tale of-two-nations

90
1 Australia and India A tale of two people 2010

Upload: selfhelp-citizen-dream-merchant

Post on 21-Jan-2017

203 views

Category:

Government & Nonprofit


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

1

Australia and India

A tale of two people

2010

2

INDIA

AUSTRALIA

|

|__

3

Demography of

AUSTRALIA and INDIA

Population (2008 est.): 21 million.

Annual population growth rate:

1.6%.

Ethnic groups: European 92%,

Asian 6%, Aboriginal 2%.

Religions (2006): Catholic 26%,

Anglican 19%, other Christian

19%, other non-Christian 1%,

Buddhist 2.1%, Islam 1.7%, no

religion 19% and not stated

12%.

Population: [2001census] about

1,027millions. [Oz is about 2%

of Ind! ] One Oz is added

annually to Ind !!

U.P [16.17%], Maharashtra

[9.42%], Bihar [8.07%], Bengal

[7.81%], Andhra [7.37%], Tamil

nadu [6.05%], M.P [5.88%],

Rajasthan [ 5.5% ], Karnataka

[ 5.14% ], Gujarat [4.93% ],

Orissa [3.57%], Kerala [3.10%]

and many others

4

AUSTRALIA INDIA

With a population of 21 million

and double the size of land

area than India, Australia has a

lower density of population and

is a stable, culturally diverse

and democratic society with a

skilled workforce and a strong,

competitive economy compared

to India.

•India supports a high

density of population

with variety and heritage.

•India has good

agricultural work culture

as well as it is now well

industrialized.

•Recently it emphasizes

trained services and

knowledge based

economy.

5

About OZ-Ind_hdi-2008

India‟s Human

Development Index

(HDI) is 128th out of

177 countries with data

(UNDP Human

Development Report

2008).

Australia‟s Human

Development Index

(HDI) is the third best

in the world, behind

only Norway and

Ireland (UNDP

Human Development

Report 2008).

6

Majority of people of Oz live in cities; Indians mostly rural.

Area: 7.7 million sq. km. (3

million sq. mi.); Cities

(2007): Capital--Canberra

(pop. 340,000). Other

cities--Sydney (4.3 million),

Melbourne (3.8 million),

Brisbane (1.9 million),

Perth (1.6 million),

Adelaide (1.2 million),

Darwin (117,000), Hobart

(207,484).

7

Distribution of population of India

Population: [2001census]

about 1,027millions.of which 72.22% was

rural and literacy rate was 65.38%

Ethnic groups: Six main groups,

Religions (2001): Hindu 80.44%, Muslim

13.42%, Christian 2.33%, Sikh 1.84%,

Buddhist 0.68%, Jain 0.38%, and others

0.65%

8

Lifestyle of Oz

As the 6th largest country in the world,

Australia is 50% larger than Europe, but has

the lowest population density in the world.

Approximately 85% of Australians occupying

only 1% of the continent and live in the capital

cities and along the coast.

For at least 40,000 years Australia's

Aboriginal people have lived in Australia's

unique natural environment, believed to be

with one of the world's stone age cultures.

9

Climate: Relatively dry

and subject to

drought, ranging

from temperate in the

south to tropical in

the far north.

Terrain: Varied, but

generally low-lying

Climate of Australia

10

The climate of India may be broadly described

as tropical monsoon type. There are four

seasons: (i) winter (January-February), (ii) hot

weather summer (March-May); (iii) rainy south-

western monsoon (June-September) and (iv)

post-monsoon, also known as north-east

monsoon in the southern Peninsula (October-

December).

CLIMATE of India

11

CLIMATE of India

India‟s climate is affected by two seasonal winds

- the north-east monsoon and the southwest

monsoon. The north-east monsoon commonly

known as winter monsoon blows from land to

sea whereas south-west monsoon known as

summer monsoon blows from sea to land after

crossing the Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea and

the Bay of Bengal. The south-west monsoon

brings most of the rainfall during the year in the

country.

