tahanan dan propulsi harvald edit robi

8/18/2019 Tahanan Dan Propulsi Harvald Edit Robi

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PERHITUNGAN TAHANAN KAPAL

DENGAN METODE GULDHAMMER E HARVALD

DATA UTAMA KAPAL

Type cargoPrincipal Dimension

Lpp : !"# m $m% &"'()

L*l : +"+# m $p% &"!&,

- : !"! m

H : &"# m

T : (".# m

$/ : &"!!

Vs : + Kno0 % #"!+( m1s:

Vol2me Displacemen0 345

4 % L6is7 - 7 T 7 $/

% ('"'!7)7#".7&"!

% .(#"!,+.))+ Displacemen0 385

8 % 4 7 9 6imana : 9 % "&+,

% )#",!'#,+# 0on

. L2as Perm2aan -asa; 3


2/46


3/46

a6ala; se/agai /eri20 :

* % &", $/ B &"&,

% &"..,

. T;r2s0 De62c0ioin @a0or 305

0 % 7 * 6imana nilai an0ara &"! B &"' pa6a perencanaan ini 6iam/il

% &"+#( % &"(

)


4/46

A6anya pengar2; sis0em ro6a gigi 0ransmisi 3G5 pa6a 02gas ini memaai sis0em ro6a

gigi re62si 02nggal a0a2 single re62c0ion gears 6engan losses + 2n02 ara; maF2

se;ingga G %&"'(

-HPscr %


5/46

PERHITUNGAN TAHANAN KAPAL ProFec0 : PKM+

Doc" No : )+&)&&+'B&

ENGAN METODE GULDHAMMER DAN HARVAL ReC" No : &&

Halaman :

II.1.2 Pemeriksaan terhadap kavitasi

Per;i02ngan aCi0asi sanga0la; 6iperl2anse/a/ apa/ila 0erFa6i aCi0asi pa6a propelleraan menye/a/an 2rang op0imalnya erFa 6ari propeller 6an 6alam Fanga *a02 0er0en02

6apa0 menye/a/an 6amage a0a2 er2saan pa6a propeller i02 sen6iri ma2p2n pa6a /o6y apal

6isei0ar 6a2n propeller"

parame0erBprame0er yang 6i/202;an a6ala;:


6/46

&"' &"!+ +("('# ,& ).("(,,

Y $en0er line e Trailling E6ge iri

ara cen0er line e /agian propeller yang 0er0inggal a0a2 /agian iri gam/ar

nilainya masingBmasing 2n02 Fara /agi FariBFari propeller a6ala; se/agai /eri20:

R

r cen0erline e 0railling

L/ 3mm5&"+ +'"( +,#"+

&". ..".+ +'+"),

&") .!".& .+!".'

&", )&"!( .,!"'. l

&"# )."'+ .(,")'

&"! )#"#( )&'"!

&"( )("., )+)".!

&"' )!"&& )+",+

Y $en0er line e Lea6ing E6ge anan

ara cen0er line e /agian propeller yang men6a;2l2i 3yang memeca; air5 a0a2 /agian

anan gam/ar nilainya masingBmasing 2n02 Fara /agi FariBFari propeller a6ala; se/agai

/eri20:

R

r cen0erline e lea6ing

L/ 3mm5

&"+ )#"'& )"#,

&". ,+"#) )#+"&.

&") ,#".+ )')"..

&", ,!"#& ,&,",#

&"# ,#"&( )'+"++

&"! ,")& ),")

&"( )"#, .#,",!

&"' +,"., +++",&

[ PanFang To0al Elemen0

R

PanFang To0al

L/ 3mm5

&"+ !#"&( ##!"!#

&". (,"'# !,)")(&") '."#+ (+"!

&", '(".( (#.")'

&"# &&"&& (!!"!

