TCP/IP chuang18@tp.edu.tw2007-07-24

TCP/IP1969DARPApacket-switchingpacket-switching networkARPANET1975ARPANETTCP/IP1983DARPAARPANETTCP/IP198310Berkeley UNIX4.BSDTCP/IPKernelTCP/IPsocket system calls

/

Data Link LayerMAC/Medium Access Controller48-bit(6 Bytes)cmdipconfig /allphysical addressMACARP/RARPIP Datagramframe

Ethernetframe

ARP ARPAddress Resolution ProtocolRFC82632-bit IP48-bit ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ffARPARPARP32-bit IP48-bitARP Cachearp aARP Cache

TCP/IP 1. 2. ARP IP MAC 3. MAC4. ARP ARP Request MAC MAC 5. IP 6. MAC IP ARP 7. ARP Reply 8. ARP Reply ARP 9. 10.

ARP --ARP Braodcast and Reply

RARP RARPReverse Address Resolution ProtocolIP

Network Layer packet

IP A. Forward(Routing)B. (ICMP)C.(Addressing)32-bit IPIP8BytesIPD.(Fragmentation and Reassembly)

Time To Live(TTL) 8bitsDatagramRouterRouterIPTTLRouter10DiscardTTLRouting SystemInfinite LoopTTLIPRFC170064

IP IPUnreliableIPIPIP DataICMPTCPCRCIPConnection-less

IP3 UnicastInternetIPWANBroadcast(LAN) Multicast Unicast Broadcast

IP/3 32bits(binary form;machine code)10001100.10000000.01100011.00000101 1*27+0*26+0*25+0*24+1*23+1*22+0*21+0*20. 140.128.99.5 10IP10Domain Nameetweb.tp.edu.tw (163.21.249.52)IP(Domain Name System)

DIPHost ID(Multicast)IPIPHost ID0110.xxx.xxx.xxxA10.0.0.0IP10.255.255.255broadcast addressLoopback InterfaceIPLoopbackIPIP DatagramIPLoopback DriverIPTCP/UDP/ICMPTCP/IPLoopbackIP127.0.0.1localhosthost name

IP DatagramRouting MechanismRouterRouting DeviceIPRouting TableIP DatagramRoutingIPRouting TableIPIP DatagramRouting TableIP Datagramnetstat r route print[Default Gateway]

IP Routing

IPMAC MACMACMAC MAC

Hop-By-HopIP RoutingRouterRouting TableRouterRouterRouterthe IP address of the next-hop router to the destination.

ICMPRFC792 feedback about problemsIPError ReportingConnectivity TestIP DatagramInternetIPTTL00IP DatagramdiscardIP DatagramRouterpingIPUNIXNetBios ServicesICMPIPICMP MessageIPIP Datagram

ICMP Redirect sun2Routing Tablegateway140.128.101.1newG140.128.135.0/24sun2fox(1)IP140.128.135.2sun1newG(2)sun1newGnewGfoxsun2sun1newGfoxsun1(3)sun1newGsun1sun2ICMP Redirect Messgaesun2Routing Tablesun2140.128.135.0 255255255.0 140.128.101.246(4)sun2140.128.135.xxxnewG

Ping PingICMP echo request messageecho requestIPICMPecho reply

()Link(LNK)Action(ACT)COMPing

Setupwindows net diagTCP/IPping 127.0.0.1loopbackTCP/IP ping IP ping GATEWAYping Domain NameDNS

Ping

Ping 127.0.0.1(loopback test)IP140.128.101.2

Tracert/Traceroute WindowsTracertUNIXTraceroute(Routing points)routerPCtraceroute(ping)

IPIP DatagramrouterrouterIP DatagramIPIProuterIPIP DataProtocolIPTTL0Router0IP DatagramrouterICMP Time Exceeded Messgae

1ICMPTTL1Router1-10Router1ICMP Time Exceeded MessgaeRouter1IP2ICMPTTL2Router1-1Router2-10Router2ICMP Time Exceeded MessgaeRouter2IPTTLRoutersIP

Transport Layer TCPRFC793UDPRFC768Transmission Control ProtocolTCPTelnetFTPTCPUser Datagram ProtocolUDPDNSRIPUDP

v.s.reliableun-reliablev.s.handshakehandshakeconnection

TCP A.(Reliable Delivery Service)Acknowledgement B.data(Connection-Oriented Service):datavirtual circuitdataConnection-Oriented ServiceTCP Connection Establishment

(Three-way Handshake)

TCPSource PortDestination Portsending applicationreceiving application16bits21665536port numberWell-known Port Numbersport number1-102310TelnetFTPWWWServer

unixport numbers/etc/services

UDP User32-bit IPIPIPwww.mtue.edu.twIP32-bit IPIPClientDNS resolverDNS-UDP-IP-EthernetDNS Server(query)DNS Server(response)AP-Data32-bit IPIP

UDP UDP UDP queryresponsequeryUDPTCPUDPOption8Bytes

Application Layer

Subnetting Mechanism 32-bit IPHost IDbitssubnet

1Class BIP160.9.0.0/161216IP23(8)1224(16)4bits164098212IP

A140.128.101.2/24IP DatagramIP140.128.135.2/24B

(Switch HUB)(Layer 2 Switch)MAC(Layer 3 Switch)(Network Layer)IP HeaderOSI

switch hub10/100MBLayer2port learning8 Ports Switch HUB Lookup Table1024MAC Address(Address Learning)(Source Address)Hash Lookup tableLookup table(Address Lookup)(Destination Address) Hash Lookup table Lookup Table switchUTPFiber Layer2MACLayer 3()VLANport trunkip tunnelMulticastSwitchrouting switchUTPFDDILayer 3VLANport trunkIP tunnelMulticastIPLayer 4(Layer 7) QoSCLI routerLayer3VLANport trunkIP tunnelMulticastIP Layer4QoSCLI xDSLcableATMPPPUTPFDDI.......

port learningMACMACMAC bufferMACMAC bufferARP proxyARPVLANIPport trunkportIP tunnelIPIPVPNMulticastIGMPQoSIEEE 802.1qQoS(Quality of Service)VoIP(Voice over IP)Video Conference(Virtual Reality)Switch Hub ChipPriority Queue, L3Layer3IPRIPOSPF

802.1qVLANSwitchVLAN802.1qVLANVirtual LANSwitchMISSwitchSwitchVLANSwitchVLANSwitchVLANVLAN802.1qSwitchVLANVLANSwitchSwitchVLANRouterSwitchVLANVLANSwitch

Switch FabricSwitch2410100MHzSwitch200MHzSwitchNon-Blocking Full Wire-Speed4.8GHz4.8GHz8Hub100MHz800MHz8100MHz

THE END