12

Cities in Oz_ 2008

In 2007, Sydney was voted the

world‟s best city for the second year in a

row.

Melbourne was sixth (Anholt City Brands Index

2007).

Five Australian cities have been ranked in the top

eleven most liveable cities in the world (Economist

Intelligence Unit 2005).

13

Health & Work in Oz:

Health: Infant mortality rate--4.7/1,000.

Life expectancy--males 78 yrs., females 83

yrs.

Work force (10.8 million): Agriculture--3.0%;

mining--4.9%; manufacturing--10.3%;

services--75%; public administration and

defense--3.8%.

14

Area & Population Comparison _Oz-

Ind

AUSTRALIA

Area: About 7.7 Msq kilometres

[nearly twice as large as India]

Population: [2008]

about 21 millions ( about 2%

of that of India)

Currency: Australian dollar

(AUD)

Longest River: Murray River

( 2520 km), Darling River

INDIA

Area: About 3.29 Msq-

kilometres

[Nearly half area as Australia]

Population: [2001census]

about 1,027millions

Currency: Indian rupees (INR)

Rivers: Ganga, Jamuna and

Brahmaputra in North;

Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna

and other small ones in

South

15

Primary Education: Literacy

Australia India

Years compulsory--to

age 16 in all states and

territories except New

South Wales and the

Northern Territory

where it is 15, and

Western Australia

where it is 17.

Literacy--over 99%.

Combined gross

enrolment ratio for

primary, secondary and

tertiary education, in

2005 was 63.8 (%) (hdi)

Dropout rates have

placed limits on large

number of children of

this country to receive

the light of literacy.

16

School Education in India

General Education of Youth and

Literacy and numeracy for the masses

17

General Structure of

School Education A uniform structure of

school education viz., the

10+2 system has been

adopted by all the States

and Union Territories of

India.

Primary Stage

Middle Stage

High School Stage

Higher Secondary Stage

Graduation Degree

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

India – Moving towards a lifelong learning

approach

The National Literacy Mission (NLM)

NLM was based on the 1986 National Policy on

Education. It was set up with the aim of imparting

functional literacy to 80 million [nearly 4 Aussi!] adults

in the 15-35 age group by 1988--1995.

It started with a mass campaign approach: the Total

Literacy Campaign (TLC), but has evolved into a

programme of adult education.

Literacy for youth and adults still remains its core, but

it is developing elements of lifelong learning for

increasingly large and diverse groups of participants.

37

38

39

Adult Illiteracy: Literacy and

numeracy

Implementation of this functional and instrumental concept of literacy varied greatly and often veered towards a conventional approach that focused more on the mechanics of recognising alphabets at a rudimentary level, rather than self-sufficiency in acquiring the tools for further learning and developing critical consciousness.

With over 300 million adults in illiteracy, India

accounted for about 40 per cent of the world‟s adult illiteracy.

40

The revised National Policy on

Education:1992

NLM combined Post- Literacy and Continuing Education (PL & CE) activities in order to consolidate and improve functional literacy skills of neo-literates.

The Post-Literacy Campaigns had three broad learning objectives – remediation, continuation and application.

A new scheme of Continuing Education, distinct from the previous PL & CE, was launched by NLM in 1997.

The aim was to provide learning opportunities to neo-literates on a continuing basis and to reinforce and widen the literacy skills for personal, social and economic improvement.

41

The Community Education Centre (CEC)

The Community Education Centre (CEC), the main delivery point of CE programmes, looked after by a Prerak (Animator), is meant to be a community-based centre with a library and reading room. It plans and carries out activities in training, information, culture, sports, communication and discussion forums for the communities it serves.

The CEC is seen as a permanent institution, located in a public place, open to all, and run with close community involvement.

