Teaching the Dream: The Enduring Idea, Art, and the National Civil Rights Museum

Jody Stokes-Casey Education Coordinator, National Civil Rights Museum Presentation given at the Tennessee Art Education Association State Conference Memphis, TN October 24, 2014

Enduring Ideas comprise concepts that have drawn the attention of humans through the ages. Marilyn Stewart, Rethinking Curriculum in Art (Worcester, Mass: Davis Publications, Inc., 2005), 17.

COURAGE VOICE JUSTICE

COURAGE Enduring Idea: Courageous acts can become a part of a larger movement for change. Essential Questions: •  Was courage a necessary component of the Civil Rights

Movement? •  What happened in the Civil Rights Movement that made

people courageous enough to push back and challenge systems and beliefs?

•  How can learning about the courageous actions of individuals during the Civil Rights Movement influence our own approaches to fears, challenges, or other limitations?

Defini&ons            Types              

Characteris&cs                        

Examples                      

Non-­‐Examples                      

FRAYER  MODEL  GRAPHIC  ORGANIZER  

COURAGE  

Physical  Moral  Emo&onal/Psychological  

•  Feeling  FEAR  yet  choosing  to  act  •  Passion,  Conscious,  Following  your  

heart  •  Persevering  in  the  face  of  adversity  •  Facing  suffering  with  dignity  or  faith  •  Exhibit  integrity  and  character  

•  Standing  up  for  what  is  right  

•  Indifference/not  caring  •  Bystander  •  DoubIul,  wavering,  indecisive  

Ac&ons  and  lives  of  “Big  Names”  Rosa  Parks,  Mar&n  Luther  King,  Jr.  Thurgood  Marshall,  Harriet  Tubman,  etc    Small  ac&ons  can  be  courageous  too.  Helping  someone  in  need  even  if  it  may  be  a  risk.  Doing  something  by  yourself  for  the  first  &me.  Asking  someone  on  a  date  

The  willingness  to  act  with  or  without  fear  in  response  to  a  threat  to  achieve  an  important  moral  goal  (Woodard  and  Pury)    

DEFINING COURAGE

WILLFULNESS

RISK

MORALITY

Courage is no accident. It is a choice.

Courageous acts involve risks of many varieties. Physical, Emotional, Professional, Personal, etc.

Oftentimes, the acts considered to be most courageous have a worthy, noble or moral goal.

'There lived … a people who had the moral courage to stand up for their rights. And thereby they injected a new meaning into the veins of history and civilization.’ Martin Luther King, Jr. 5 December 1955 , Address to the first Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) Mass Meeting

Culture of Resistance Slavery in America 1619-1861

Art, Art History, History, Literacy Courage Quilt making Adaptable to all grades

Harriet Powers, Bible Quilt, 1885-1886, cotton, 75”x89” Smithsonian National Museum of American History

Jaqueline Woodson, Show Way, 2005

Harriet Powers (1837-1911), Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Memory Jugs Art, Art History, History Faith Ceramics, Collage/Scrapbooking Adaptable to all grades

Kente Cloth Art, Art History, History Voice, Faith Fiber Arts Adaptable to all grades

Nkisi Nkondi Art, Art History, History Faith, Justice Sculpture Adaptable to all grades

Photographic Portraits Art, Art History, History, Visual Literacy, Literacy Voice, Courage, and Justice Photography, Drawing, Criticism Upper levels Contemporary: Have students evaluate their Facebook profile pictures to determine their own visual legacy.

