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Options for enhancing forest biodiversity across New Zealand’s managed landscapes based on ecosystem modelling and spatial design. This model suggests an ideal patch pattern model for urban areas, consisting of:

-Minimum sized 6.25 ha core sanctuaries to provide habitat for most native species including all birds, located approxi-mately 5km apart for connectivity.

-1km spaced, minimum 1.6 Ha patches, providing habitat for most native species and insectivorous birds, as well as con-necting the larger patches, being food resources for migrating frugivorous birds.

- 0.2 km spaced 0.01 Ha patches of native trees to aid connectivity.

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!"#$#%&Case Study - Landscha!park, Duisburg Nord - Brown"eld Site

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Water resources Auckland - wide, and in the Tamaki area speci!cally are under increasing demand as water use is driven up by increased urban density and individual water use. Evidence further suggests that it is unlikely our current water use habits are going to be maintainable in the near future, due to both supply and a"ordability. #erefore all !ndings point towards self - reliant domestic water systems as the key to resilience and sustainabil-ity in the changing face of the Tamaki area.