42

key stakeholders of the CEC

The participants are neo-literates, mostly women, and the Panchayats (elected local self-government bodies) are regarded as key stakeholders of the CEC.

At district level the programme implementing agency is the Zila Shaksharta Samiti ( ZSS or District Literacy Society).

A registered society with a General Council and an Executive Committee, under the leadership of the district head of administration. It receives funds from the government and disburses funds to CECs on the basis of approved plans.

43

vocational and life enrichment

education A District Resource Unit (DRU), located in the

District Institute of Education and Training (DIET), and the State Resource Centre provide technical and academic support to the programme.

The Jan Shikshan Sansthan (People‟s Training Organisation), a district-level institution, often managed by an NGO, works with the ZSS to provide vocational and life enrichment education. It offers courses based on local market demands.

44

Districts with low education level

About a quarter of India‟s 600 districts which have a

low education level now each have a district literacy

society and a functioning adult education programme

under its auspices.

Although the NLM objectives and programmes are

conceptually linked to a broader approach to adult

and lifelong learning, the heavy burden of illiteracy

compels India to remain focused on narrow literacy

objectives, especially in seven of the 28 states which

account for 65 per cent of the total illiterate

population.

45

Remedy for low education level

It is in the same states that the national programme for primary education, Sarva Shisksha Abhiyan (Education for all Campaign), is weak and, therefore, continues to feed the pool of illiteracy.

This is so much so that the primary schools have been described as maintaining a system of „institutionalised sub-literacy.‟ (The Statesman, editorial, 22 August, 2006).

Other challenges relate to finding effective pathways

to address the multiple disadvantages of educationally-deprived populations who are living in extreme poverty, are largely low-caste or ethnic minorities, often in poor health, and women.

46

Education in India:

Role of Central & State Governments

The primary responsibility for school education

is borne by the state governments.

Therefore any policy changes must be with the

full participation and involvement of the States.

However, positive changes in systems of

schooling will require the active involvement of

the Central Government as well as State

Governments.

This is not only in the matter of providing

resources but also in promoting organizational

and other changes.

47

48

Expansion of

functional literacy in India

National Knowledge Commission (2008)

stressed a focus on expanding functional

literacy among the population.

Illiteracy remains a major problem, even

among the age-group 15-35 years.

Therefore literacy programmes must be

expanded rather than reduced, and given a

different focus that is directed towards

improving life skills and meeting felt needs,

especially (but not only) among the youth.

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

Organization about

education in Australia-1

School education - the Australian Technical Colleges, further investment in school education in Australia, financial assistance for reading tuition and flagpoles for schools.

Career development - career guidance, employability skills, skills shortages, career education quality, vocational education in schools, and goals for schooling.

Training and skills - language, literacy and numeracy; training and skills at school; skills shortages; and the Backing Australia's Ability package.

58

Organization about

education in Australia-2

Higher education - assuring quality, learning and teaching, rationalising responsibility for higher education.

Research Current - research quality, national research priorities, commercialisation, the infrastructure of national collaborative research.

International education - additional promotion and presence in overseas markets, quality assurance in onshore and offshore higher education, scholarships for high achieving students, international centres for excellence, a national centre for language training and the annual registration charge.

59

A Clever Country

Australia, as befits a developed prosperous society, has a well-developed education system with participation rates and secondary school completion rates among the highest in the world.

Australian governments at all levels are continually reviewing and reforming education and training to address the issues that arise from social and economic change.

Australian education attracts international attention and Australia is involved in co-operating with the development of educational programmes in a number of overseas countries.

60

Establishment of universities

The first Australian university was the University of Sydney, founded in 1850 in New South Wales.

Three years later the University of Melbourne was established by the Colony of Victoria.

By 1912 a university had been founded in each State: the University of Adelaide in South Australia in 1874, the University of Tasmania in 1890, the University of Queensland in 1909 and the University of Western Australia in 1911.

In 1946, the Commonwealth Parliament established the Australian National University in the nation‟s capital, Canberra.

