tara & tanya climate presentation nasa faked the moon landing
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Presentation Overview
Tara
- Overview of paper
- Methodology- Results- Implications
Tanya
- Response to Article
- Criticisms of theArticle- Controversies in the
Climate Debate
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Climate Blogs
- Each blog can attract >700,000 views per
month
- Can be used for supporters or deniers to seek
each other out and affirm each others beliefs
- Enable anybody to share their beliefs and
opinions on global warmingno scientific
background needed
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Definitions
Conspiracist ideation: the attempt to explain a
significant political or social event as a secret
plot by powerful individuals or organizations
Free-market economy: A market economy is an
economy in which decisions regarding
investment, production and distribution are
based on supply and demand, and prices ofgoods and services are determined in a free
price system
Free-market ideology: Seeing scientific findings
with regulatory impacts as threatening
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Question Examples
- Free Market Ideology: The preservation of thefree market system is more important than
localized environmental concerns
- Climate Science: I believe that burning fossilfuels increases atmospheric temperature to
some measurable degree
- Other problems are solved: The problem ofchlorouorocarbons (CFCs) is no longer aserious threat to the ozone layer.
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Question Examples
- Conspiracist Ideation: The assassination ofMartin Luther King Jr. was the result of an
organized conspiracy by U.S. government
agencies such as the CIA and FBI.
- Other Sciences: Smoking causes lung cancer- Scientific Consensus: Out of 100 climate
scientists how many do you think believe thathuman CO2 emissions cause climate change.
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Results
1) People were more likely to accept sciencewhen
they perceived scientific consensus.
2) Conspiracist ideation positively correlated with
rejection of climate science
3) Free-market Ideologywas an even bigger
predictor of climate science rejection than
conspiracist ideation.
4) Perception that other environmental problems
were solved predicted rejection of climate science,
and was linked to free market ideology
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Why is climate science perceived differently
to other sciences?
1)Climate science is highly politicised2)Large amount of debate about global warming in the
media and online
3)The importance of fossil fuels for our currenteconomy and the fact that climate science may
threaten our use of them
4)Potentially suggest the need for implementation of
taxes and increasing gas or electricity bills
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Conspiracist Thinking
Lewandowsky finds that conspiracist thinking is a
personality characteristic, and that believing
one conspiracy increases the likelihood to
believe other conspiracies, such as:
- There is no link between HIV and AIDS
- There is no link between smoking and negative
health effects
- NASA faked the moon landing
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How can this studies findings
benefit us?
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http://youtube.com/v/gwH17QoXWHQ
http://youtube.com/v/gwH17QoXWHQhttp://youtube.com/v/gwH17QoXWHQ -
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- Denial of human contributions to climate change isdisplayed in politics and the media, therefore:
- Conspiracies about climate science are more likely tospread
- Reduces the appearance of a scientific consensus- Makes people less likely to actively prevent global
warming, as seen following vaccination conspiracies
Consequences of Climate Conspiracies
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Consequences of Climate Conspiracies
- Evidence has found that mere exposure toconspiracies can influence peoples beliefs even
if they are trying to disprove these conspiracies.
- Researchers succussfully induced people tobelieve a fictituous conspiracy that a particularsoft drink raises dopamine levels (Swami et al.
2011)
- Vested interest groups and political figures maytherefore induce people to believe climate
science conspiracies
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IPCC Confidence Terminology
Taken from the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report
Confidence Terminology Degree of confidence inbeing correct
Very high confidence At least __ out of 10 chance
High confidence About __ out of 10 chance
Medium confidence About __ out of 10 chance
Low confidence About __ out of 10 chance
Very low confidence Less than __ out of 10 chance
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Likelihood
Terminology
Likelihood of the
occurrence/outcome
Virtually certain > __% probability
Extremely likely > __% probability
Very likely > __% probability
Likely > __% probability
More likely than not > __% probability
About as likely as not __% to __% probability
Unlikely < __% probability
Very unlikely < __% probability
Extremely unlikely < __% probability
Exceptionally unlikely < __% probability
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Taken from the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report
Confidence Terminology Degree of confidence inbeing correct
Very high confidence At least 9 out of 10 chance
High confidence About 8 out of 10 chance
Medium confidence About 5 out of 10 chance
Low confidence About 2 out of 10 chance
Very low confidence Less than 1 out of 10 chance
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Likelihood
Terminology
Likelihood of the
occurrence/outcome
Virtually certain > 99% probability
Extremely likely > 95% probability
Very likely > 90% probability
Likely > 66% probability
More likely than not > 50% probability
About as likely as not 33 to 66% probability
Unlikely < 33% probability
Very unlikely < 10% probability
Extremely unlikely < 5% probability
Exceptionally unlikely < 1% probability
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'Main players' in the Global Warming
debate
Sceptics: may prompt the revision of a scientific
claim on the basis of evidenceand reasoned
theorizing.
