressure
[11] EN ISO 9934-1:2001, Non-destructive testing — Magnetic particle testing — Part 1: General principles
[12] EN ISO 9934-3:2002, Non-destructive testing — Magnetic particle testing — Part 3: Equipment
[13] EN ISO 12706:2000, Non-destructive testing — Terminology — Terms used in penetrant testing
[14] EN 444:1994, Non-destructive testing — General principles for radiographic examination of metallic materials by X- and gamma-rays
[15] EN 462-1:1994, Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs — Part 1: Image quality indicators (wire type) — Determination of image quality value
[16] EN 462-2:1994, Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs — Part 2: Image quality indicators (step/hole type) — Determination of image quality value
[17] EN 462-3:1996, Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs — Part 3: Image quality classes for ferrous metals
[18] EN 462-4:1994, Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs — Part 4: Experimental evaluation of image quality values and image quality tables
[19] EN 462-5:1996, Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs — Part 5: Image quality indicators (duplex wire type), determination of image unsharpness value
[20] EN 473:2000, Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of NDT personnel — General principles
[21] EN 571-1:1997, Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing — Part 1: General principles
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 79
[22] EN 583-1:1998, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic examination — Part 1: General principles
[23] EN 583-2:2001, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic examination — Part 2: Sensitivity and range setting
[24] EN 583-3:1997, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic examination — Part 3: Transmission technique
[25] EN 583-4:2002, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic examination — Part 4: Examination for discontinuities perpendicular to the surface
[26] EN 583-5:2000, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic examination — Part 5: Characterization and sizing of discontinuities
[27] ENV 583-6:2000, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic examination — Part 6: Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for detection and sizing of discontinuities
[28] EN 584-1:1994, Non-destructive testing — Industrial radiographic film — Part 1: Classification of film systems for industrial radiography
[29] EN 584-2:1996, Non-destructive testing — Industrial radiographic film — Part 2: Control of film processing by means of reference values
[30] EN 970:1997, Non-destructive examination of fusion welds — Visual examination
[31] EN 1369:1996 – Founding - Magnetic particle inspection
[32] EN 1289:1998, Non-destructive examination of welds — Penetrant testing of welds — Acceptance levels
[33] EN 1290:1998, Non-destructive examination of welds — Magnetic particle examination of welds
[34] EN 1330-1:1998, Non-destructive testing — Terminology — Part 1: List of general terms
[35] EN 1330-2:1998, Non-destructive testing — Terminology — Part 2: Terms common to the non-destructive testing methods
[36] EN 1330-3:1997, Non-destructive testing — Terminology — Part 3: Terms used in industrial radiographc testing
[37] EN 1330-4:2000, Non-destructive testing — Terminology — Part 4: Terms used in ultrasonic testing
[38] EN 1330-5:1998, Non-destructive testing — Terminology — Part 5: Terms used in Eddy current testing
[39] EN 1330-8:1998, Non-destructive testing — Terminology — Part 8: Terms used in leak tightness testing
[40] EN 1330-9: 2000, Non-destructive testing — Terminology — Part 9: Terms used in acoustic emission testing
[41] EN 1330-10:2003, Non-destructive testing — Terminology — Part 10: Terms used in visual testing
[42] EN 1370:1996, Founding — Surface roughness inspection by visualtactile comparators
[43] EN 1371-1:1997, Founding — Liquid penetrant inspection — Part 1: Sand, gravity die and low pressure die castings
[44] EN 1435:1997, Non-destructive examination of welds — Radiographic examination of welded joints
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
80 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
[45] EN 1593:1999, Non-destructive testing — Leak testing — Bubble emission techniques
[46] EN 1779:1999, Non-destructive testing — Leak testing — Criteria for method and technique selection