61

Global education

Australia is internationally competitive in providing education and training both in Australia and offshore for students from outside Australia, known as overseas students.

Australian universities have expanded globally by creating offshore campuses, centres and programs.

Monash University, for example, has established campuses in Malaysia and South Africa as well as centres in the UK and Italy.

University courses are reflecting this global focus with programs being designed to cater for international students whether located within Australia or offshore.

62

Nobel Prize for Literature

Patrick White (1912–90): In 1973, Patrick White became the first Australian to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. He published 12 novels, two short-story collections, eight plays, and works of non-fiction. Widely regarded as one of the major English language novelists of the 20th century, he had a love–hate relationship with his home country.

Rabindranath Tagore(1861-1941) The Nobel Prize in Literature 1913. He was educated at home and England. In his mature years, he had many-sided literary activities, he managed the family estates, a project which brought increased interest in social reforms. He also started an experimental school at Shantiniketan where he tried his Upanishadic ideals of education.

63

Nobel Prize for Literature

White dealt with the

established themes of

Australian literature and was

inspired by Australians‟

relationship with the land. He

drew deeply from, and

illuminated, what he

described as the average,

boring, ordinary and ugly.

His major works include The

Aunt‟s Story (1948), The

Tree of Man (1955) and

Voss (1957).

Tagore wrote in all literary genres, but he was first of all a poet. He wrote fifty volumes of poetry: Sonar Tari (1894) [The Golden Boat], Gitanjali(1910) [Song Offerings], Gitimalya (1914) [Wreath of Songs], and Balaka (1916) [The Flight of Cranes]. Tagore wrote many plays; he was the author of several volumes of short stories and a number of novels, among them Gora(1910), Ghare-Baire (1916) [The Home and the World], and Yogayog (1929) [Crosscurrents].

64

Organisation for Economic Co-operation

and

Development (OECD)

Australia is one of the few countries belonging to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) where general government net debt has been eliminated.

According to the OECD‟s 2006 economic summary of Australia, living standards have steadily improved since the start of the 1990s and now surpass those of all the industrialized nations that form the Group of Eight except the United States.

65

Australian exports

Australian exports, which in 2007 totaled

$218 billion, are a mix of

minerals and

energy,

manufacturing,

rural products and services.

66

"The dynamism shown by India in the last 15 years is

phenomenal.” Paul Wolfowitz, President World Bank

67

Australia-India Complementarities

Apart from being the two biggest

democracies in the region, with a

free press, well established

institutions of government and

administration, and an

independent judicial system, we

share English as the main

language of commerce and

industry.

India is geographically part of

Australia's sphere of interest,

and is a significant international

actor with a growing interest in

and engagement with the Asia-

Pacific region.

It is well known that we are a Commonwealth of English speaking nations lead by the U.K.

Hence many inherited arenas of interaction include:

the English language, parliamentary

democracy and friendly competition on

the cricket and hockey fields.

Knowledge economy forHuman development.

6868

Australian Foreign Minister Stephen Smith compared

India and Australia's relationship

"Australia-India relation is like a Twenty20 game.

There are intense moments of enthusiasm and

then long periods of inactivity. We should now

convert this into a test match," Smith, who

confessed to being an ardent cricket and hockey

fan, told students at the St. Stephen's college in

the capital.

Twenty20 or T20 cricket involves two teams;

each has a single innings, batting for 20 overs.

Test cricket is however a longer form of the

game, played over five days.

6969

Oz and In Converging Relationship: Simon Crean

04.05.2010

Mr Simon Crean, Trade Minister of Australia who was on an

official visit to India to attend Joint Ministerial Meeting, while

addressing a CII organized seminar on “Strengthening India-

Australia Trade Relations” in here today, said that there exists

huge convergence of interests in India-Australia relationship

that includes multilateral level relations, Doha Round of talks,

common approach towards G-20, climate change, regional

relationship in Asia and at APEC. He said that the purpose of

his visit to India and interactions with the India business

community was also to put more substance to the strategic

relationship with India.

