tamilin oliyan

X aiym aiym uyL Rik|m, eRik|m bbdyL. ebr n iyL. iy ijil ibrjbdryL. dikeybNpbn ybR, vkeybNpbn i, eldk eybNpnbn in. iipil, iin oinyL bRebiyL, myiRj ei eybLikyindryL. bzyL.

iin oinyL

X

yRl i

ipb iik|L dyL:

1. iin oinyL Ri eyiyj ai eybLdr;

2. eyebinyin jyyjm an ikyjm ai }dr; Rm

3. keybinyL Ri njyjm, ikyjm ai eybLdr.

jp

4

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iin oinyL

i|p i iin oinyj ik|yiibm. embm, yRryj iik| imyL ebi bm. iiz enmeb ddl ji kym, Nrym iiji i|k }yiibm. i zijil imeb, iil yin elb ebRyjm aj iebi ebRyby ipim iri ivbbyi yL }pyin. ijim, |pim im iz iin id. ivbbyik| eblji }by jk eybLyiibm. ab, eblil m oinyL, aeblil m oinyin jy, ijyj mbyyiibm. ijj ik|Riy bkyijk yyiibm. i |idyj iyik eybLl iNm. V en uijk

|ik|m. V: en |Rijm, V en k|ijm, C en eyjm, N elijm, S ajpebiyjm (lim), :., en bijin ddjm |ik|m. bijin ddiR| kyb Liyin eNikjym }m. [ ] iRin uLi ep bRebiyL. / / iRin uLi ep oinyL, o eblin bRebiyj dm |ipi immeb / [ ] / en eik ybdyiibm. iil [ ]in uLi ep bRebiyL, i oinyL.

4.1

1. iz oinyL Ri ikyijk yR ii }y.

2. uir oinyL Ri yR, an ubyjk }y.

ei 4.1

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uir oinyL

|Rir /i e a o u t/ edir /i: e: : a: o: u:/ k|k |Rir / / k| edir /: : : :/

4.2.1 ey oinyL

p t t k

b d d j g

f s

v z z

m n n

l r

(w) y/

my, idj /+/ ij ebRyin iji ijid ebl ybdyiibm. ebr idj / . / oR idj /+/ m /1 2 3 4 /

4.2

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4.2.2 uir oinyL - iRij

/idt/ sjs /i:dt/ "o" /uedt/ "e" /ye:dt/ "e" /adi/ sas /a:di/ "m" /odi/ sos /o:di/ "v" /udt/ sus /u:dt/ "d" /pal/ ss /y:st/ "s" /bale/ sis /ye:st/ "sbr" /tirtpt/ "ip" /turtpt/ "p" /o:dt/ "v" /av/ "an" /van d:/ "in" /na:/ "bn" /kad/ "yn" /van d:/ "ibm" /vart/ "m" /t:gt/ "q|m"

|RiryL eyizm, ediryL ijm uikypyin. /i:e::a:o:u:/ en. iRiR| ib |Riryji ii uikypyin. k| ediryL, /:g/ en pk |ij i, R iyil, aRiR| ib k|k |Riryj i dNm, mbl by ediryji bij |jm uikypyin. a ajyil ediryL meb, l edir iNb edij i bij |j oik|m. eblin il /ii: ee: / meb /y/ en ebby syijby /onglide/ yi. i |lj ajpebiib [?] ydb bi yi. mbl, oniN iyil /:/ eblin il meb /y/ s yijby ilj. (-) /: p/ "mpiL" ei eblin il yin /y/ enjm oibyi yyiibm. eblin il /a a:/ meb [?] al [w]m syijby yin. ebRyL uiil meb, aj |lj ajpebij [?] iiil eRm, ebm yin.