Ca. 1840s Ca. 1879

Frederick Douglass

Ca. 1856 Ca. 1860s

I, Too, Am American Combating Jim Crow 1896-1954

Painting, Mural Painting Art, Art History, Music, History Voice Painting, Drawing, Value or Color Studies All Grades TN Connection – Nashville, Former teacher at Fisk University, holds extensive collection of his paintings Compare painting to Duke Ellington’s Brown, Black, and Beige

Aaron Douglas, Aspects of Negro Life: From Slavery to Reconstruction, 1934. Mural

A few Harlem Renaissance Artists

Agusta Savage Sculptor

James Van Der Zee Photographer

Jacob Lawrence Painter

Separate is Not Equal Brown v. Board of Education 1954

Malala Yousafzai Photo: Veronique de Viguerie/Getty Images

Dr. Kenneth Clark conducting the “Doll Test” with a young male child, 1947. Gelatin silver print. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (62)

Mark Rothko, Light Red Over Black, 1957, Oil on canvas

Jackson Pollock, Lavender Mist, 1950 Enamel, oil, acrylic on canvas

Painting Art, Art History, History, Philosophy

Voice Color Studies

Upper Middle – High School Grades

Standing Up by Sitting Down: Student Sit-ins 1960

Andy Warhol, Birmingham Race Riot, 1964, Screenprint on paper, 16”x 24”

Printmaking Art, Art History, History, Visual Culture Voice, Courage Upper Grades

Gordon Parks, Eldridge Cleaver and His Wife, Kathleen, Algiers, Algeria. 1970, Gelatin silver print, 13x18”

Ernest C. Withers, Young Woman Receives her voter registration card, Fayette County, TN 1960. Gelatin silver print, 15x15”

Photography Art, Art History, History, Visual Culture, Philosophy Voice, Courage Middle and Upper Grades

Ain’t Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me ‘Round: Albany Movement 1961-1963

Empty Full No Courage Ultimate Courage

Neutral

Courage Meter Activity

Scenario: A group of teenage and younger girls are arrested in Albany, Georgia for participating in a non-violent protest march. They are jailed in the Leesburg Stockade and held for 45 days with no bedding, extremely unsanitary conditions, and undercooked food. Danny Lyons (member of SNCC) risked his own well-being by sneaking into the stockade and photographing the conditions of the girls. His photographs were entered into the congressional records and used to release the Stolen Girls.

Empty Full No Courage Ultimate Courage

Neutral

Danny Lyon, The Leesburg Stockade, 1963, Photograph

Photography Art, Art History, History Voice, Courage All Grades

Photo Jeff Simon The Washington Post, April 30, 2014

Say It Loud: Black Pride, 1966-1975

Fiber Arts, Painting Art, Art History, History, narrative/story telling Voice All Grades

Faith Ringgold, Tar Beach, 1988, Acrylic on Canvas, Tie-dyed, pieced fabric border 74x69: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York

José Clemente Orozco . Frescos at The Cabañas Cultural Institute Credit: Adriana Zehbrauskas for The New York Times

Painting, Mural Painting Art, Art History, History Voice, Justice, Courage Painting, Drawing All Grades

Emory Douglas (Left) Originally published in The Black Panther April 18, 1970 (c) 2008 Emory Douglas/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York (Below) February 2008, Black Panther: Emory Douglas @ MOCA Pacific Design Center

Graphic Design, Printmaking, Painting Art, Art History, History, Visual Culture

Voice All Grades

Graphic Design, Printmaking, Painting Art, Art History, History, Visual Culture Voice All Grades

Barbara Jones-Hogu, Unite, 1971, Silkscreen with ink on wove paper, 22 ¼ x 30.” National Civil Rights Museum.

AfriCOBRA

Barbara Jones-Hogu, Relate To Your Heritage, 1971, Silkscreen with ink on wove paper, 34x43.” National Civil Rights Museum.

ACTIVITY/ASSIGNMENT SUGGESTION (Learning Links for Say It Loud: Black Pride exhibit) Create your own artwork based on the print “Relate to Your Heritage” by AfriCOBRA artist Barbara Jones-Hogu. AfriCOBRA artists sought to celebrate African heritage by using artistic elements found in traditional African art, such as rhythmic patterns and bold colors. In “Relate to Your Heritage” Jones-Hogu uses the rectangular sections to create a rhythmic pattern in the overall composition. She also creates patterns within each rectangular panel by using the letters of the words “relate to your heritage.” Follow the directions below to create artwork in a similar style, using similar technique to Jones-Hogu.

•  Take a piece of white paper and using a ruler, draw 4 straight lines from the top of the page to the bottom of the page, dividing the page into 5 sections. Make sure each section is wide enough for you to draw a picture inside.