70

INDIA-AUSTRALIA

ECONOMIC RELATIONS

Australian coking coal, worth US$1.2 billion,

is used in more than 50 per cent of steel

produced in India;

Indian companies have purchased two

copper mines and three coal mines in

Australia. Indo-Australian Coal and Mining

Forum with their Indian counterparts to put in

place mechanisms to further deepen

commercial and technical linkages.

71

LNG_ a resource for India

• Liquefied Natural Gas [LNG], a relatively new

commodity for India, is another resources lynchpin in

our longer-term commercial relations. Australian LNG

was provided to India through spot sales.

• First Australia-India long-term LNG deal was

reached in August 2009.

• India's Petronet LNG signed a 20-year agreement

to take gas from the massive Gorgon project.

72

Australia-India Council (AIC)

The Australia-India Council's purpose is to

broaden the relationship between Australia

and India by encouraging and supporting

contacts and increasing levels of knowledge

and understanding between the peoples and

institutions of the two countries.

73

Ind-aussian promoting stronger collaboration

between Australia and Asia

Neville Roach was born in Bharuch, Gujarat, India; transferred to Australia in 1961 and has lived happily there ever since.

In April 2008, he was appointed Honorary NSW “Sydney ambassador to India” by the NSW Government.

Mr. Roach is also a Fellow of the Australian Computer Society and

Chairman Emeritus of the Australia India Business Council.

74

The Sir John Crawford lecture series

is organized jointly by the Australia-India

Council (AIC), the Australian High

Commission and the National Council of

Applied Economic Research (NCAER) to

commemorate the contributions of well-

known Australian scientist, the late Sir John

Crawford, who helped pioneer the Green

Revolution in India.

75

Australian Studies Fellowships for Indian

University Teaching Staff and Postgraduates

The Australian Studies Fellowships are a major

component of the Australian Studies program of the

Australia-India Council. The primary purpose of the

Fellowships is to more fully acquaint Indian scholars

with Australian Studies centres and programs in

Australia.

The Fellowships are managed by a consortium of

Universities, led by Monash University and consisting

of the Australian National University, the University of

New South Wales, the University of South Australia

and the University of Queensland.

76

Australia to play the India card now

Australia has much in common with India besides China

and Japan.

The idea of a shared Australia-China –Japan economic

enterprise has taken earlier hold of Oz consciousness.

India seems more ready now that the cultural bonds are

great.

77

High Commission India

High Commission

address: Australian

The High Commission

of Australia,

1/50 G Shantipath,

Chanakyapuri –

Telephone: 4139 9900 -

Fax: 4149 4490

High Commission

address: Indian

The High Commission of

India

3/5 Moonah Place

Yarralumla,

ACT - 2600

78

Australian Renewable Energy Website

This site is published by the Australian

Greenhouse Office to promote the use of

renewable energy and develop the Australian

Renewable Energy Industry

79

rural electrification technologies

Australian federal and state governments have

undertaken several initiatives which have

facilitated the adoption of new rural electrification

technology including demonstration projects,

measures to address cross-subsidies for rural

electricity, promotional activity and measures to

encourage electricity utility involvement, including

reform of the electricity industry.

Several lessons have been learnt from these

initiatives.

80

Understanding Australia

The Understanding Australia website offers

international students, visitors and

backpackers information about the continent

and its people. (English)

81

Consumption of 'Asian-ness' in Australia:

Culture, Class and Capital_ Naomi Smith

In the 1990s it was the zenith of Australia‟s

‘Asian Turn’; Asia was no longer seen as

dirty, diseased, and with teeming masses; to

the contrary, past hostile stereotypes were

exchanged for more palatable versions

incorporating style, timeless beauty, upwardly

mobile and technologically savvy people,

business opportunities, Confucian capitalism

and Asian values.