&"! '("&( (#&"(#

&"( '&"&& !('"')

&"' !+"., #.,"&+

Y ara Or6ina0 0e/al masim2m 6ari Lea6ing E6ge

ara Ini 6i22r 6ari lea6ing e6ge yang paling anan sen6iri 6ari gam/ar ese/ela; sisi iri

3le0a 0i0i ini 0er6apa0 pa6a Fara $en0er line e Lea6ing E6ge5"

R

r Ma7 6r Or6 LE

Or6

&"+ ., .&!"'(!

&". ., .&!"'(!&") ., .&!"'(!

&", .,", .",(#!+

&"# .("' .)")+((+

&"! ))". .(("(+,

&"( )!"' )+&")++#)

&"' ,& ).("(,),.

\ Ke0e/alan masim2m /la6e 0iap elemen

e0e/alan masim2m ini 0erle0a pa6a Fara or6ina0 0e/al masim2m 6ari lea6ing e6ge

6an mer2paan 0i0i nol nilainya 2n02 0iap elemen a6ala;:

R

Te/al Da2n Ma7

D 0 Ma7

&"+ ."## )#"((!

&". ."+) .&"&. B)&"!'

&") +"(+ ."!,

&", +") '#".'

&"# "'( !'")#.


7/46

R

Pi0c; Dis0ri/20ion

P1+] mm

&"+ (+"+ .#!"!#

&". (("! .'#"!'.

&") ', )+)"'!,

&", ''"+ ))."!#)&"# && ))!".).

&"! && ))!".).

&"( && ))!".).

&"' && ))!".).

\ ara Or6ina0 0e/al propeller 6ari or6ina0 masim2m

araBFara yang 0ela; i0a ;i02ng 6ia0as 0erse/20 6imana 2F2ng Trailing E6ge e 0i0i

nol 30empa0 6imana e0e/alan masim2m /era6a5 6an 0i0i nol e 2(F2ng Lea6ing E6ge

6i/agi menFa6i lima /agian yang sama 6imana nan0inya menFa6i 0i0iB0i0 +& )& sampai &&"

\ Or6ina0 -ac

-ac Trailing E6ge a6ala; /agian propeller yang /iasa 6ise/20 p2ngg2ng propeller"

ELEMENT O@ -LADE R%&+ M -LADE ELEMEN % )#"((#(.'

A/sis

Trailing E6ge Lea6ing E6ge

0 Ma7 Or63mm5 0 Ma7 Or63mm5

&& B B B B

', B B ,#"', (."#,+&,)#

'& B B #)"., ')",+#(

(& ,."., !(".#)+( !)") &'"+(.(&(

#& !+"#, "!.+' (! +!"!',,

)& (#"' +!"#))## ')", .("(&(+

+& '#"), )"#!+.# '("# ))"(.&)+.

+ ELEMENT O@ -LADE R%&. M -LADE ELEMEN % .&"&.&'!+

A/sisTrailing E6ge Lea6ing E6ge


&& B B B B

', B B ,)"' !".(!&&.,

'& B B #+"#, (")#))&.'

(& ,&"', ##"+,&!( !+", ')"+!+),)#

#& !"# '."&+!# (,"( ",##,!)

)& (#"( +"(##(( ') ++"++')

+& '#"( +,"(#''( '(") +!"',&)!#

. ELEMENT O@ -LADE R%&) M -LADE ELEMEN % ."!,&,

A/sis



&& B B B B', B B ,+"+ ,'"&!!)&)'

'& B B #&", #("&!)(+,!

(& )!"! ,."'(),+, !&") !'"#!,+!)

#& !&"+, !'",&,, ()". ',")#.#

)& (#",, '!"',.&,. '."+, &,",.,!(#

+& '! &'"!!'(, '("+ ".!',.

) ELEMENT O@ -LADE R%&, M -LADE ELEMEN % '#".'+.()

A/sis



&& B B B B

', B B )("# )#"()''

'& B B ,#"( ,)"!&'.+!)

(& ).") )"(&+,)' #!"! #,"+&(+))

#& #(") #,"((+.,' (+". !'"+!&!..+

)& (#" (+"'.&(#) '+") (("''('!#.