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bRebiyL

/i/ eblin iiiin il, n, izii |Ribym [i] yi. (-) /pad[i]/ ""/p[l] di/ "i" /e/ eblin il /y/j a iij, izii |Ribym [e], /r/ in n eyiz ij, n izii |Ribym [E] yi. (-) /y[e]yd:/ "eybn" /p[e]rr/ "e"; /y[e]d/ "e" // ydij, n izii |Rir // (-) /p[]rl/ "i" /a/ eblin iiim, /a/ a ajil mebm eyiz, ydz, , izii |Ribym [a], i iyil ibkyi ydij, in izii |Ribym [] yi. (-) /marimo[a]/ "yL"; /p[a]la:/ "b"; /m[]r/ "m", /p[]ll/ "l". /o/ eblin iim, /a/a ajil mebm eyiz, ydz, , izii |Ribym [a], i iyil ibkyi ydij, in, iz|i, |Ribym [], R iyil, eyiz iij, in, iz|i |Ribym [o] yi. /[]lliyk [a]/ "eblikeybL" /p[o]d/ "eb".

/u/ ydzil, in, iz|i |Rir [U]. (-) /arb[U]d/ "aRm". /i/ ydzil, izii |Rir [I] (-) /virip[]/ "iip" il, n izii edir, [i:] (-) /v[i:]k/ "dkym" "iij, n izii edir [e:] (-) /kad[e:]si/ "yji" /:/ ydij, n izii edir, [:] (-) /[e:]pt/ "ibp" /b[e:]g/ "yi"

/a:/ eblin iiil ydz, in, izii edibym [a:] R iyil ydz, izii edibym [:] yi. (-) /kal/[a:]/ "yb" /p[a:]di/ "b"

4.3

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/o:/ iij in, iz|i, edir (-) /[o:]d/ "v" /u:/ il in, iz|i, edir /u:/ (-) /k[u:]d/ "}" // il in, izii, k|k |Rir [] (-) /ad[]/ "an" // iij, in, iz|i k|k|Rir [] (-) /kod[]/ "|m" // ydzil, , izii, k|k|Rir [I] (-) /var[i]/ "m" // ydij, n, izii, k|edir [:] (-) /vand[:]/ "in" // ydz, , izii, k|edir [:] (-) /n[:]/ "bn" /:/ iij, in, iz|i, k|edir [:] (-) /vand[:]/ "ibm" // ilydz, , izii, k| edir [I:] (-) /[I:]g/ eirj oi|ip ebl. k|iryj evb jy ey enil i ikylyL ikyin. oik|ip ebRyL eliin n, myi i iyj i, ij epebm eblin iiiii yin. iiil m k|iryL, V en ebrib, ab uim keybim en jyib a ieb ebl meb bi yin.

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(-) 1. [-n~-] /av[n]/~/av[]/ "an" /av[]ni/ "aen" 2. [e:n~-.] /vand[e:n]/~/vand[.] "in" /vand[] ni/ "ien" 3. [-a:m~-.] /ve:nd[a:m]~/ve:nd[:] "iNbm" /ve:nd[:]nni/ "iNben" 4. [-a:n~-.] /vand/[a:n]/ ~ vand[]/ "bn" /vand[:]nni/ "ben"

5. [-e:n~:] /y[e:n]~y[:]/ "sn" /[y:]nni/ "sen" 6. [-m~-o] /kod[m]/~kod[:] "|m" /kod[:]nni/ "|en" 7. [o:m~-] /vand[o:m]/~/van d[]/ ibms /vand[:]nni/ "iben" 8. [-im~-] /var[m]/~/var[]/ "m" /var[]nni/ "en"

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ydi eybkypm ubyil ieb iby bRm ybpyi.

/nam ~ nammol "m" /yem ~ yemmol "em" /um ~ ummo/ sum" /man ~ man n/ "N" /yen ~ yen n "eN" /te:n ~ te:n/ sin" /ma:n ~ mani/ "bn"

k|im, bim iRij kyil yin. 2.1

/vanda/ "bn" "bL" /vanda:/ /vand/ "in" "by" /vand:/ /ad/" an" "aj" /ad/ /kod/ "|m" /vand/ "ibm" "aib" /ado:/ /:/ "m" "my" /a:ga:/

