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August 2010 VOL. Cl No. 8

<< Previous PageXXIII TNAI BIENNIAL (72nd) CONFERENCE, KOCHI, KERALA

CONFERENCE REGISTRATION FORM

Pre-Conference Meetings: November 22-24 and Conference: November 25-27, 2010.

Full Name (Block Letters) :Miss/Mrs./Sr./Mr./Dr. ___________________________________________ Executive/CouncilMember/HOD member/TNAI Member/SNA Delegate//Non-TNAI Member

Designation ____________________________ Office held in TNAI/SNA________________________

Full Address ________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

For Resident Delegates [Please mark (..) ]

Do you require accommodation? { } Yes { } No

If yes, indicate the period of your stay from __________ to ____________

Date and time of arrival at Ernakulam Date: Time:

Indicate the mode of travel { } Rail { } Bus { } Air

Name & No. of Train / Flight ___________________________________________________________

Departure from Ernakulam Date____________ Time _________ Train / Flight

Would you like to join Sight Seeing? { } Yes { } No

Charges Executive Committee/Council / HOD Members (Rs.)

TNAI Delegates(Rs.

SNA Members(Rs.)

Non-TNAIMembers (Rs.)

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Registration Fee 300/- 300/- 200/- 500/-Boarding, Lodging and Transport (Per Day) 500/- 500/- 400/- 600/-Late fee 500/- 500/- 300/- 700/-Sight seeing To be announced later

-Refund of the Conference Registration Fee will be made only if cancellation information reaches the Registration Chairperson inadvance: One month before the Conference –75%; 15 days before the Conference– 50% and no refund thereafter. Registration feeis not refundable. Last date for Registration is October 15, 2010. After which late registration fee will be charged.

The Registration fee and other charges should be sent in advance through a Demand Draft drawn in the name of “TNAI NationalConference” payable at Ernakulam. The Registration form along with the payment and a self addressed stamped envelope (Rs.10/-) should be sent to Sr. Ivan, Chairperson, Registration Committee, Principal, St. Joseph’s College of Nursing, Dharmagiri,Kothamangalam-686691, Kerala (Ph. No. 09747232113).

Arrangement for stay will be made in respect of only those delegates who submit the registration form alongwith the requiredcharges by the closing date of registration. The registration form can be obtained from the TNAI Headquarters, L-17, FlorenceNightingale Lane, Green Park, New Delhi-110016. However, members are free to use typed or photocopies of this form.

No accommodation will be given to those registering late. On the spot registration will be allowed but accommodationwill not be given unless intimated to the Chairperson, Registration Committee in advance, within the deadline(October 15, 2010).

N.B.: (i) The State SNA Vice Presidents and SNA Secretaries are required to attend the House of Delegates and the Conferenceas observers, no other SNA members, apart from these two SNA Office bearers, should attend this Conference. However, there isno ban for local SNA members for attending the Conference, provided such an arrangement is made with the ConferenceRegistration Committee. (ii) No accommodation arrangement will be made for families friends/relatives/accompanying participatingmembers. They have to make arrangements on their own. However, the members concerned in such cases may get information foraccommodation facilities available in the city by writing to the Chairperson, Registration Committee.

:: POLICY & POSITION STATEMENT :: RESOURCES & PUBLICATION :: THE NURSING JOURNAL OF INDIAMEMBERSHIP DETAILS :: ADVERTISE WITH US :: EVENT DIARY :: WHAT'S NEW :: SIGN OUR GUEST BOOK :: CONTACT US :: NURSE PLEDGE

Trained Nurses' Association of India (TNAI)

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http://www.tnaionline.org/resources.htm

http://www.tnaionline.org/thenursing.htm

http://www.tnaionline.org/membership.htm

http://www.tnaionline.org/advertise.htm

http://www.tnaionline.org/events.htm

http://www.tnaionline.org/what.htm

http://www.tnaionline.org/guest.htm

http://www.tnaionline.org/contact.htm

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EXHIBITION REGISTRATION FORM

Name of the Exhibitor ________________________________________TNAI No.____________________________

Address__________________________________________________________________________________________

Division___________________________________________Section__________________________________________

Topic of the Exhibit _______________________________________________________________________________

Certificate of Recommendation

The exhibit is the bonafide work of Miss/Mrs./Mr./Sr.______________________________and has not been exhibited before.

The Nurse is member of the Trained Nurses’ Association of India, her/his TNAI number is given above.

Signature___________________________ Name____________________________________________________

(Nursing Superintendent or any senior member of TNAI)

Rules for Entry : 1. Please note that only posters will be displayed. Models or charts shall not be included. 2. Only individualentries will be entertained.3. No Entry form will be entertained after October 15, 2010. 4. All Exhibits should be registered, theregistration fee is Rs. 100 per entry. The money should be sent by DD/Cheque/Money Order along with registration form to theSecretary-General, TNAI, L-17, Florence Nightingale Lane, Green Park, New Delhi-110016. 5. Please note that the name of theExhibitor should not appear on the Exhibit, but each Exhibit must be accompanied by a card bearing (i) Name of the Exhibitor, (ii)Name and Address of the Hospital/Institution, (iii) Division (iv) Section of the Exhibit (v) Title of the Exhibit. Size of Exhibit (Poster):22" x 26" approx. Oversize exhibits will be rejected on the spot. The Exhibit should be in the form of Posters. The ExhibitionRegistration form can be typed or photocopied.