[47] EN 10163-1:2004, Delivery requirements for surface conditions of hot-rolled steel plates, wide flats and sections — Part 1: General requirements
[48] EN 10163-2:2004, Delivery requirements for surface condition of hot-rolled steel plates, wide flats and sections — Part 2: Plates and wide flats
[49] EN 10163-3:2004, Delivery requirements for surface condition of hot rolled steel plates, wide flats and sections — Part 3: Sections
[50] EN 10228-1:1998, Non-destructive testing of steel forgings — Part 1: Magnetic particle testing
[51] EN 10228-2:1998, Non-destructive testing of steel forgings — Part 2: Penetrant testing
[52] EN 12062:1997, Non-destructive examination of welds — General rules for metallic materials
[53] EN 12084:2001, Non-destructive testing — Eddy current testing — General principles and guidelines
[54] EN 12223:1999, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic examination — Specification for calibration block No. 1
[55] EN 12454:1998, Founding — Visual examination of surface discontinuities — Steel sand castings
[56] EN 12517:1998, Non-destructive examination of welds — Radiographic examination of welded joints — Acceptance levels
[57] EN 12543-1:1999, Non-destructive testing — Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing — Part 1: Scanning method
[58] EN 12543-2:1999, Non-destructive testing — Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing — Part 2: Pinhole camera radiographic method
[59] EN 12543-3:1999, Non-destructive testing — Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing — Part 3: Slit camera radiographic method
[60] EN 12543-4:1999, Non-destructive testing — Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing — Part 4: Edge method
[61] EN 12543-5:1999, Non-destructive testing — Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing — Part 5: Measurement of the effective focal spot size of mini and micro focus X-ray tubes
[62] EN 12668-3:2000, Non-destructive testing — Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment — Part 3: Combined equipment
[63] EN 12679:1999, Non-destructive testing — Determination of the size of industrial radiographic sources — Radiographic method
[64] EN 12681:2003, Founding — Radiographic examination
[65] EN 12732:2000, Gas supply systems — Welding steel pipework — Functional requirements
[66] EN 12952:2001, Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations
[67] EN 13018:2001, Non-destructive testing -Visual testing — General principles
ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 81
[68] EN 13068-1:1999, Non-destructive testing — Radioscopic testing — Part 1: Quantitative measurement of imaging properties
[69] EN 13068-2:1999, Non-destructive testing — Radioscopic testing — Part 2: Check of long term stability of imaging devices
[70] EN 13068-3:2001, Non-destructive testing — Radioscopic testing — Part 3: General principles of radioscopic testing of metallic materials by X- and gamma rays
[71] EN 13184:2001, Non-destructive testing — Leak testing — Pressure change method
[72] EN 13185:2001, Non-destructive testing — Leak testing — Tracer gas method
[73] EN 13445-5:2002, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 5: Inspection and testing
[74] EN 13477-1:2001, Non-destructive testing — Acoustic emission — Equipment characterization — Part 1: Equipment description
[75] EN 13477-2:2001, Non-destructive testing — Acoustic emission — Equipment characterization — Part 2: Verification of operating characteristic
[76] EN 13554:2002, Non-destructive testing — Acoustic emission — General principles
[77] EN 13625:2001, Non-destructive testing — Leak test — Guide to the selection of instrumentation for the measurement of gas leakage
[78] EN 13860-1:2003, Non-destructive testing — Eddy current examination — Equipment characteristics and verification — Part 1: Instrument characteristics and verification
[79] EN 13860-2: 2003, Non-destructive testing — Eddy current examination — Equipment characteristics and verification — Part 2: Probe characteristics and verification
[80] EN 13927:2003, Non-destructive testing — Visual testing — Equipment
[81] EN 25580:1992, Non-destructive testing — Industrial radiographic illuminators — Minimum requirements
[82] EN ISO 5817:1992, Arc-welded joints in steel — Guidance on quality levels for imperfections
[83] EN 27963:1992, Welds in steel — Calibration block No. 2 for ultrasonic examination of welds
ICS 19.100 Price based on 81 pages
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
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