V:N~V: en ydb biil o ojpb ilj. 3-l [.~a:m] em, 4-il [~a:a] em, 1-l [n~] em, 5-l [ye:n`~y.] em bi yin. ibl e:n en, e bm, : en bb enj evb }? ai ib : en eibl, a en bb, al a:n en bb enj evb }? /na:m ~ nammo/ en ibn ubyil VN k|iryby bilj. ibl oiin jyil VN jym ibn my iNm. ebliyim k|iryL yin. (1-8). a iim, eblin iiim, imk|iryL biib iR ij kyil yin. (-) /vand:nni/ "bn en" /vanda:nni/ "bL en" ikybybl kyin bj, keybinyby jy eybl, e keybin e k|iby bm enjm, k|iby bb ijjm eiil yN} b. ei k|iryj i oinyby jy eyyiibm.

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: u: iRiji iRij kyilj. ibl, [,:] enRj // /:/ ekeybLbm. mbl, bm avb eybLilj. bm jy ey jil iir /i u/ iRiR| ib k|iebinyL i, a ilj. uiryL ovebnim i, , : a, , : e n uiebinyL yijk|m.

4.3.1 eyebinyL - iRij k|

/v b f v/

/ payrt / irs /ag/ s|s

/payilv:/ ilbns /embar/ serrs

/film/ iibs /a:mba:ri/ sbmbrs

/vayalt/ ls /sanmugo/ sNyms

/ka:pt/ ybps /vipaa:ri/ sibis

/ka:fi/ ybpis /a:sa:ri/ smbis

/ka:yalt/ ybls /daz/ sns

/balb/ ls /hindi/ siis

/palpodi/ lebs / t d t d t /

/iyalb/ ils / pat / sdms

/ j s z h /

1. ey oinyL Ri |ipiy.

2. bRebiyL uik|m jij ubyn

ei 4.2

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/pad/ sms /de:s/ sims /patil/ ss /ti:/ ss /pad/ ms /patt/ Rs /t s z/ /pat/ Rs /t d t/ /pas/ s /te: k/ ikyms /daz/ sns /m n n n n/ /magar/ al /ma:na:/ syms /n agar/ al /na:na:/ syms /nagar/ al /na:na:/ syms / nagar/ al /a:na:/ syms /agar/ al /na:na:/ yms /agar/ al /a:na:/ yms /kg/ / /kad/ syns /vipaa:ri/ ibis /gad/ syms /a/ ams /llzr/ /baene/ sjs /kali/ syiyms /bai/ sjis /kai/ yis

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/kazi/ syis /kari/ syis /s ss/ /v y/ /va:/ sbs /pas/ ss /y:/ ssns /bass/ sSs /mm nn / /mn / / amma: / sambs /m/ sjs / kanni / synis /kani/ syis / pai / snis /pai/ sis / aano / sayms /ll rr/ /l r/ /pa i/ slis /pa m/ /ka/ syLs /kao/ /karri/ syis /kari/ /vv yy/ /v y/ /kavvt/ syvs /av/ sans /ayyart / strs /payyarrt/ sis / lll rr/ / ll rr/ /n l r/ /pa/ sNibys /pa/ sNs /pao/ sms

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eyebinyin bRebiyL

uiryin n i yil oipib ajpebinyL n oikypyin. (-) /[t]api/ "p"; /[pai]/ "d"; /pa[k]m/ "kym". uiryin iji m opib ajpebinyL, i iyil m ajy ajpebinyj i ii bij dNebik|m. (-) /ta[p.]i]/ "p".

4.4.1 ajpebinyL

/p/ oiz opib ajpebi [p] (-) /[p]a:r/ "br" /b/ oiz oipj ajpebi, [b], (-) /pam[b]/ "bm"/[b] anni/"n" /t/ l oipib ajpebi, [t], (-) /[pa[t]/ "" /[t] ang/ "ym" /d/ uiryijim l-V, z-V, r-V, y-V, i iyim l, oipj uebibym [], R iyil l, oipj ajpebibym [d] yin. (-) /ma[]/ "m"; /va:z[]al/ "bzl"; /se:r[]al/ "irl"; /a:y[]/ "mym" /van[d]:/ "bn" /t/ keybinyin in, i m y oiib } oipj n aN ajpebibym, [dr] yi. i iyil oipib n aN ajpebibym [] yi. (-) /kan[dr]i/ syns; /[]t: ss /pa[]i/ "R"