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Suggestive Topics of Exhibit (Poster Presentation)

Division & Section Topics Special AwardsI. Teaching Aids (Posters) on:

(a) Anatomy & Physiology(b) Hygiene First Aid(c) Community Health(d) General Nursing Procedure

(a) Structure of Heartb) Cardiac Pulmonary Resuscitation(c) Ways and means to achieve MDG 3 (promote genderequality and empower women)(d) Patient Monitoring Technologies - Nurses’ Role

Miss A Cherian, RollingShield

Mrs. Pramada Bajaj Shield

Jayadeb Chatterjee ShieldII. Innovative Approaches in:

(a) Medical Nursing(b) Surgical Nursing(c) Paediatric Nursing(d) Psychiatric Nursing(e) Primary Health Care

(a) Nurses role in promotion of patient safety(b) Care of patient with colostomy(c) Neonatal resuscitation(d) Nurses responsibilities in care of patient with dementia(e) Urbanisation and Health

Steedman’s Cup

III. Changing Concepts in:

(a) Obstetrics & Obstetrical Nursing(b) Midwifery

(a) Emergency Obstetric Midwifery Care(b) Skilled Birth Attendance Process

Dettol ShieldMrs. Harriet ChabookShield

IV. Growth of Nursing in India (a) Quality Nursing Practice: A Challenge(b) Strengthening Midwifery practices for Safe Motherhoodin India(c) Role of Auxiliary Nurse Midwives in National RuralHealth Mission.(d) Shared Governance in Nursing(e) Amalgamation of Nursing Education & Practice

Mrs. KS Ratra Shield

V. Perspective of TNAI (a) NJI 100 Years: Vision for next century(b) TNAI projects: (Central Institute of Nursing & ResearchCentre /Elderly Care Home : My responsibility)

Dr. Jeevraj Mehta Shield



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The list of Chairpersons and Co-Chairpersons of various Committees:

Conference Committee

Chairperson Dr Kochuthresiamma Thomas, President, TNAI Kerala State Branch, TC 11/801, Krishna Nagar Pattom PO,Thiruvananthapuram-695004. Mobile: 9447159988

Co-Chairperson Prof Prasannakumari Y, Vice President TNAI Kerala State Branch, Principal, Govt College of NursingThiruvananthapuram-695011. Mobile: 9495945576

Conference Secretary

Chairperson Prof Valsa K Panicker, Secretary, TNAI Kerala State Branch, Principal, Govt College of Nursing Kozhikode.Mobile: 9847219559

Co-Chairperson Prof Moly K T, Principal, College of Nursing, Amritha Institute of Medical Sciences, Ponekkara PO Kochi-682026. Mobile: 9447513383

Finance CommitteeChairperson Dr Suvarnalatha Devi K, Associate Professor, Govt College of Nursing, Trivandrum. Mobile: 9446553616Co-Chairperson Sr Gabriala, Principal, Lourde School of Nsg, Holly Cross Hosp., Kottiyam, Kollam. Mobile: 9497358576Registration CommitteeChairperson Sr Ivan, Principal, St Joseph’s College of Nsg, Dharmagiri, Kothamangalam-686691. Mobile-9747232113

Co-ChairpersonsSindhu Devi M, Principal, MOSC College of Nursing, Kolencherry, Ernakulam-682311. Mobile-9446386351

Smt Annamma Cherian, Nsg Suptdt, MOSC Hosp, Kolencherry, Ernakulam – 682311. Ph. 0484-3055660Invitation & Reception CommitteeChair Person Dr Valsamma Joseph, Professor, Govt College of Nursing, Kottayam-8, Mobile: 9447143920

Co-ChairpersonsSmt Grace Mathai, Chief Operating Officer, MIMS ,Kottackal, Malappuram. Mobile: 9847400897

Sr Joseena, Asso Prof, Caritas College of Nursing, Thellakom, Kottayam. Ph. 0481-2792104Programme Committee

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Chairperson Sr Rose Vypana, Community Health Department Head, LHM Hospital, Bharananganam, Kottayam-686578.Mobile: 9447284760

Co-ChairpersonsMr Biju SV, Jyothi, Veeralam, Attingal PO, Trivandrum. Mobile: 9447501775

Sr Suma, Principal, Lourde College of Nursing, Ernakulam. Mobile: 9496002220Conference MinutesChairperson Smt Usha Marath, Principal, Lisie College of Nursing, Ernakulam. Mobile No9497039262

Co-Chairperson Prof VJ Mariakutty, Principal, College of Nursing, EMS Co-operative Hospital, Perinthalmanna, Malappuram.Mobile No 9947290371

Entertainment Committee

Chair Person Dr Reetha Devi S, Principal, College of Nursing, Kerala Co-operative Hospital, Nettoor PO, Thalasserry,Kannur. Mobile: 9847757001

Co-Chairperson Ms Lijimol Chacko, Lecturer, College of Nsg, Amritha Inst of Medical Sciences, Ponekkara PO, Kochi.Press and Publication

Chairperson Mr Roy K George, Principal, Theophilus College of Nursing, MGDM Hospital, Kangazha, Devagiri, Kottayam.Mobile: 9447208669

Co-Chairperson Mr Biju S, Sr Lecturer, SME, TD Road, Ernakulam. Mobile No 9747123518Health CommitteeChairperson Mrs Philomina, Associate Professor, Lissie College of Nursing, Ernakulam. Mobile No. 9446211516

Co-ChairpersonMrs Sathi Mohan, Principal, PVS School of Nursing, PVS Hospital, Ernakulam. Mobile No 9495162228

Mr Aboobacker, Govt School of Nursing Beach, Kozhikode, Mobile: 9846339291Accommodation CommitteeChairperson Dr Sr Mary Lucita, Principal, SME, INE, Angamaly. Mobile: 9847347445Co-Chairperson Mr Anfal Mithu, Lecturer, INE, SME, Angamaly. Office No 0484-2455946Catering CommitteeChairperson Sr Doris, Principal, Holy Cross College of Nursing, Kottiyam, Kollam. Mobile: 9349455019

Co-ChairpersonsMrs Nirmala, Lecturer, INE,SME, TD Road, Ernakulam. Mobile No9446740948

Sr Vida, Nursing Superintendent, Lissie Hospital, Ernakulam. Mobile No. 9895756168Transport CommitteeChairperson Sr Rubeena , Principal, Samaritan College of Nursing, Pazhaganadu, Aluva. Office No. 0484-2681450Co-Chairperson Sr Marylet, Nsg Suptdt, Samaritan College of Nsg, Pazhaganadu, Aluva-683562. Office No. 0484-2681450Sight SeeingChairperson Mr Ragee Raghunath, Principal, Amala College of Nursing, Thrissur. Mobile No. 9446606101Co-Chairperson Mr Riyas KM, Sr Lecturer, Govt College of Nursing, Thrissur. Mobile No. 9495837181