Rejectors of climate science: dismiss wellestablished scientific results for reasons not
scientifically grounded.
Alarmists: Express concern regarding globalwarming beyondwhat is suggested by
scientific evidence.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4GUMMx4sK8
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4GUMMx4sK8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4GUMMx4sK8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4GUMMx4sK8 -
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Opinions on the article?
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Problems with the article?
* sampling
* extreme views (alarmist or deniers)
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Responses to the article....
"ignorant fools who spitefully attempt to smear realists
with Holocaust denial tendencies with his under-
handed use of the term 'denier'. This article should be
removed, it is a disgrace"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/
"Its a bit like comprehensively losing a football match 7-
nil, but to only include in your retelling of the game
one successful tackle. And thats being generous to
Lewandowsky"
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/ -
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Responses to the article, contd..
"We might reasonably be allowed to speculatewhat the reasons for the paper not making it to
print were. One reason may be that it was, as
has been widely observed, utter BS"http://www.climate-resistance.org/2013/02/blognitive-dissonance.html
"He commits the freshman mistake of only
seeking evidence for his beliefs, and for none
that would contradict him (and of which there isplenty)"
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views on climate change, bloggers'
responses
Unfortunately, the evidence Apollo landed on the Moon issimpler to mentally process than the evidence that
climate change is 1) real, 2) a problem, and 3) human-
caused.http://www.telegraph.co.uk"..segments of the public remain
unconvinced by the scientific evidence"Obviously then
the scientific evidence is unconvincing.
http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/09/27/lewandowsky-backs-down-removes-denier-citation-from-paper/
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/09/27/lewandowsky-backs-down-removes-denier-citation-from-paper/http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/09/27/lewandowsky-backs-down-removes-denier-citation-from-paper/http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/09/27/lewandowsky-backs-down-removes-denier-citation-from-paper/http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/09/27/lewandowsky-backs-down-removes-denier-citation-from-paper/http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/09/27/lewandowsky-backs-down-removes-denier-citation-from-paper/http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/09/27/lewandowsky-backs-down-removes-denier-citation-from-paper/http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/09/27/lewandowsky-backs-down-removes-denier-citation-from-paper/http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/09/27/lewandowsky-backs-down-removes-denier-citation-from-paper/http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/09/27/lewandowsky-backs-down-removes-denier-citation-from-paper/http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/09/27/lewandowsky-backs-down-removes-denier-citation-from-paper/http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/09/27/lewandowsky-backs-down-removes-denier-citation-from-paper/http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/09/27/lewandowsky-backs-down-removes-denier-citation-from-paper/http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/09/27/lewandowsky-backs-down-removes-denier-citation-from-paper/http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/09/27/lewandowsky-backs-down-removes-denier-citation-from-paper/http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/09/27/lewandowsky-backs-down-removes-denier-citation-from-paper/http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/09/27/lewandowsky-backs-down-removes-denier-citation-from-paper/http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/09/27/lewandowsky-backs-down-removes-denier-citation-from-paper/http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/09/27/lewandowsky-backs-down-removes-denier-citation-from-paper/http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/09/27/lewandowsky-backs-down-removes-denier-citation-from-paper/http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/09/27/lewandowsky-backs-down-removes-denier-citation-from-paper/http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/09/27/lewandowsky-backs-down-removes-denier-citation-from-paper/http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/09/27/lewandowsky-backs-down-removes-denier-citation-from-paper/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/ -
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bloggers responses cont'd
Some just accept whatever is spoon fed to them
and some question. That the author uses the
term "conspiracy theories" suggests to me that
he was never objective and this wholeendeavor is just a hit piece and not real
research
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cont'd..
