tci 2014 the evolution of cluster policies in europe from regions to cluster organisations: the...
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The evolution of cluster policies in Europe from regions to cluster organisations: the cluster trap Elisabet Juan Tresserra Academic 3: The Evolution of Cluster: from the Competitive Advantage of Nations to the Cluster Initiatives Greenbook 2.0
12 November 2014
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Your partner in economic development
The evolution of cluster policies in Europe from regions to cluster organisations: the cluster trap
TCI 2014 Monterrey
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Main presentation ideas
01 The best cluster is not the strongest but the one with a higher capacity of
adaptation 02
Change requires new references
and a vision
03 Organisations are often necessary to lead this change
04 But regions should
recover a more active role
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What makes a cluster successful?
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Clusters are complex adaptative ecosystems
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Clusters are complex adaptative ecosystems
The success of a cluster does not depend on its agglomeration but in its knowledge, capacity of change and adaptation to new realities ” Based on Saxenian, Comission of European Communities, Sölvell, Giuliani
“
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Clusters are complex adaptative ecosystems
The success of a cluster does not depend on its agglomeration but in its knowledge, capacity of change and adaptation to new realities ” Based on Saxenian, Comission of European Communities, Sölvell, Giuliani
“
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Different stages, different adaptation capacities G
ROW
TH (E
.G. S
ALE
S, V
OLU
MES
)
TIME BIRTH GROWTH MATURITY DECLINE
Sölvell, Menzel and Fohrnal
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Different stages, different adaptation capacities G
ROW
TH (E
.G. S
ALE
S, V
OLU
MES
)
TIME BIRTH GROWTH MATURITY DECLINE
Maximum cluster
sinergies
Sölvell, Menzel and Fohrnal
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GRO
WTH
(E.G
. SA
LES,
VO
LUM
ES)
TIME BIRTH GROWTH MATURITY DECLINE
Poorer cluster
performance
Different stages, different adaptation capacities
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GRO
WTH
(E.G
. SA
LES,
VO
LUM
ES)
TIME BIRTH GROWTH MATURITY DECLINE
INDUSTRY
NON CLUSTER COMPANIES
Different stages, different adaptation capacities
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GRO
WTH
(E.G
. SA
LES,
VO
LUM
ES)
TIME BIRTH GROWTH MATURITY DECLINE
INDUSTRY
NON CLUSTER COMPANIES
Different stages, different adaptation capacities
The same reasons that make a cluster productive will turn against it under new conditions
“ ” Based on Saxenian, Sölvell
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How do complex systems change?
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Change steps (Kotter)
2 3 New
references
Sustain
change
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Change steps (Kotter)
2 3 New
references
Sustain
change
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Change steps (Kotter)
2 3 New
references
Sustain
change
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Change steps (Kotter)
2 3 New
references
Sustain
change
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Change in a complex organisation does not happen casually and needs a vision , new leaders and a governance
“
” Cause change Vision New references and
eliminate obstacles New framework
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Are cluster organisations the
solution?
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Figures on cluster organisations
66%
90% of the cluster organisations are managed by an existing institution
PUBLIC FUNDING
66% of the funding is public. Membership accounts for 25% and services for 9%.
90%
Source: ESCA evaluations, Kettels (2012) based on study on 254 european cluster organisations
PREVIOUSLY EXISTING
1.000 CLUSTER
ORGANISATIONS (2012)
60% PRIVATE BOARD
60% of the board members are private, 15% public institutions, 17% academia
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Clusters are already “organisation rich”, should we create…
Another organisation?
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Clusters are already organisation rich, should we create…
Another organisation? A framework for change?
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Clusters are already organisation rich, should we create…
Another organisation? A framework for change? • Reinforced actions!• Modified actions!• New actions!• Actions in collaboration!
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Framework
What elements do we need to create it?
Plan
Company strategy!
Control
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What is the role of the regional government?
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Why regions started cluster policies and why is it important?
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Why regions started cluster policies and why is it important?
20-50%
38%
Europe
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Why regions started cluster policies and why is it important?
20-50%
38%
Europe
It is not only about clusters, it is about prosperity in a territory
“
” Based on Porter, Fontrodona, European Commission
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Why regions started cluster policies and why is it important?
Competitiveness policies
Cluster initiatives
• Regional • Innovation • Internationalisation • Clusters • …
• Better education • Market development • Technology development • Competitive environment • …
Clusters provide with objective knowledge to design better policies
“
” Based on Sölvell
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What are the take outs?
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Food for thought
Frameworks make sense with a purpose and it is how they should be evaluated
Framework Plan
Company strategy!
Control
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Food for thought
Cluster based policies are about prosperity and regions are an optimal unit
Frameworks make sense with a purpose and it is how they should be evaluated
Framework Plan
Company strategy!
Control
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Food for thought
Cluster based policies are about prosperity and regions are an optimal unit
Frameworks make sense with a purpose and it is how they should be evaluated
Framework Plan
Company strategy!
Control
CLUSTERS REGIONS
Strike a balance in which regions regain control over cluster policies