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Exhibition CommitteeChair Person Prof Leelamma B, Principal, Aswini College of Nursing, Thrissur. Mobile: 9447290530Co-Chairperson Sr Victrina Kavungal, Ward Incharge, Holy Cross Hospital, Kottiyam, Kollam. Mobile: 9961596167Souvenir CommitteeChairperson Mrs Alice Daniel, Principal, Malik Dinar College of Nursing, Kasargode. Mobile: 9995892388

Co-ChairpersonsMrs Beena Basan, Principal, Pushapagiri College of Nursing, Thiruvalla. Mobile No. 9895837229

Mrs Sudhamoniamma C, Deputy Nursing Superindantant, SCTIMST, Thiruvananthapuram.Election CommitteeChairperson Prof SA Samuel, BN 395, Babuji Nagar, Medical College PO, Trivandrum.Co-Chairperson Smt Saralabhai TK, Vysakh, 89, Chempaka Nagar, Oottukuzhy, Trivandrum. Mobile: 9446414881Steering Committee1. Prof Chandrakanthi C 2. Prof Salomey George 3. Prof SA Samuel 4. Smt Saralbhai TK 5. President - Dr KochuthresiammaThomas 6. Secretary - Prof Valsa K Panicker



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<< Previous PageAction Research : Why and How N Kokilavani1, Nanthini Subbiah2, Radha K3

In this every fraction of seconds andminutes changing world, we face a largenumber of problems, which requireimmediate solution. This is achievedthrough action research. Action researchhas the potential to generate genuineand sustained improvement in schools,colleges and organisations. It giveseducators new opportunities to reflect onand assess their teaching; to exploreand test new ideas, methods, andmaterials; to assess how effective thenew approaches are; to share feedbackwith fellow team members; and to makedecisions about which new approachesto include in the team’s curriculum andassessment plans.The early work in Action Resarch isattributed to Kurt Lewin, a socialpsychologist who coined the term,“action research”.

balances problem solving actionsimplemented in a collaborative contextwith data-driven collaborative analysis orresearch to understand underlyingcauses enabling future predictions aboutpersonal and organisational change(Reason & Bradbury, 2001). It involves utilising a systematic

cyclical method of planning, takingaction, observing, evaluating (includingself-evaluation) and critical reflecting priorto planning the next cycle (O’Brien,2001; McNiff, 2002). Action research is an inquiry or

research in the context of focused effortsto improve the quality of an organisationand its performance. It typically isdesigned and conducted by practitionerswho analyse the data to improve theirown practice. Action research can bedone by individuals

or by teams of colleagues. The teamapproach is called collaborative inquiry. Action research in education is research

(applied) undertaken by practioners(teachers) to study their problemsscientifically in order to guide, correct andevaluate their decisions and actions(Stephen M Corey). Action research is characterised by the

systematic study of the implementation ofplanned change to a system.Purposes of action researchThe purposes of action research are to: Produce practical knowledge that is

useful to people in the everyday conductof their lives, Work towards practical outcome, Create new forms of understanding.

Since theory

Action research is client- centred, action-oriented and problem-centred. It involvesthe client system, is a diagnostic, active-learning, problem-finding, and problem-solving process.

Various terminologies used for action

Basic Research and Action Research: A Comparison

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Various terminologies used for actionresearch are Co-operative inquiry, Actioninquiry, Participatory action research,Community-based action research,Collaborative research and Participativeinquiry.

Definition

Action research is an interactive inquiryprocess that

The authors are : (1) Principal,Adhiparasak thi College of Nursing,Melmaruvathur; (2) Dy Secy-General,TNAI; (3) Reader, Adhiparasak thiCollege of Nsg, Melmaruvathur (TN).

Basic Research Action Research It finds out broad basic principles and

generalisation Concentrates on specific problem

areas It is pursued for establishing facts and

truthsIt is conducted to find out usable

solutions of actual problems The research pattern once decided is

finalThe research pattern can be modified

as the situation demands. It requires special training to enable the

research to reach the goal It does not require special training

without action is meaningless, and

Provide important guidance andinspiration for practice.

Main features of action research

It focuses on solving the immediateproblem which the researcher is facing inthe study. It involves the client system as a

diagnostic, activelearning, problem-finding, and problem-solving process. It requires small sample. Its findings are very usable and

practicable locally but not usuallygeneralisable. It increases morale, skill and efficiency

of the worker. It is applicable to local problems.

Action research involves a baselinesurvey of the pre-action situation; afeasibility study of the proposed actionprogramme; planning and launching theprogramme; concurrent evaluation of theprogramme; making modification and

programme and its method ofimplementation in the light of theresearch findings, and final evaluation, ifthe project is time-bound.

Basic steps of Action Researchaccording to Nunan (1990)

1. After determining that there is apotential problem, survey what ishappening (status quo) throughobservation - via video, audio, hashmarks, or whatever relevant means areavailable.2. Code the observation based on theproblem and what was seen (i.e., thecode is created solely for that problem/session).3. Based on the coded information,determine one change that could impactthe problem in a positive manner.4. Implement the change in thecourse/classroom.5. Observe the class/course whileimplementing the change.6. Code the new observations.7. Finally, compare the coded

sessions to determine the results of thechange.

Characteristics of Action Research

1. Human flourishing: In any research, theultimate outcome is for human growth andwelfare.2. Participation and democracy:Participation with subjects is common. Noconcealment.3. Practical form: Action research hasalways preferred the practical way ofactivities and day-to-day problems.4. Emergent development form: This typeof research is more suitable in emergencysituation.5. Knowledge in action: Only in this typeof research whatever the outcome orresults, that will be applicableimmediately.

Types of Action ResearchFour basic types of action research havebeen identified:Experimental: It is applicable for anyintervention, new procedure, newer

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programme; making modification andchanges in the

7. Finally, compare the coded intervention, new procedure, newereducational strategies, innovation etc.

Characteristics of Action Research Organisational: This type of actionresearch is organised by institution/agency for regulation of policies andprocedures.Professionalising: It is related toprofessional body regulation, issues,scope and emerging trends.Empowering: This type of research isapplicable in protection of rights ofconsumer and professional care giver.Validity of Action Research (Waterman1998)

1. Dialectical method: It refers toconstant analysis and report ofmovement between theory and researchand practice in examining the tensions,contradictions, and complexities of thesituation.2. Critical validity: Analysing theprocess of change the measure ofvalidity is not the change affected butrather the analysis of intentions andaction, their ethical implication andconsequences.3. Reflexive validity: It is the attemptby the researcher to constantly examinethe biases, supposition, pre-suppositionof the research.