"Not to mention the climate scientists who would
lose ALL of their funding if they didn't have
AGW to panic people, or that the biggest AGW
groups are heavily funded by... oil companies.Oops"
wtf?? this can't possibly be right!?!
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ience-denial-to-conspiracy-theories-Climate-science-deniers-point-to-a-conspiracy-in-this-research?startid=79199123&from_page=geekhttp://m.fark.com/comments/7310875/Research-links-climate-science-denial-to-conspiracy-theories-Climate-science-deniers-point-to-a-conspiracy-in-this-research?startid=79199123&from_page=geekhttp://m.fark.com/comments/7310875/Research-links-climate-science-denial-to-conspiracy-theories-Climate-science-deniers-point-to-a-conspiracy-in-this-research?startid=79199123&from_page=geekhttp://m.fark.com/comments/7310875/Research-links-climate-science-denial-to-conspiracy-theories-Climate-science-deniers-point-to-a-conspiracy-in-this-research?startid=79199123&from_page=geekhttp://m.fark.com/comments/7310875/Research-links-climate-science-denial-to-conspiracy-theories-Climate-science-deniers-point-to-a-conspiracy-in-this-research?startid=79199123&from_page=geekhttp://m.fark.com/comments/7310875/Research-links-climate-science-denial-to-conspiracy-theories-Climate-science-deniers-point-to-a-conspiracy-in-this-research?startid=79199123&from_page=geekhttp://m.fark.com/comments/7310875/Research-links-climate-science-denial-to-conspiracy-theories-Climate-science-deniers-point-to-a-conspiracy-in-this-research?startid=79199123&from_page=geekhttp://m.fark.com/comments/7310875/Research-links-climate-science-denial-to-conspiracy-theories-Climate-science-deniers-point-to-a-conspiracy-in-this-research?startid=79199123&from_page=geekhttp://m.fark.com/comments/7310875/Research-links-climate-science-denial-to-conspiracy-theories-Climate-science-deniers-point-to-a-conspiracy-in-this-research?startid=79199123&from_page=geekhttp://m.fark.com/comments/7310875/Research-links-climate-science-denial-to-conspiracy-theories-Climate-science-deniers-point-to-a-conspiracy-in-this-research?startid=79199123&from_page=geekhttp://m.fark.com/comments/7310875/Research-links-climate-science-denial-to-conspiracy-theories-Climate-science-deniers-point-to-a-conspiracy-in-this-research?startid=79199123&from_page=geekhttp://m.fark.com/comments/7310875/Research-links-climate-science-denial-to-conspiracy-theories-Climate-science-deniers-point-to-a-conspiracy-in-this-research?startid=79199123&from_page=geekhttp://m.fark.com/comments/7310875/Research-links-climate-science-denial-to-conspiracy-theories-Climate-science-deniers-point-to-a-conspiracy-in-this-research?startid=79199123&from_page=geekhttp://m.fark.com/comments/7310875/Research-links-climate-science-denial-to-conspiracy-theories-Climate-science-deniers-point-to-a-conspiracy-in-this-research?startid=79199123&from_page=geek 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Controversy surrounding the paper
1. the skeptic blogs were never contacted
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* 8 pro-science blogs posted the Q'aire, N=1147
Lewandowskys researchers emailed five popular
skeptic blogs, but none of those approached
posted the link to the questionnaire.
Did Lewandowsky actually fabricat the claim he
had emailed five sceptic blogs?Anthony Watts
(blog editor, meteorologist),Jo Nova(sciencewriter, blogger, author)and others smelt a
conspiracy.
http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/09/01/paging-dr-stephan-lewandowsky-show-your-invitation-list/http://joannenova.com.au/2012/08/lewandowsky-shows-skeptics-are-nutters-by-asking-alarmists-to-fill-out-survey/http://joannenova.com.au/2012/08/lewandowsky-shows-skeptics-are-nutters-by-asking-alarmists-to-fill-out-survey/http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/09/01/paging-dr-stephan-lewandowsky-show-your-invitation-list/ -
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L's response...
So now theres a conspiracy theory going around that I
didnt contact them. Its a perfect, perfect illustration of
conspiratorial thinking. Its illustrative of exactly the
process I was analysing. People jump to conclusions on
the basis of no evidence. I would love to be able torelease those emails if given permission, because it
means four more people will have egg on their faces.