•  Cut along the lines to create 5 separate strips of paper. •  Using a pencil, draw a profile (side view) of yourself in one strip. •  Draw a portrait (front view) of yourself in the second strip. •  In the third strip draw a picture (you may pick between profile, portrait, or full body) of either your mother,

father, aunt, uncle, or someone in your family or community you look up to or feel close to. •  In the fourth strip, draw a picture of another relative or older friend or community member (you may pick

between profile, portrait, or full body). •  In the fifth strip, draw a picture of what you think one of your ancestors may look like (you may pick between

profile, portrait, or full body). Think of a great grandmother or grandfather several generations back. You may also choose someone who is a hero to you.

•  Pick from the following sayings or create your own saying that represents your family or community: Relate to Your Heritage Celebrate Your Family Proud of My Community

•  In the background of each strip you drew on, write the saying you choose. Use block or bubble letters. You can write the words up and down or sideways. You can repeat words from the saying and have letters disappear off the edges of the page. Use the words of the saying to create a pattern.

•  Pick 4 bold colored crayons or markers. In addition to the 4 colors, you may also use black and white. Using only these colors, color in each of the 5 strips you drew on. Make sure to color in the background too and each strip can have a different background color.

•  Move the strips around until you find an order that looks good to you. Once you decide on the order of the strips, glue them down to second piece of paper to create one picture like in the artwork by Jones-Hogu.

Elizabeth Catlett, Negro Es Bello II, 1969, Lithograph on paper, 30 x 23 1/3”. National Civil Rights Museum.

Graphic Design, Printmaking, Painting Art, Art History, History, Visual Culture

Voice All Grades

Jet Magazine. November 1966, NCRM 201.003.009

Bayard Rustin and the Courage to Be Authentic

“And so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal."

Martin Luther King, Jr., 1963 March on Washington

Teaching the Dream: The Enduring Idea, Art, and the National Civil Rights Museum

https://www.slideshare.net/JodyStokesCasey/

taea-presentation-40512850

Jody Stokes-Casey Education Coordinator, National Civil Rights Museum Presentation given at the Tennessee Art Education Association State Conference Memphis, TN October 24, 2014

Notes and Links Slide 10: Show Way Purchase: http://www.amazon.com/Show-Way-Jacqueline-Woodson/dp/0399237496 Show Way Lesson Plans: http://www.teachingbooks.net/tb.cgi?tid=6143&a=1 Harriet Powers Bible Quilt: http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_556462 Slide 11: Memory Jugs Lesson Plan: http://changing-exhibit.museum.state.il.us/sites/changing-exhibit.museum.state.il.us/files/memoryjug.pdf Memory Jug gallery: http://www.ohiofolk.com/Memory%20Jug%20Gallery.html Kente Cloth Lesson Plan (Elementary) http://www.kinderart.com/multic/kente.shtml AND http://www.dickblick.com/lesson-plans/kente-cloth/ PBS Lesson Plan for Kente Cloth: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/africa/tools/music/activities3.html Information about Nkisi Nkondi: http://www.artsconnected.org/resource/93730/nail-figure-nkisi-nkondi Slide 12: History on Douglass, photography, and visual culture: http://www.huarchivesnet.howard.edu/0002huarnet/freddoug.htm Visual Literacy: http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/visualliteracy Frederick Douglass as abolitionist : http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1539.html Also see Courage Guide and http://www.cmbernier.org/ Slide 14: Aspects of Negro Life essay: http://www.jmu.edu/evision/archive/volume4/Burlovich.pdf Duke Ellington “Black, Brown, and Beige” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GM2N8_H4me0 Slide 18: Dark Designs and Visual Culture by Michele Wallace available on Google Books Slide 30: Watch Faith Ringgold Discuss her artwork: http://www.makers.com/faith-ringgold Slide 31: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/17/arts/design/the-legacy-of-the-painter-jose-clemente-orozco-is-revived.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 Slide 34: Interview with Barbara Jones-Hogu http://never-the-same.org/interviews/barbara-jones-hogu/