Conclusion

Action research does not focusexclusively on user and careerinvolvement, though clearly

their participatory principle makes it anobvious choice to explore these issues.It can be used more widely to fosterbetter practice across inter professionalboundaries and between differenthealthcare settings. It is an eclecticapproach to research and draws on avariety of data collection methods. It is adynamic approach for the researcher whoopts to study the problem and assist inmaking a change in their lives. Actionresearch also sets in motion a long-range, cyclical, self-correctingmechanism for maintaining andenhancing the effectiveness of theclient’s system by leaving the systemwith practical and useful tools forselfanalysis and self-renewal.

References

1. Krishnaswami OR, Ranganathan M(2005). Methodology of re-

search in social sciences, 2nd edn,Himalaya Publishing House; pp 41-452. Bhatia Bhatia (2004). A textbook ofEducation Psychology. Doaba HousePublishers; 4th edn, pp 606-113. Whitehead D, Taket A, Smith P (2003).Action research in health promotion.Health Education Journal; 62: 5-224. Burns N, Grove SK (2001). ThePractice of Nursing Research, 4th edn,Philadelphia: WB Saunders Publications5. Polit DF, Hungler BP (1998). NursingResearch: Principles and Methods.Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Company6. Bennett CK (1994). Promoting teacherreflection through action research: Whatdo teachers think? Journal of StaffDevelopment; 15(1): 34-387. Treece JW, Treece EW (1982).Elements of Research in Nursing. St.Louis: Mosby, 3rd edn8. Susman GI, Evered RD (1978). Anassessment of the scientific merits ofaction research. Administrative ScienceQuarterly; 23:582-6039. From http://www.scu.edu. au/schools/gcm/ar/arp/ aandr.html

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<< Previous PageAnnouncement-TNAI Workshop

TNAI Workshop on “Nursing Research Methodology”18 - 25 August 2010

at TNAI Headquarters, L-17, Florence Nightingale Lane, Green Park, New Delhi-110016.

A National Workshop on “Nursing Research Methodology” will be held from 18-25 August 2010 at TNAI Headquarters, L-17,Florence Nightingale Lane, Green Park, New Delhi-110016. It is being organised for nurse professionals working at various levels ofhealth care system such as hospital / community / educational institutions.

The overall purpose of the workshop is to strengthen the knowledge of participants on research process so as to enable them tointerpret and utilise the research findings for providing quality nursing care.

Request for registration will be considered on “first-cum-first served” basis as there are only limited seats (40). All costs forattending the Workshop will be borne by the sponsoring authorities (Institutions/Governments) or by concerned individuals as thecase may be.

Participation Fee

(1) For outstation participants who require accommodation (fee package for Registration,Boarding and lodging for 8 days including Sunday)

Rs. 13,000.00

(2) For Local participants who do not require accommodation (fee package for Registration,lunch and refreshment) for 7 days

Rs. 6,400.00

Please note that in case of any cancellation, an amount of Rs. 5000/- will not be refunded. No outstation cheque will beaccepted. For Registration forms, write to : The Coordinator (CEP), TNAI Headquarters, L-17, Florence Nightingale Lane, GreenPark, New Delhi - 110016, Phone: 26566665, 26966873, Telefax: (011) 26858304, E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] along with the request for registration form. Kindly enclose a self addressed envelop (9"x4") with a postagestamp of Rs. 5/- affixed. Last date for receiving filled registration form is 16 August 2010. However, seats can be booked tentativelyby phone/fax/telegram/Email.

Mrs Nanthini Subbiah

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Dy Secretary-General & Coordinator, CEP, TNAI



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<< Previous PageRhythmic Skin Tapping : An Effective Measure to Reduce

Procedural Pain during IM Injection Sr Serena

P ain management is one of the mainfacets of nursing care, where nursesneed to be competent. Nurses areobligated to mitigate every kind of pain,even the “minor” procedural pain.Undoubtedly, procedural pain is animportant source of discomfort forhospitalised patients from which, allinstinctively try to escape. Amongothers, intramuscular (IM) injection is acommon procedure that nursesfrequently carry out, which causes painand distress to the recipient. Painmanagement during invasive procedure isa challenge to the direct care providers.

In 1998, Ms Joanne Keiffer Heifer’ BSN.RN, made an attempt to alleviate paindue to IM injection by developing ‘HeiferSkin Tap technique’ in which tapping ofthe skin over the injection site before andduring the procedure is demonstrated. Itis an accepted fact that there is reducedpain in giving injection into a relaxedmuscle. Tapping over the skin is one ofthe various techniques to keep themuscles relaxed. This study explored theeffect of ‘rhythmic tapping’ over the skin

2. To determine the pain level of adultpatients during IM injection with ‘Heiferskin tap technique’.

3 To compare the pain levels with andwithout the use of ‘Heifer skin taptechnique’

4 To compare the pain level with selectedvariables.

Conceptual framework

The conceptual framework used for thestudy was developed on the basis ofMelzack & Wall’s ‘Gate-control theory’(1965). This theory proposes that there isinteraction between pain and sensorymodalities. Mechanical stimulation overthe skin can alter the balance betweenthe small diameter fibres that carry painto the brain, and the large diameter fibresthat do not carry pain. The large diameternon-pain fibres block the slowersmalldiameter pain carrying fibresthrough the effective skin tapping.

Methodology

before and after the administration ofinjection.

Data collection method

Data collection was done for 6 weeks from16 July 07 to 25 August 07 from 60 adultpatients who were on Inj Tramadol 50 mgor Inj Piroxicam 40 mg IM and areadmitted either in the orthopaedic ward orin the trauma ward of St John’s MedicalCollege Hospital, Bangalore. Out of 60samples, 30 samples received InjTramadol and remaining half received InjPiroxicam.