4.4

/palll/ slils /palll/ ljs /pal/ ss /ye/ seLils /ye/ eLjs /ye/ ijs /varrr/ syibys /arr/ ajs /ar/ ajs

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// oipib, bj ajpebi [] (-) /pa[s]t/ "d"; /avan[is]/ "aiil" /d/ uiryijim, /l-V/, /r-V/, /y-v/ j iyim, oipj bj aebibym [r], i iyil bj oipj apebibym yi. (-) /pa:[]t/ "b"; /lka:l[]tvel/ "yblel"; /ka:r[r]l/ "ybr"; /na:y[r]t/ "b" /ton[d]t/ "ebN".

// ijN oipib ajpebi [t] (-) /tagi/ "|" /j/ ijN oipj ajpebi [d] (-) /[d]embert/ "emr"

/k/ yjN oipib ajpebi [k] (-) /[pa[k]/ "kym"; /[k]allt/ "yl". /g/ uiryin ijim /l-V/, /r-V/, /y-V/ myi iyim yjN oipj uebiby [r] yi. i iviyil oipib uebibym [x] ydb bi yi. i iyil yjN oipj ajpebiby [g] yi. (-) /pa:[y~X]/ "bym" /ka:l[y-x]ai/ "yblyL"; /na:y[y~x]al/ "byyL"; /pa[g]t/ "|", /[g]udt/ "|N".

ajpebinyin bRebiyjk ydi dlyil ybd ikyiibm.

adj 4.1: bRebiym R zijym 1

oinyL bRebiym R zijym

1 # -V

2 V-V

3 y-V;r-V l-V;z-V

4 V-N

/p/ ps p.s p /b/ b b b

// /t/ t t.s ts /d/ d /t/ ts t. d~dr

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/t/ t t. t t /d/ d r d d // t t t // d d d // d /s/ s s s s /k/ k k. k g g y-z y~x g

adj 4.2: bRebiym R zijym 2

oinyL bRebiym R zijym

1 # -V

2 V-V

3 y-V;r-V l-V;z-V

4 V-N

/p/ p b /pp/ p. p /b/ b b /t/ t d /tt/ t. t. /d/ d /t/ t. t. d~dt /t/ ts t d t /tt/ t. t /d/ d d

// t s s t // d d // d. /s/ /k/ /kk/ /g/

s k g

r~x k.

r~x k

g

ii ybd iN dlyim, ajpebinyj iN iby jypik ybd ikyiibm. ovebniR|m ui apjk iybdbyL evi. oipibl ajpebinyL m jyil iyin. iRil ijb ijN ajpebiym, ib iN ajpebim Rjyii idpbl, aRj okyiid Rjyjk ybNibm.

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Rdil eybkypd, oiebRjj apjbyk eybN | j oipj oiyjelbm oipj ajpebinyin bRebiybym, oipib oiyj elbm oipib bRebinybym |ikyinibm. ib iN ajpebij i, R oinykeylbm i ok|m. ibl, i| idj oinyL ij ilj. // // en onil dm idj oinyL ijpyin. ij /ban/ "j" /pai/ "ji" en iRij kyil yin. /l/ enj a /pb/ en iRij k| bl, i iil // enj i oibyk yyiibm. /palpodi/ "Reb" /balbt/ "l" /iyalt/ "il" i e oipiim, a ajpebinykeyb uebiyL, oinyby l ilj /s/ in jy Rim bd. iNb dil eybik|m jy j, oiebRjk| ipim eybkyilj. i|, oinyin jyp Li im (frequency of occurrence), i ebik yp, ebiin b myi iRiR| ipim eybikyiibm. uebiyj, aj oipjby ibm, oipib ajpebinyin bRebiybyk }yiibm. ibl, oiebRjj avbyk yilj. eblin il oipj oinyL iyi ebRyiii yin. ajym iebi ebRybyi ikyin. mjybl |j jyj oin e iRj ibyp iiiyiibm. ij oipj ajpebinyL R oiyj elbm oipib ajpebinybyk yyiibm. iRin jy i|i. ei, jy i|ij oipib ajpebinyL, ieb iiil a|yin. iRin jyim o m ikyi. oipib oinyL dil ybd ik|m elb iyim m. ij uiryijim /l,r/ iRin inm id m. oipj oinyL eblin il m. /l,r/ iRin in /b/ yi. im i ebik ypbl sRdi. oipj oinyL ebiin ikyb rijk ybdm. ivjyil, iRij k| elbRjm iik ybd ikyiibm. uiryijim /l,r/ iRin inm yin iRij kjy oipib i ajpebibym, oiil ijil iik ybd ikyiibm.

