TAV Chapter 20

Benito Mussolini

• School teacher• Fascist Party 1919– Empire building and national pride– Promised full employment and social security

• Black shirts– Militia threatened to march on Rome in 1922– King Victor Emanuel was convinced to make

Mussolini the premier – Took over the country.• Anti-communist

Joseph Stalin

• Following Lenin’s death Stalin took over the USSR in 1926

• High output –Low wages (43%)• Collectives• Opposition• Communist

Adolf Hitler

• Born in Braunau am Inn, Austria on April 20, 1889

• WW I– Wounded twice– Twice awarded the Iron Cross for bravery

• Military spy after WW I

Nazis• German Worker’s Party• Hitler changed the name to The National

Socialist German Worker’s Party (NAZI)• Nov. 1923 the Nazis tried to take power in

Munich (Beer Hall Putsch)• Mein Kampf• 1932 Nazis grew within the Reichstag• 1933 Hitler is appointed chancellor by Paul von

Hindenburg

• August 1934 Hindenburg died and Hitler became Der Fuhrer.

Economic Circle

United States

Great Britain & FranceGermany

War Debt

• Economic circle• Germany’s plight

Neutrality

• Nye Committee-suggested that arms manufactures pushed the US into WW I.

• Led to the Neutrality Act of 1935-No selling of arms to nations at war

• Roosevelt warned that neutrality may eventually drag the US into war.

Attack on Manchuria

• July 1937 Japan attacked China in order to take advantage of their natural resources.

• Neutrality Act of 1937 did not apply so we sent arms to help out China

• Tattoos

Neutrality

WORLD WAR II BEGINSChapter 20 Section 2

Time Line

• 1935, Hitler begins building up the military• March 1936, Rhineland• Feb. 1938, Hitler threatens to invade Austria

unless Austrian Nazis were given important Govt positions.

• The Austrian chancellor gave into demands and wanted a vote on unification.

• Hitler sent troops into Austria in March 1938 declaring the Anschluss of Germany and Austria

Munich Conference

• Hitler staked a claim on the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia b/c of the German speaking people there.

• Sept. 29, 1938, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Germany met to decide about the Sudetenland

Appeasement

• GB and France agreed to give the Sudetenland to Germany or Czech. would have to fight Germany alone.

• GB’s Neville Chamberlain returned home touting, “ a peace with honor … peace in our time.”

• March 1939, Germany sent troops into Czech– Divided into 2 (Slovakia) -Protectorate

Non-Aggression Pact

• August 23, 1939, Germany and the USSR signed an agreement not to attack each other

Poland

• Sept. 1, 1939, German troops rolled into Poland.

• Blitzkrieg• GB and France declare war on Germany• Sept. 27th Warsaw fell to Germany• By October 5th Poland had fallen

Fall of France

• Defensive bunkers – the Maginot Line• May 10, 1940 German troops attack France by

going around the Maginot Line.– Through Belgium and Luxembourg and the Ardennes

Forest • French and English troops were trapped at Dunkirk– 3 day delay made it possible for 338,000 troops to be

rescued• Vichy France puppet govt.

Battle of Britain

THE HOLOCAUSTChapter 20 Section 3

Nuremberg Laws

• Targeted Jews mainly as well as others the Nazis saw as inferior

• Sept. 1935 - Removed citizenship for German-Jews

• Marriage • Public office

Kristallnacht

• Nov. 7, 1938, a German diplomat was killed by a Jew

• Nov. 9th Jews were targets in retaliation • Staged by Joseph Goebbels, the minister of

propaganda• The following day the Gestapo arrested 30,000

Jews

The Final Solution

• Wannsee Conference- Determine the Jewish question

• Concentration Camps• Extermination Camps

• 1937, Buchenwald was the first and largest concentration camp

Destroyers for Bases

• 50 old destroyers

America First

• Isolationists

• 1940 Fight for Freedom Committee pushes for a stronger stand against Germany

Lend Lease Act

• Lend or lease arms to any country vital to the defense of the US.

• 40 billion in supplies to the Allies

Hemispheric Defense Zone

• Western Atlantic was neutral• US ships would radio the location of German

Submarines to the British

Atlantic Charter

• Aug. 1941, FDR and Churchill met near Newfoundland – Post war world of democracy and free trade– Force an incident

• German Sub. sank US destroyer Oct. 31, 1941– Reuben James – Shoot on sight order

Embargo Against Japan

• July 1940, Congress gave FDR the power to restrict the sale of strategic materials

• FDR blocked the sale of Airplane fuel and scrap iron to Japan– Japan responded by joining the Axis of Germany

and Italy • Japan sent troops into Indochina so we set up

an oil embargo until they pull out.

Pearl Harbor

• December 7, 1941, the Japanese launch a surprise attack on the US Naval Base– 2,403 killed– 1,178 injured

SURPRISE ATTACK AGAINST THE UNITED STATES BY THE EMPIRE OF

JAPAN

HARRIS, George Ellsworth MM1c USN Illinois

JAPANESE ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR

• Dec. 7, 1941, Japan conducted a surprise attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii – 2,403 people died in the Sunday morning attack– Killed soldiers, sailors, & civilians– Destroyed 200 planes, 5 battleships, & 3

cruisers• Aircraft carriers were out to sea when the

attack happened

The USS Arizona

December 7, 1941

• “a date that will live in infamy”• The U.S. declares war against Japan• Dec. 11th Germany & Italy declare war on the

U.S.

During The Attack

Torpedo Found In 1999

Oil From The USS Arizona