Baseline information was collected fromthe client through structured interviewschedule prior to the study. Each samplewas given 4 injections in which twoinjections were given with usual standardtechnique and remaining with skin taptechnique. Pain assessment was donesoon after each injection by using 0-10numerical pain intensity scale by a clinicalinstructor in order to avoid personal bias of

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effect of ‘rhythmic tapping’ over the skinbefore and during IM injection in relationto pain.

Objectives

1. To determine the pain level of adultpatients during IM injection with usualstandard technique.

The author is Jr Lecturer, St John’sCollege of Nursing, Bangalore

One group pre-test post-test design wasadopted for this study. A purposivesampling technique guided by inclusioncriteria was used to select 60 adultpatients from orthopaedic and traumaward.

Data collection tool includes:1. Interview schedule for the collection ofbaseline information,

2. 0-10 numerical pain intensity scale toassess pain

level after each injection,

3. A table to record pulse rate

the investigator. Pulse rate also waschecked with pulse oxymeter before andafter each injection, since it was one ofthe baseline variables. The injectiontechnique to be used for each sample wasdecided by lot-replacement. Schematicrepresentation of the study design is givenin Figure 1.

Findings of the Study

• The overall mean pain intensity by usingskin tap technique (1.5±1.1) was muchlower than the pain

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tain extent (Table 2).

The mean value of pain level is greaterin females than in males with bothtechniques.

There was no significant associationbetween pain level and other baselinevariables like age, diagnosis, previoushospitalisation and education.

Recommendations

The study can be replicated on a largesample in order to validate the findingsand make generalisations.

ferent setting, to evaluate the findings ofthe present study.

Conclusion

The above observations highlight theeffectiveness of ‘ skin tap technique’ toreduce procedural pain. The study alsohelps to relate theoretical knowledge andquality care, which can be implementedby nursing personnel, in the dailypractice.

References

1. Kieffer HJ (2000). Painless injections.

Nurse Educator, Nov/Dec; 25(6): 272-73

2. Barnhill BJ, Holbert MD, Jackson MM(1996). Using pressure to decrease thepain of intramuscular injections. J PainSymptom Manage Jul; 12(1): 52-53

3. Chung JWY, MY Winnie, Wong TKS(2002). An experimental study on the useof manual pressure to reduce pain inintramuscular injections. Journal ofClinical Nursing, 11:457-61

4. Wynaden D, Chapman R (2005).Establishing best practice guidelines foradministration of intramuscular injections

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A study could be done in dif- Heifer Skin Tap technique. in the adults: A Systematic Review ofLiterature. Contemporary Nurse Dec; 20(2): 267-77



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<< Previous PageSTUDENTS’ FORUM

St Joseph’s College of Nursing, Anchal, Kollam (Kerala) :The lamp lighting ceremony of the 17th batch of GNMstudents was held on 30 January 2010. The chief guest was RtRev Dr Selister Ponnumuthen (Bishop of Punalur diocese) whoinaugurated the function and blessed the new comers. Rev SrLily Thomas, DM, Director St Joseph’s Institutions welcomedthe gathering. Mrs P Mercy (Principal, Dr Nair’s School ofNursing, Kollam) delivered the keynote address. Ms Sija PThomas, Nsg Tutor explained the significance of lamp lightingand Dr Mrs S Revathy (Principal SJCON) and Sr Vimal Jose,DM, handed out the lighted lamp to the students. Sr Sobhitha,DM (Asso Prof SJCON) and GNM programme coordinatorrecited the Nurses’ Pledge for the new comers. Shri VYVarghese, Vice President, Anchal Grama Panchayathfelicitated the students and Ms Nithya Nelson, Nsg Tutor,proposed the vote of thanks.

Vinayaka Mission’s Annapoorana College of Nursing(VMACON), Salem (TN) : The College Annual Day functionwas held on 16 Dec 2009 at the college auditorium with Dr MrsG Josephine R Little Flower, Registrar, Tamil Nadu Nurses andMidwives Council as the Chief guest of the programme. DrVRR Rajendran, Vice Chancellor, VMU, Salem presided overthe function. The Kuthuvilakku was lighted by the dignitaries onthe dias. The annual report of the college was presented by DrLaxmi Rana, Principal, VMACON. The magazine was releasedby the chief guest. Students were awarded for excellentperformance in sports, cultural and academics. This wasfollowed by the entertainment programme. Vote of thanks wasdelivered by Mrs K Maheswari, Vice Principal, VMACON,Salem.

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School of Nursing, KMHM Trust, Manjeri : The Silver Jubileecelebrations of the school along with the lamp lightingceremony of 26th batch and farewell of 22nd batch GNMstudents was held on 21 Feb 2010. Janab PK Abdurrab, MLA,inaugurated the function and the Managing Trustee DrMohammed Ali Korambayil delivered the presidential address.Mrs Meena Kumari, Principal, delivered the welcome speechand Mrs Ameena Ali lighted the lamps to the students. Lt ColMrs T Syamala administered the Nurses’ Pledge. The SilverJubilee Souvenir, Pegasus was released by Mrs ZainabaAhammed Haji. Dr MPK Menon and Dist Nsg Officer Mrs TVinodini felicitated the students. Ms Jibi Treesa, Tutor,proposed the vote of thanks.

Attention Members !Although we take utmost care to check the veracity of thefacts mentioned in the advertisements, the readers arerequested to make appropriate enquiries and satisfythemselves before acting upon any advertisement.