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i iNb jy, eybLjy ail ipby ajikyi. mbl, i ikylyL ikyin. i ebi ebRyj evb ai i? ebij mbyyinryL ajm a ebij byebibyk eybNryL alr. ikyjk| ebiin bRj ev m, ev n? iRil y ib by ikyi. mbyyinr ebiin bRij ev m eRiky m?

4.4.2 uebiyL

// oiz oipj uebi []. n ybd ikyi ibl i iebikypbl sRd on. /f v/ ij ji, bpl oipib, oipj oinyb|m. (-) /[f]ilm/ "iim", /[v]ill/"il", /f/ oin iebi ebRyiii yin. /ka:[f]i/ "ybpi" ; /so:[f]a:/"ibb" en ivebin yin i i ebRyL. /s, z/ ij ji iN oipib, oipj uebiyL (-) /va[s]/ "m" /da[z]/ "n". /z/ i ebiebRyiii yi. //m, /s/m ebRyin im, uiryin ijim iRij kyil yin. (3.1) mbl embnjb ebRyil, ebRyin il ij ydb bi yin. /Saambarrt/ "bmbr" /apaati/ "pbi" en ebRyil /s/m, /c/m ebl il iRij kyil l ybNy. // bj oipib uebi. [] im iebi ebRyiii yin. (-) /[]amag/ "Nym" /pa[]a:n/ "bbm". /h/ |lj oipib uebi [h]. im iebi ebRyiii yin. (-) /[h]o:tail/ "ibdl" /[h]indi/ "ii".

4.4.3 keybinyL

/m n n / /m/ oiz oipj keybin: [n] ibp l oipj keybin; /n/ ib iN oipj keybin; // bj oipj keybin; // ijb ijN oipj keybin; // yjb yjN oipj keybin. ij mm iz eykyil uL ekyL. uik|m eb

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eblin il yin. (3.1) LipiLjyL ekyjp ky mmik|meb bb, bnb, bb, bnb, eni uip |yinr. iRil /n n / en nm, i ij i i e|m eblin il l ilj. /m n / nm i ebRyil ebik| il yin. /mar/ "m" , /nadi/ "N" /e:ni/ "bi". iRil // eblin il ayii yi. /a:ytikzm/ "biRkyij" en, ivb // yin iieb ebl. /mn/ en bn|m uiryiij yin.

a| /n / iNm aebiby uikypyin. (-) /u[m]i/ "ui", /ka[n1]o/ "yi", /pa[n1]o/ "m" /m n / uiryij id yin. (3.1) /n/, // iNm, iRij kyil l iljeim, [] en bijin apjil // ei jy eypdL. //, /ny/ iNm uiryij iR ij kyil yin. /anya:y/ "aibm"; /arri/ "ain" ibl // enj /ny/ e jy eyl ibRibiR.

1. ajpebinyin njyjk }y.

2. keybinyj ajbyN uik ybdy.

3. uebiyin ikyjk }y.

4. uebiyin oinyj uik|m jijk

ei 4.3

a. iR ij kjypRi ik|y.

m. ajpebinyL enbl en? an ubyjk }y.

i. uebiyL Ri kyby }y.

kjy 4.1

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ybyn & .eb (1977). ebiil. enj: yib ipym.

Nym (2005). ikyb ebiil. enj: lj

ijm. b. dibn (2005). ebiil. enj: lj ijm.

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