Im anxiously waiting the permission to release this
crucial information because it helps to identify peoplewho engage in conspiratorial thinking rather than just
searching their inboxes.
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Controversy surrounding the paper
2. The Condon-Lewandowsky debate
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Condon-Lewandowsky debate
"...climate deniers believe that temperature
records have been illegitimately adjusted to
exaggerate warming" (e.g., Condon, 2009) (p5)
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Condon's response
"The accusations by Dr. Lewandowsky were allowed by theeditorial review of the Journal of Psychology yet claimsthat Im a climate change denier and that I believetemperatures were illegitimately adjusted are clearly
false".
I wrote first to Lewandowsky regarding the error and
received an automated reply:Note that although I endeavour to keep all email
correspondence private and confidential, this does notapply to messages that are of an abusive nature.
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Condon:
"this is astonishing, even comical, as it showsa
tendency to receive large numbers of
abusive messages....It challenges the
imagination to understand why you shouldhave participated in writing the paper...it will
surely generate more of the abusive messages
which you don't enjoy...I'm confident that, if
you stop abusing others, they will stopabusing you"
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Condon
They make a promise.....
the complete data are available on request.
"An idea is coming to me... No, I'm being coy. I've
asked Stephan for the data".
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you decide.......
Global Temperature Records Above
the LawPosted by Jeff Condonon November 29, 2009
As a young man doing research, the first thing we learned was to record our raw data in detail. Resultsmust be reproducible from scratch or you are not doing science. Requests by people to see thisdata are always granted to a reasonable degree because reproducibility is key. The reason that
people are so interested in global temperatures is that the large positive adjustments tothe records provide most of the signal in the GISS global temperature record. In the case of thecase of the more popular, higher slope CRU record, we dont know whatadjustments were madeto these records.
http://noconsensus.wordpress.com/2009/11/29/
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Controversy surrounding the paper
3. "believers" conspiring to make deniers look
like "whack jobs"
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Is there any problems with their
Questionnaire?
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What did the p's think of the Q'aire?
"I would have thought that inviting Deltoid readers to
participate in a questionnaire of this sort is likely
to produce statistically skewed results since it
likely to encounter a preponderance of respondents
who are pro-science rather than skeptical of
science".
"I needed a dont know choice rather than beingforced to say probably one way or the other who
was involved in assassinating who".
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"At first, I thought the survey was bogussome of the
questioned seem rather ill-posed. And why no 5-point
Likert scale? The whole online survey format is also
methodologically suspect".
"Not very well-written.
What on earth is that question about Coca-Cola all
about? I dont even care enough to Google it".
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"I disliked the word believe. I dont believe in CO2
trapping IR causing AGW. I trust the science
experts, their differing voices speaking in unison,
their research, and their evidence. Belief doesnt
come in to it".
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"The survey is very poorly written. It has a number of
what we call double barreled questions in which
there are two propositions asserted; you might
agree with one but not for the reason proposed, or
agree with one half but completely reject the other.One cannot answer these items without being
misleading about what one really thinks".
"Im too busy to take this survey, what with reds
under the beds and sightings of Elvis to follow up...
Is this Lewandowsky person even real?"
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"I guess theyre trying to use those surveyquestions to identify the nuts haha"
"Yeah, those conspiracy theory questions werepretty funny, but does anyone think thathardcore deniers are going to be fooled by such a
transparent attempt to paint them asparanoids?"
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Their article about deniers believing in conspiracytheories was met by a conspiracy theory. AsLewandowsky and colleagues came across
responses they started collecting relevant blogposts & used them to write another article:
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Recursive fury: conspiracist ideation in
the blogosphere in response to researchon conspiracist ideation
survey responses "scammed"
-can't be ruled out, esp. since on the internet; its
unfalsifiable
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sceptic blogs not contaced
on September 10, 2012 L. revealed the names of
the sceptic bloggers. This hypothesis was then
abandoned, however, a new one emerged:
that it was obvious that most (or all) of the scepticblogs would refuse to post it, since it was
posted by an alarmist hence distorted to try &
harm sceptics.