- Chief Editor

College of Nursing, Pt BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak: Aworkshop on ‘Care in Emergency’ was organised andconducted from 18 to 27 Feb 2010. The overall purpose was toupdate the knowledge and skills of staff nurses to provide thenursing care during emergency situations in the variousdepartments of the hospital of govt sector and communityhealth settings of Haryana. A total of 35 staff nurses fromdifferent districts of Haryana participated in the workshop. DrCS Dhull, Director was the chief guest of the inauguralfunction. Course Coordinator, Dr RB Jain welcomed the chiefguest and senior faculty of the college and participants. Hepointed out that health is a team approach with nurses asintegral part of the team. Nurse on duty is the unique healthfunctionary to take care of the emergencies. He lightened thestaff nurses as ABC. The staff nurse is A - available round theclock, B - her behaviour during the care of emergencies and C- for her competent and capacity to tolerate. The doctors,paramedical staff and other employees are second healthfunctionaries in emergency situations. Dr Dhull, pointed outthat Nurses should be polite and kind to the patients and teammembers. He said updating one’s knowledge is mandatory todeliver the quality care to the patients. Dr VK Jain, Dean, DrPardeep Khanna, Sr Prof & Head, Community Medicine Dept,Mrs Ishwanti Malik, Nsg Suptdt were also addressed theinaugural session. Mrs Vidya Devi, Prof and Principal, MrsKrishna Malhotra & Mrs Soma Kumari, Jr Lecturer contributedto the conduct of the programme.



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<< Previous PageNomination Sheet: TNAI Andhra Pradesh State Branch

Office Present office Holder Name and address of theNominee with TNAI No.

President Prof Mrs A Gnanalaxmi, Principal, YashodaCollege of Nursing Hyderabad - 500482

Vice-President Sr Florence, Principal, St Ann’s College ofNursing Vijayawada-520001

Secretary Mrs C R Shamshad Begum, Professor, GovtCollege of Nursing Raj Bhavan Road,Hyderabad - 500482

Joint Secretary Mrs P Samadhanamma, Principal, GandhiCollege of Nursing Secunderabad - 500003

Treasurer Mrs Hemalatha Sarojini, Principal, EBMCollege of Nursing Geetha Nursing Home,West Marredpally, Secunderabad-500003

SNA Advisor Mrs D Sarojini, Principal, School of Nursing,Image Hospital Ameerpet, Hyderabad-500482

Programme Coordinator Mrs K Susila, Lecturer, College of Nursing,King George Hospital Campus,Vishakhapatnam

Membership Coordinator Mrs A Arunodaya, Nursing Tutor Gr-II, Schoolof Nursing Osmania General Hospital,Hyderabad – 500482

Coordinator, Economic Affairs Mrs ME Shobha Dayavathy, Principal, KingGeorge Hospital Campus, Vishakhapatnam

Research Coordinator Mrs B Valli, Asst Professor, Govt College ofNursing, Raj Bhavan Road, Hyderabad - 500482

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Nursing, Raj Bhavan Road, Hyderabad - 500482CHN Coordinator Mrs O Madhurakshi, Principal, Mother Krishna

Bai College of Nursing, Musheerabad,Hyderabad

Education Coordinator Mrs KT Sheeba, Lecturer, Govt College ofNursing, Raj Bhavan Road, Hyderabad –500482

Nominator’s Signature........….………………Nominator’s TNAI No………………………......

Nominator’s Name and Address……........…………………………………………..………….......………………………..…………………………….......

“As per TNAI Byelaws page no 50, Clause 11 (I) Election procedure (g) “contestants are requested to give consent inwriting to the Returning Officer and the choice of the office in case they nominated for more than one office”

1 Election will be held in the General Body meeting on October 23, 2010 between 9:OO AM to 4:OO PM at Govt College ofNursing, Osmania General Hospital Campus, AfzalGunj, Hyderabad

2 Only life members of TANI are eligible to vote.

3 All the voters are requested to bring their voter’s card / receipts of TNAI member ship issued by the TNAI Headquarters alongwith photo identity (Election card/ PAN card / Driving License) before entering the hall for voting.

4 No one shall be allowed to vote before or after the scheduled time of voting.

5 The provisional Ballot paper is published only for the information of the members. A separate Ballot paper will be provided forvoting.

6 As per clause 11(1) Election procedure (g): “Contestants are requested to give their contest in writing to the Returning officerand the choice of the office in case they are nominated for more than one office”.

7 Name of contestants who have not given their contest in writing to the Returning officer will be deleted form the final Ballotpaper.

8 It is expected that the voters / members are well versed with the TNAI Rules and Regulations and Byelaws. A copy of thesame shall be available with the Returning Officer for ready reference.

9 As per TNAI Bye laws, clause 11 1 (i): “Names of all contestants standing for the president and Vice -President are included,for other offices, the name of three contestants who received the highest nominations or minimum five nominations are includedin the final Ballot paper”.

10 The person so selected for a particular office at branch level shall hold the office for the full term (4 years) and shall norcontest and cross to another office prior to completion of the term of her /his existing enlaced office.

11 The Returning officer should be approached for any query or doubt about the election.

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12 Any contestant wishing to withdraw from any office of contest should inform the Returning officer 20 days prior to the electiondate in writing at the following address: Mrs Suseela Returning Officer, TNAI - AP Branch Election - 2010, Lecturer, Govt Collegeof Nursing, Osmania General Hospital Campus, AfzalGunj, Hyderabad – 500482.



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<< Previous PageNutritional Status and Feeding Practices of Infants

Juby Rose Kuriakose

U nder-nutrition is impli cated in morethan half of all child deaths worldwide.India has the highest percentage ofunder-nourished children in the world. Inany community under five children areone of the most vulnerable groups fornutritional deficiencies, owing to manyfactors ranging from low birth weight tomaternal ill health to socio-economic andenvironmental factors.

Infant feeding practices in the communityare strongly influenced by what peopleknow, think and believe about theseissues and by social circumstances,economic factors and other forcesbeyond an individual’s control.

According to National Family HealthSurvey - 3 (NFHS-3, 2005-2006), in Indiapercentage of children (under 3 years)who are stunted is 38 percent, wasted is19 percent, and underweight is 46percent and in Karnataka it is 38percent, 18percent and 41 percentrespectively.

Objectives

tional status of infants using WHO andNCHS standards, (ii) determine thefeeding practices of infants, (iii) findassociation between nutritional statusand selected variables such as: gender,birth order, number of siblings, age ofmother, religion, education of mother andsocio-economic status, (iv) findassociation between pretest feedingpractices and selected variables such asgender, birth order, number of siblings,age of mother, religion, education ofmother and socio-economic status, (v)develop and validate PTP on feedingpractices, and (vi) evaluate theeffectiveness of PTP in terms of gain inposttest scores on feeding practices.

