Chapter 12 The Pacific RealmMultiple Choice Introduction1. Which of the following is false? *A. The Russians colonized many Pacific Islands during World War II. B. Tuvalu needs significant help from other countries. C. The British were a significant colonial power in the Pacific. D. The French control large parts of Polynesia. E. The United States has several Pacific Islands under its administration.

The Pacific Realm and its Marine Geography2. The UNCLOS allows states to claim a so-called _____________ that extends out up to 200 nautical miles from the coast. In this zone, coastal states can control other countries fleets, exploration, and other activities. A. Special Economic Zone *B. Exclusive Economic Zone C. Maritime Claim D. Heritage Claim E. Territorial Water A territorial sea is: *A. an area of the ocean where all of the rights of a coastal state prevail B. a body of water completely surrounded by a state C. a small body of water that connects to larger bodies of water D. only found in the Southern Ocean E. an area where a state has no rights to exploit minerals When a water body is less than 24 miles wide, the boundary is drawn along the: *A. Average line B. median line C. right bank D. left bank E. EEZ

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Melanesia5. The island group inhabited by people with dark skin is: *A. Melanesia B. Micronesia D. Fiji E. Indonesia C. Polynesia

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The largest country in Melanesia by area is: A. Solomon Islands B. Fiji *C. Papua New Guinea D. Hawaii E. Easter Island The island of New Guinea is included in the region known as: *A. Melanesia B. Micronesia C. Polynesia D. Fiji E. Indonesia

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8.

Which of the following is located in Melanesia? A. Marshall Islands B. Easter Island D. Tonga E. Hawaii

*C. Vanuatu

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The largest cluster of population in Melanesia is found on: *A. Papua New Guinea B. Fiji C. Vanuatu D. Samoa E. New Zealand The people of New Guinea are: A. mostly Chinese B. Hindus D. of Portuguese descent *E. Papuans PNG has faced an insurgency movement in: A. Micronesia B. Polynesia D. Timor *E. Bougainville PNG largest export by value is: A. computers *B. crude oil D. cotton E. wheat

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C. Indonesian in their ancestry

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C. Melanesia

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C. aluminum

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PNG is starting to mine under sea deposits of minerals in their EEZ known as: A. high seas *B. chimneys C. gyres D. UNCLOS E. Vanuatu Prior to independence, New Guinea was administered by: *A. Australia B. New Zealand C. U.S. D. Indonesia E. Papua Bougainville was made part of PNG because: A. it is geographically closest to PNG *B. of the much-needed revenues the copper mines would bring to PNG C. the people did not want independence, fearing takeover by the Solomon Islands D. Australia felt that such an arrangement would allow them to continue to dominate the area E. none of the above Which of the following is false about New Caledonia? A. It has significant nickel resources. *B. It was under British rule. C. It is inhabited by only about 200,000 persons. D. It consists of about 80 islands. E. About 37 percent of the population is of French origin.

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17.

Which of the following is false about Fiji? A. Over 800,000 persons live on about 100 islands. *B. Large numbers of Australians have retired on the islands. C. South Asians arrived during the British era to work on the sugar plantations. D. Most Melanesians are Christian, whereas the South Asians are Hindu. E. The South Asians have dominated the commercial life of the country.

Micronesia18. Which of the following is located in Micronesia? A. Hawaiian Islands *B. Marshall Islands D. Solomon Islands E. Papua New Guinea C. New Caledonia

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The better watered volcanic islands where the economy is based upon agriculture are known as: *A. high islands B. low islands C. Melanesia islands D. Micronesia islands E. Polynesia islands The dominant economic activity associated with high island cultures is: A. tourism B. fishing *C. agriculture D. gathering E. industry Which of the following is true about Micronesia? A. Most persons are black. *B. It includes the island of Nauru. C. Only in Micronesia do we find high islands. D. Only in Micronesia do we find low islands. E. About 37 percent of the population is of French origin

20.

21.

Polynesia22. The Pacific region called ___________ takes its name from the word for many, and is contained within a huge triangle whose corners are New Zealand, Easter Island, and the Hawaiian Islands. *A. Polynesia B. Amnesia C. Micronesia D. Melanesia E. Oceania The region of the Pacific Realm that covers the most geographic area is called: A. Melanesia B. Micronesia *C. Polynesia D. Oceania E. Indonesia The Hawaiian Islands are included in: A. Melanesia B. Micronesia *C. Polynesia D. Fiji E. Indonesia Which term best describes the political-spatial morphology of the Hawaiian archipelago? A. corrupt B. compact C. elongated

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*D. fragmented

E. irredentist

Pacific and Antarctic26. Which of the following statements about Antarctica is false? A. The ice sheet is nearly 2 miles thick. B. Antarctica never had significant flora or fauna. C. Pie-shaped sectors have been assigned to different countries for research purposes. *D. The entire continent is small than the state of Florida. E. Ecologically, Antarctica plays a critical role in the world environmental system.

Chapter 12 The Pacific RealmTrue-False Introduction1. Before the European invasion, Australia and New Zealand would have been included in the Pacific World. (T) British, French, United States, Chilean, and New Zealand flags are among those still controlling distant Pacific islands. (T)

2.

The Pacific Realm and its Maritime Geography3. 4. The median line concept is used to divide the seas in Southeast Asia. (T) An international agreement allows exclusive 320-kilometer (200-mile) fishing zones for coastal states. (T) Countries have always claimed at least 12 miles of offshore water. (F) All of our current laws concerning the drawing of boundaries in the sea derive from proclamations of the League of Nations. (F) EEZs are always less extensive than territorial waters. (F)

5. 6.

7.

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8.

New Guinea is a part of Melanesia, a Pacific region that also includes the Solomon Islands, New Hebrides, and New Caledonia. (T) About 57 percent of the population of Papua New Guinea is illiterate. (T) Melas means black. (T) The largest city in Micronesia is Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. (F) Melanesia is the most heavily populated of the three major Pacific regions. (T) The PNG wants to keep Bougainville because of its copper mine. (T) New Caledonia is still under French rule. (T)

9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

Micronesia15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. The Micronesian population is much smaller than the Melanesian population in the Pacific, but it nevertheless constitutes a distinct racial group. (T) Micronesia gets its name from the small physical stature of its people. (F) The islands of Micronesia tend to be small, but they are, on average, higher in elevation than the islands of Melanesia. (F) In the Pacific realm, the so-called high islands mainly have volcanic origins, whereas the low islands are made of coral. (T) High island cultures are associated with fertile soils and farming economies. (T) Low island environments are marked by economies based on fishing. (T)

Polynesia21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. Polynesia is the Pacifics most populous region. (F) None of the island units in Polynesia has yet achieved political sovereignty. (F) Papua New Guinea is located in Polynesia. (F) All of Polynesia receives abundant rainfall. (F) The Hawaiian Islands are part of the Polynesian region. (T) Like Micronesian and Melanesian culture, Polynesian culture is quite diverse on different islands in the region. (F) Polynesian culture is characterized by its variety, diversity, and inconsistency from island to island in

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the Pacific. (F)

Antarctic Realm28. 29. 30. The Antarctic Treaty that presently holds national land claims at abeyance, expired in 1991 and was replaced by the Wellington Agreement. (T) The South Pole is today claimed by the United States, whose explorer Marie Byrd was first to reach this distant outpost in 1895. (F) Pie-shaped best describes the form of national territorial claims recently made in Antarctica. (T)

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