82

Understanding Australiaoffers international students, visitors and backpackers

informationabout the continent and its people.

For many, Australia means blue seas and white beaches, an arid Red Centre, koalas and kangaroos.

However there's much more to the country than tourist brochure images.

For example, Australia has one of the most diverse populations in the

world. One quarter of the people who live here were born

elsewhere. And while the weather can get hot,

the mountains are covered with snow in winter, andthe climates of most cities are mild.

As for the famed wide-open spaces, they're there of course, but around eighty per cent of people live in cities or towns.

83

Understanding Australia

Understanding Australia contains information on how

Australians live, work and spend their leisure; how

they view their institutions and civic responsibilities;

and how they see their place in the world.

The Frequently-Asked Questions page answers

queries about everything from public transport to

party-going.

This website is also available in Hindi and Chinese

(simplified and traditional). Use the links on the right

hand side of every page to switch to a different

language

84

Australia-India Focus

www.aibc.org.au/newsletter/htm

www.dfat.gov.au/aic

Subscription to Australia-India Focus is free.

To receive Australia-India Focus by email,

simply provide your Email Address, Name

and Mailing Address to: [email protected]

The Australia-India Focus newsletter is

produced bi-monthly by the Australia-India

Council and the Australia India Business

Council. Please direct your editorial enquiries

to [email protected]

85

Australian studies / Indian studies

The objective of the education program is to increase knowledge and understanding in Australia of India, and in India of Australia, through the education sectors in each country.

The Australian studies component aims to promote, through support for Australian studies in Indian universities and schools, an informed understanding of Australian society and politics. The Australian studies program also seeks to demonstrate Australian excellence in all fields of Endeavour.

The Indian studies component aims to promote, through support of Indian studies in Australian universities and schools, an informed understanding of Indian society and politics.

86

National Anthem

Advance Australia Fair

Australians all let us rejoice,

For we are young and free;

We‟ve golden soil and wealth for toil;

Our home is girt by sea;

Our land abounds in nature‟s gifts

Of beauty rich and rare;

In history‟s page, let every stage

Advance Australia Fair.

In joyful strains then let us sing,

Advance Australia Fair.

Beneath our radiant Southern Cross

Jana Gana Mana

O! Dispenser of India's destiny,

thou art the ruler of the

minds of all people

Thy name rouses the hearts

of Punjab, Sindh, Gujarat,

the Maratha country,

in the Dravida country,

Utkala and Bengal;

It echoes in the hills of the

Vindhyas and Himalayas,

it mingles in the rhapsodies

of the pure waters of

Yamuna and Ganga

87

National Anthem

Advance Australia Fair

We‟ll toil with hearts and hands;

To make this Commonwealth of

ours

Renowned of all the lands;

For those who‟ve come across

the seas

We‟ve boundless plains to

share;

With courage let us all combine

To Advance Australia Fair.

In joyful strains then let us sing,

Advance Australia Fair.

Jana Gana Mana

They chant only thy name.

They seek only thy auspicious

blessings.

They sing only the glory of thy

victory.

The salvation of all people waits

in thy hands,

O! Dispenser of India's destiny,

thou art the ruler of the minds

of all people

Victory to thee, Victory to thee,

Victory to thee,

Victory, Victory, Victory, Victory to

thee!

88

Coat of arms

The Australian coat of arms was

granted by King George V in 1912. It

consists of a shield containing the

badges of the six Australian states,

symbolising federation, and the national

symbols of the golden wattle, the

kangaroo and the emu. By popular

tradition, the kangaroo is accepted as

the national animal emblem. The golden

wattle, Acacia pycnantha Benth, was

proclaimed the national floral emblem

in August 1988.

89

Tiger: India’s endangered species

90

AUSTRALIA STUDIES: the National Centre for

Australian Studies, Monash University, Melbourne,

Australia.