Research Methodology

The research approach used in the firstphase of the study was survey approachwith cross-sectional design and anevaluative approach was selected in thesecond phase to determine theeffectiveness of planned teaching

and for the feasibility of the study. Thedata regarding sample characteristics andfeeding practices were collected duing theperiod 9 January to 4 February 2008.

Data collection instrument used by theresearcher for the study were:

Tool 1: Part-A: Demographic Proforma

Part-B: Modified Kuppuswamy Socio-economic Status Scale

Tool 2: Nutritional Status Assessment(Anthropometric Measurements)

Tool 3: Section-A of feeding practicesconsisted of total 15 questions. Section-Bof feeding practices consisted of total 28questions. It was categorised as: Good,Average and Poor feeding practicesrespectively.

Results and DiscussionsFrequency and percentage distribution ofnutritional status of infants: Data showsthat out of 112 infants, 53(47.32) werehaving normal nutritional status while 35(31.25%) were under stunting category, 17

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This study was conducted to determinenutritional status of infants andeffectiveness of Planned TeachingProgramme (PTP) on Feeding Practicesfor Mothers of Infants in selected areasof Udupi District, Karnataka.The objectives of the study were to: (i)identify the nutri-

Therubali PO, Rayagada Dist (Orissa)

programme on feeding practices with onegroup pre-test post-test pre-experimentaldesign. The samples selected for the firstphase was 112 infants and their mothersand for the second phase, 38 mothers ofinfants in villages of Katpady Panchayat.Nonprobability purposive samplingtechnique was used for this study due totime constraint

(15.18%) were under wasting categoryand 7 (6.25%) under stunting and wastingcategory.The findings of the present study havebeen discussed with reference to otherstudy in same district to determine theprevalence of malnutri tion and itsassociated factors

among under five children in selectedrural slums. In this study researchapproach used was descriptivecorelational one, sampling method usedwas non-probability sampling (purposivesampling) and sample size was 150under-five children and 117 mothers ofunder fives. The study showed theprevalence of malnutrition (87.33%) i.e.wasting (7.33%), stunting (36%) andwasting and stunting (44%) amongunder-five children between the age groupof 6 months to 5 years. This supportsthe findings of our study.

Data shows that out of 112 infants, 39(73.58%) under normal category, 25(71.43%) under stunting category and 7(100%) under wasting and stuntingcategory represented age group of >6 to12 months and 10 (58.82%) who wereunder wasting category represented agegroup of 0 to = 6 months respectively.

Distribution of Feeding Practices(Section-A) of Infants by Frequency andPercentage

Majority of the infants (n=86, 76.78%)were given breast milk as the first feed. Most of infants (17, 15.17%) were

breast fed within 10 minutes after delivery(after shifting the mother to the ward).

Majority of the infants (n=77, 68.8%)were not given bottle feed when theywere on breast feed. Most of infants (n=27, 30.68%) were

started on complementary feed at theage of 4 months. Most of the infants (n=24, 27.27%)

were given Cerelac as the firstcomplementary feed. Most of the infants (n=25, 28.4%) were

introduced new foods at 1 month interval.

Majority of the infants (n=57, 64.77%)were fed complementary foods usingspoon/hand.

Most of the mothers (n=49, 55.68%)did not give preference to the child’s likesand dislikes of food items.

Majority of the mothers (n=82, 93.2%)showed to allopathy doctors when theirchild developed allergy or discomfortwhile eating some foods.

Most of the infants (n=41, 46.6%) weregiven complementary feed 4 times a day.

Majority of the mothers (n=56, 63.64%)made arrangements of leaving theirinfants with relatives in their absence sothat child receives and eats food properlyat time.

B) Interview Schedule

Data shows that 29 (25.9%) mothers ofinfants out of 112 samples follow goodfeeding practices while 83 (74.1%)mothers follow average feeding practices.

Association between Nutritional Status ofInfants and Selected Variables : Fisher’sExact Test (FET) was computed betweennutritional status of infants and birth orderof the child (FET =14.758, p<0.05),number of siblings of the child(FET=20.081, p<0.05) and educationalstatus of the mother (FET=13.668,p<0.05), which showed significantassociation whereas no significantassociation was found between nutritionalstatus of infants and age of the child’smother (FET= 2.809, p>0.05), gender ofthe child (FET=1.342, p>0.05), religion(FET=0.750, p>0.05) and socio-economicstatus (FET= 5.577 p>0.05).Effectiveness of PTP in terms of Gain inFeeding Practices Scoresa) Gain in feeding practices scores ofmothers of infants:In the pre-test out of 38 mothers ofinfants, 24 (63.16%) had average feedingpractices, 14 (36.84%) had good feedingpractices and none had poor feedingpractices.

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Majority of infants (96, 85.7%) were fedcolostrum (though 86 mothers gavebreast milk first but rest of 10 out of 112mothers gave breast milk after givingsome other feed as the first feed). Most of the infants (n=43, 38.39%)

were breastfed at 30 minutes interval.

Majority of mothers of infants (n=95,84.8%) maintained cleanliness of kitchenand took hygienic measures forpreparation and storage of food

Majority of the mothers (n=88, 100%)preferred to check hotness or coldnessof food before feeding the child.

b) Significance of difference betweenmedian of the pretest and post-test:

Feeding practices scores of mothers ofinfants. Data was analysed using,Wilcoxon test (z), Wilcoxon value -5.376,p<0.05 (p<0.001), median of post-testfeeding practices score (51) and inter-quartiles

range (24, 61.25) which was greater thanpre-test feeding practices score (35.50)and inter-quartiles range (18, 43.5).

c) Association between FeedingPractices of Infants and selectedvariables : There was no significantassociation.

Conclusions

The study indicated that majority ofinfants were malnourished and majorityof the mothers of infants followedaverage feeding practices.

Planned teaching programme was foundto be effective as change in feedingpractices was found in the posttest. Eventhough mothers know about FeedingPractices it becomes necessary toemphasise on positive and good FeedingPractices which helps children to grow ina healthier way so that nutri

tional disorders can be prevented.

Recommendations

Education programmes conducted athospital and community settings musthelp in imparting knowledge to mothershelp to control occurrence ofmalnutrition.