this shows unreflexive counterfactual thinking(non-existent, counterfactual state of the world, even
though knowledge about the true state of the world was
demonstrably available at the time)
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sceptic blogs contacted after a
delay- sceptic blogs contacted 1 wk after believers
blogs posted Q'aire
- doesn't impact the study because they didn't
post them anyway
this shows suspicious thinking & attribution of
nefarious (wicked; criminal) thinking
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different versions of the survey
-sceptic blogs received different versions to
scientific blogs
-Q orders were merely counterbalanced
-this theory lasted 1 day
this shows a belief that something must be
wrong, reflexive counterfactual thinking, &
nefarious intent of the researchers
duplicate responses from same IP
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duplicate responses from same IP
number retained
Those with same IP address were deleted;
however, bloggers took it to mean that if there
was slight variation it would be retained;
This is false
-the theory lasted 2 days
this shows considerable suspicion
blocking access to authors'
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blocking access to authors
websites
2 authors were inaccessible for 9 hrs.
Blogger: blocking his IP address, which turned
into a consipiracy of blocking & unblocking to
show being paranoid
this theory lasted 1 day
assigning intentionality to random events,
conspiracy theorist as a victim
beyond recursion: global activism &
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beyond recursion: global activism &
government censorship
- UWA a base for global climate activismoperation
- Ringleader for conspirational activities
- Gov. funded L. & colleagues to run TheConversation
- This shows widening scope of conspiracy
- L. has received over $2 mil worth of ARCfunding to support his efforts to equate climate
change scepticism with mental disorder
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The IPCC concluded in 2001 that there is strong
evidence to believe that climate change in the
last 50 years is attributable to human activities;this is also the view of a large body of domain
experts (Antilla, 2005)
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If anthropogenic global warming is
happening, why so many deniers???
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http://mediamatters.org/video/2009/05/04/beck
-claims-its-been-cooling-ever-since-
1998/149820
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_
embedded&v=8Mf1b_y8rxE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_
embedded&v=m3o-dc0kwHo#!
http://mediamatters.org/research/2009/12/08/c
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Climate deniers
Glenn Beck(producer, radio host, author,
conservative) says global warming is the
greatest scam in history.
He gives air-time to Christopher Monckton
(journalist, conservative political speaker) to
attack the work of climate scientists asfraudulent
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"Note the close correlation between CO2 concentration
and temperature: but it was temperature that changed
first".
http://scienceandpublicpolicy.org/monckton/temperature_and_co2_change
_briefing.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hC3VTgIPoG
U "chasing ice"
Is being a climate scientist
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Is being a climate scientist
dangerous?
Climate scientists have been known to receive
death threatseg:
Will Steffen (ANU),
Andy Pitman (UNSW)
David Karoly (Melbourne University)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=LiYZ
xOlCN10 funny video
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Marc Morano
Fox regular Marc Morano, (founder of anti-
science blog ClimateDepot.com) said climate
scientists deserve to be publicly flogged
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=climate-cyber-
bullying&page=2
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How many watch fox news?
Fox news has been the most watched news
channel in the country for ten years and
according to Public Policy Polling, is the most
trusted television news sourcein the country
-January 2012, average of 1,942,000viewershttp://press.foxnews.com/2012/01/fox-news-channel-marks-decade-as-the-
number-one-cable-news-network/
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Pew Research Center for People & thePresscited a sharp decline over the pastyear in the percentage of Americans who
say there is solid evidence that globaltemperatures are rising.http://people-press.org/report/556/global-warming
http://people-press.org/report/556/global-warminghttp://people-press.org/report/556/global-warminghttp://people-press.org/report/556/global-warminghttp://people-press.org/report/556/global-warminghttp://people-press.org/report/556/global-warminghttp://people-press.org/report/556/global-warminghttp://people-press.org/report/556/global-warminghttp://people-press.org/report/556/global-warminghttp://people-press.org/report/556/global-warminghttp://people-press.org/report/556/global-warming -
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Marc Morano
When Morano singles out a climate scientist for
attack on his website he includes their email
addressestelling people to get in touch.
Which they do, with death threats.
Dr Kevin Trenberth(head of analysis at the
-
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National Center for Atmospheric Research,
Colorado)
19 pages of extremely foul, nasty, [and] abusive
emails in the four months after the Climategate
storm broke in November 2009.
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=climate-cyber-bullying
Another prominent climate scientist had a dead
animal dumped on his doorstep and as a result
now employs bodyguards.
