teaching vocabulary presentation (englishpost.org)
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Teaching Vocabulary
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Pronouns verbs adjectivesAdverbsconjunctions preposition
Words and word classes
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Content words are the ones that carry the information
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Grammatical words are words that contribute to the grammatical structure
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UnderstandUnderstandingUnderstoodMisunderstanding
Affixation
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Once againThe biggest threat
Collocations
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I like it A place like that
Homonyms
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Meat and meet
Homophones
Tale and tail
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Live concert
Homographs
I live in Norway
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age
Synonyms
old
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Young
antonyms
old
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Police officer is a occupation
Hyponyms
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Occupations
Police officer Firefighter
Co-Hyponyms
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Christmas
Christmas eveChristmas tree
LightsCarols
Lexical fields
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We have to learn it at two
levelsForm and meaning
How are words
learned?
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Form means knowing the written and
spoken form of a word.
Form
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Meaning refers to the meaning of the words and how they
are used.
Meaning
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Knowing the 200O most frequent words
in the English language provide
familiarity with 9 of every 10 words of spoken and written
English
Most frequent words
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Short term memoryWorking memory
Long term memory
Words are stored randomly in our
brains
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Short term memory: retains the information for a few seconds
Working memory: retaining long enough to perform operations
Long term memory: it can be compared to a filing system
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Information can be ensured in our brains through:RepetitionPersonal organizingImagingMotivationAttentionAffective depth
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Forgetting words
At the beginning 80 % of the words are forgotten within 24 hours and it gradually slows down.
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Form related: My girlfriend is very hungry with me
Meaning related: I like to see the TV
Mistakes
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PronunciationSpellingGrammarLengthMeaningRange
Things that make learnig difficult
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The optimum number of words studied at
one time
Difficult words: small list sizes
Easy words :large list sizes
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Repeating aloud helps retention better than Repeating silently and even repeting aloud with written recall. Seibert(1927)
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Incidental Learning
Intentional Learning
Sources of words
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Monoligual dictionaries are encouraged more than bilingual dictionaries (Hartman 1991)
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Translation : very economical
Illustrating: concrete words
Explaining meaning: through examples, synonyms, full definition
How to present vocabulary
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Vocabulary exercises
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Vocabulary exercises
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Affixation errors: I felt unsatisfy.Compounding errors: I took a two floor bus and crossed the city in the highest floor.Error of multi -word units: we have also a buses network.Collocation errors: I don’t like when they do mistakesPhrasal verbs error: Don’t get up youIdiom error: I don’t like to blow my own horn
Error Categories
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A Syllabus should be organized around meanings.
The most frequent words.
Word typically co-occurs with other words.
The Lexical Approach
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The sentences I don’t understand and I don’t know are learned before students have been taught the grammar rules of the simple present
Teaching lexical chunks
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Testing VocabularyMultiple choice test
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Conceptualized multiple choice test
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Gap fill test
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Production Vocabulary test
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Vocabulary Notebooks
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Language Learning Theories
PersonTask
ContextStrategy
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Method and Approaches in
vocabulary learning
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Grammar Translation Method
It received criticism because it neglected the learning of realistic and oral language
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The Direct Method
Use of every day vocabulary
Grammar is taught inductively
Teaching points were introduced orally.
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The Natural Approach
acquisition will not take place without comprehension of vocabulary (Krashen)
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The Audio-Lingual Method
Items are selected according to its simplicity and familiarity and new words are introduced through drills
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False Assumptions
All words have an equivalent in other languages.
A word is a single meaning unit.
All words have a real and basic meaning and others are figurative.
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Traditional vocabulary lists rarely provide context, students are thus unprepared to use the words they have learned in isolated units in any approximation to authentic communication (Wilga Rivers)