Existing health programmes andservices must be strengthened tocombat malnutrition.

A similar study can be replicated on alarger sample or can be undertaken witha control group.

A comparative study can be undertakento find out the knowledge level andpractices of urban, rural and slumdwelling mothers regarding feedingpractices.

The study can be replicated for under-fives.

Similar study can be conducted byinvestigating all aspects of baby careother than feeding practices.

References

1. Progress for children. (Cited 2006 May). A ReportCard on Nu trition. Available from: http:// www.childinfo.org/areas/ malnutrion

2. Seetharaman N, Chacko TV, Shankar SLR,Mathew AC (2007). Measuring malnutrition – Therole of Z scores and the composite index ofanthropometric failure. Indian Journal ofCommunity Medic ine, 32(1): 35- 39

3. Srivastava N, Sandhu A. (2006). Infant and childfeeding index. Indian Journal of Paediatrics, 73:767-70

4. Dobe M (2002).Optimal infant feeding in ruralareas – The missing agenda of communicationneeds. Indian Journal of Public Health,46(4): 145-50

5. Trends in Children’s Nutritional Status (2007).National Fact Sheet India (NFHS-3). Available from:http://www. nfhsindia.org / factsheet.html.

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St Joseph’s College of Nursing, Anchal, Kollam (Kerala) : TheGraduation Ceremony of 13th batch of GNM students was held on30 Jan 2010. Rt Rev Dr Selvister Ponnumuthan, Bishop of Punalur,inaugurated the function and delivered the presidential address. RevSr Lily Thomas, DM, Director St Joseph’s Institutions welcomed thegathering. Mrs P Mercy, Principal, Dr Nair’s SON, Kollam deliveredthe special message of the day. Rt Rev Fr Thomas Kumbukattdistributed the certificates to the graduates and presented theendowment to Ms Reena P for the bedside nurse. Rev Sr Alex DM,Asst Provincial, St Mary’s province presented the Mar Ivanios GoldMedal to Ms Liji Abraham for the best outgoing student. Rev SrSobhitha, DM, Asso Prof SJCON and GNM programme coordinatoradministered the Nurses’ Pledge. Mrs Subhalekshmi V (Principal,SJSON) presented the report for the year 2009. Vote of thanks wasrendered by Ms Nithya Nelson.

Vinayaka Mission’s Annapoorana College of Nursing,Salem (TN) : The Annual Alumni Meet was conducted on30 Sept 2009 with participation of 180 members. ThePresident, Dr (Mrs) Laxmi Rana inaugurated theprogramme followed by Alumni report and financial reportpresentation by Secretary Mrs M Sumathi and TreasurerMrs A Meena respectively. Cultural competitions were heldfor the alumni members. A seminar on ‘Nursing Process’was also conducted for 2 hours. Executive committeemeeting and general body meeting were held in theafternoon. Various aspects related to the welfare of passedout and present students as well as college welfare topicswere discussed. Suggestions were noted and prizes weredistributed to the winners of cultural competitions. Theprogramme ended with a vote of thanks.



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<< Previous PageSay ‘YES’ to Breastfeeding

In the context of Breastfeeding, two considerations are important for the mother as well as for the child. One is the nutritional aspect of the newborn, other is the psychological aspect. There is some debate on the nutritional aspect, with one school suggesting that there are substitutes, thepsychological bonding which develops between the child and the mother brooks no alternative.

Unfortunately, many women in our country delay in breastfeeding, wasting the first milk (which is rich in cholostrum). They are unaware that the firstmilk contains valuable nutrients which are not only essential for the proper growth of the new-born, but also provide immunity to the child againstnumerous diseases to which a new-born is susceptible. Some women avoid giving first milk to the child due to its yellow colour, this practice hasserious impact on the health of the child. An infant should be given breast milk at the right time to ensure prevention of malnutrition. Experts areunanimous in upholding that the infants six months old or less should be fed solely on breast milk instead of water even in case of excessive thirst,because the mother’s milk has enough water even in dry and hot atmosphere that fulfills the water requirements of the child.

It must be strictly ensured that each mother places her nipple into the child’s mouth after half an hour of delivery. The thick milk that is producedafter delivery is yellow colored thick milk containing colostrum vitamins and other nutritions.

A general perception prevails that breastfeeding spoils the mother’s figure of the lady. It is just a fallacy. The chances of breast cancer reduces ifwomen breastfeed their children. The chances of second pregnancy is very less till the mother is breastfeeding its first child. Thus, breastfeeding isan effective practice for population control as well.

Breast milk contains several ingredients that are vital for growth of the child. These include:

1. Immunoglobulins: Human milk consists of all variants of immunoglobulins. The highest concentration is found in colostrum, the pre-milk that isonly available from the breast the first three to five days of the baby’s life.

2. Secretory iga: It is a sort of immunoglobulin that protects the ears, nose, throat, and the G1 tract. It is abundantly present in breast milkthroughout the first year. Breast milk levels of iga against specific viruses and bacteria increase in response to a maternal exposure to theseorganisms.

3. Lactoferrin: It is an iron-binding protein not available in formula baby foods. It limits the availability of iron to bacteria in the intestines. Found inbreast milk throughout the first year, it has a direct antibiotic effect on bacteria such as staphylococci and e. coli.

4. Lysozyme: It is a potent digestive ingredient at a level many times higher than in any formula baby foods.

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5. Growth factors: Human breast milk specifically encourages the growth of lactobacillaceae, which are helpful bacteria with potential to inhibit manydisease-causing gram-negative bacteria and parasites. Breast-fed infants have a level of lactobacillus that is typically 10 times greater than that offormula-fed infants.

6. Allergic factors: The cows’ milk protein used in most formulas is a foreign protein. When babies are exposed to non-human milk, they are likely todevelop antibodies to the foreign protein.

7. Carnitine: Although carnitine is present in both breast milk and formula foods, the carnitine in breast milk has higher bioavailability. Breast-fedbabies have higher carnitine levels than their counterparts. Carnitine is necessary to utilise fatty acids for deriving energy.

It is therefore essential to encourage the new mother to breastfeed her child as the best and most suitable gift for her new born child.



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