Another has contemplated suicide
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Paul Ehrlich(Stanford University, ecologist):
Everyone is scared shitless, but they dont know
what to do. The bullying and threats intensify
after anti-climate science rants from the media.http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v464/n7286/full/464141a.html
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Michael Mann(physicist, climatologist, author)
also received hate mail:
"the emails come in bursts, and do seem to be
timed with high-profile attack pieces on talk
radio and other fringe media outlets such asRupert Murdochs Fox News
They have been told to "go gargle razor blades"
and described as "Nazi climate murderers"
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/jul/05/hate-mail-climategate
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deniers in Congress have used their offices to
send intimidating letters threatening dire
consequences to scientists working on climate
change.
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=climate-cyber-bullying
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Although Tony Abbott does not directly attack
scientists he has signalled to climate deniers
that he is one of themhttp://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692
Monckton (journalist) believes that climate science is a
communist plot, promoted by the Hitler youth.
He denounced Australias climate scientists as cheats,
frauds and communist dupes on ABC.
http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692 -
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The Australian
While claiming to accept the science and the
need for carbon-reducing policies, the
Australian has conducted a long campaign of
undermining, ridiculing and misrepresentingclimate science, including giving regular
space to conspiracy theories.
http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-
1692
An analysis of The Australians coverage ofli h l h l i bi
http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692http://theconversation.edu.au/climate-scientists-the-target-in-culture-war-1692 -
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climate change reveals overwhelming biastowards denialists
180 articles dedicated to action against climate
change versus 700 articles (4:1)
many columns written by non-experts such as
politicians
of the scientists, majority were deniers, minority
were those published in climate science
journals
How many people read "the
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y p p
Australian"?
The Weekend Australian: 895,000
the weekday edition: 436,000
(December 2008 figures)
http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/breaking-news/newspaper-
readership-strong/story-e6frg90f-1111118905994
The murdoch paradox: bias in
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p
climate reporting
BY SIMON COPLAND, WHO WORKS FOR SCIENCE COMMUNICATION AT THE ANU
http://www.crikey.com.au/2012/09/24/the-murdoch-paradox-bias-in-climate-reporting/
Research has found more than 80% of stories on
climate change from selected US News Corpoutlets are misleadingand the problemseems to extend to Australia
In the real world, scientists accepting the climateconsensus view outnumber denialists by more than 99 toone. In the Alice in Wonderland world of [The]Australian,their contributions were outnumbered 10 toone.
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Polls in Australia show that despite the steady
accumulation of scientific evidence, Australians with
conservative politics views are now much more likely
to reject the science.
Like those whose opinions they valueshock jocks and
television demagoguesclimate deniers are
disproportionately older, white, male and conservative
those who feel their cultural identity most
threatened by the implications of climate change.
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information that does not fit one's worldview is nowdiscounted or rejected.
"In science there's a whole lot of facts and basic informationon the nature of climate change, but it's being treated as
opinion."
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=climate-cyber-bullying&page=2
Free-market ideology and environmental
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Free-market ideology and environmental
degradation. The case of belief in global
climate change (Heath & Gifford, 2006)
600 questionnaires delivered to random houses in a
Canadian city. 185 were returned completed. Agesranged from 18-88 yrs old. 73% of respondents had a
university or a college degree.
factors influencing belief in climate
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g
change:
- greater levels of ecocentrism & perceived
knowledge about climate change, and
decreased levels of apathy led to greater
belief in climate change
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greater apathy led to belief that climate change
is not caused by humans
less apathy & more perceived knowledge led to
consequences perceived as more negative
environmental apathy had the strongest negative
correlation (>free market ideology) with
causes & consequences & the intention to act
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ego-environmentalism, but not income, predicted
support for policies reducing greenhouse
emissions despite being costly to the
individual.
climate of scepticism: US newspaper
f th i f li t h
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coverage of the science of climate change(Antilla, 2005)
Studied 255 US newspapers to assess media
coverage on climate change
The newspapers mostly used climate sceptics
that had ties with fossil fuel industries to
address the issue
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so why are so many politicians hard-line
deniers?
Many politicians receive funding from large
corporations that profit from large amounts of
fossil fuel consumption (eg Exxon Mobil)
(Antilla, 2005)Food for thought..
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Thank you for listening!