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(& )&"+ ."'))+!, #."# ,&",.(!&))

#& #!", ,.".,'#,) !'"., #."&,)(,)

)& (,") #!"(#!' '"+, !+",&.+#!

+& '#"( !#"'+&,)) '(" !!"',.,#!#

# ELEMENT O@ -LADE R%&! M -LADE ELEMEN % #+"#&!,&,

A/sis



&& B B B B

', B B ., +"'+#+#!

'& B B ))"+ +!"#!+,!+

(& .'") +)"##!.,! ,! .,"#(#+!!(

#& ##"' )"(())+ !)"' )#"('.&++

)& ()"' ,.",.!!+ (("( ,,",',)#))

+& '#"#, #&",&,) '!"# #"&)'+)(

! ELEMENT O@ -LADE R%&( M -LADE ELEMEN % ),"!,#.(+

A/sis



&& B B B B

', B B +,"), "#).!''

'& B B .)",, ,"(&!'

(& )&"', ("!.,+'# )("+, ++"&!,#,,

#& #!"( ."&'# #("! .")..!,,

)& (,". .'"&+#)! (,". .'"&+#)!)

+& '#"! ))"+)(.) '! ))".!'&('

( ELEMENT O@ -LADE R%&' M -LADE ELEMEN % +("(',!!,

A/sis



&& B B B B

', B B ++ #".,!'!.

'& B B .&" ("#'!#+!+.(& ),", ."&)#)) ),", ."&)#))&(

#& !& +&"++!&) !& +&"++!&)&

)& (! +,".'.+ (! +,".'.++

+& '! +("&+(('( '! +("&+(('()

\ @ace Trailing E6ge a6ala; /agian propeller yang /iasa 6ise/20 m2a propeller"

ELEMENT O@ -LADE R%&+ M -LADE ELEMEN % )#"((#(.'

A/sis



&& .& ))"#&,+ )& ,("!,)!.,)

', B B +#"+ .(")().,!'& B B +&". +'"((&+(+

(& ("+ +#"!..)&, ."), '"!,#+!'(

#& &"' #"&#, ,"' ("###.+.)(

)& ,"), ("&&,..+! +". .".!(.'!+'

+& ",, +"+!#!)# &"), &"##&''&!!

+ ELEMENT O@ -LADE R%&. M -LADE ELEMEN % .&"&.&'!+

A/sis



&& +,"., .+"'#+(, .!",, )("(+##+''

', B B ++"+ +("(##(!,!

'& B B #",, +",+&+,(

(& +"+ ,"(#.!!' &"(, )"&(.#&)

#& ,"( !",)!'#) )"# ,"'()+)!

)& "! +"+&,+#, ". "#'&)&+#.

+& B B &"&, &",&,)'


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#& B B +"#, +"''')&+'

)& B B &". &"..',+,.+

+& B B B B

) ELEMENT O@ -LADE R%&, M -LADE ELEMEN % '#".'+.()

A/sisTrailing E6ge Lea6ing E6ge


&& ("', ("#+&,!( .&") +'"+(&)(,

', B B .". +"(&),(!

'& B B ("), (".('!,#)

(& "!, "#(,,(#! )". )")!+!+,

#& B B &"! &"#!)+.)#!

)& B B B B

+& B B B B

, ELEMENT O@ -LADE R%&# M -LADE ELEMEN % !'")#..!!

A/sis



&& B B +)", '")!

', B B (") #"#!

'& B B )"), .",)

(& B B &"( &"#)

#& B B B B

)& B B B B

+& B B B B

# ELEMENT O@ -LADE R%&! M -LADE ELEMEN % #+"#&!,&,

A/sis



&& B B #"&, &"&)(,&),

', B B +"), ",..((.(!

'& B B &") &"+,&).&&+

(& B B B B#& B B B B

)& B B B B

+& B B B B

R

Ra6i2s o Noise in

o Diame0er

D mm

&"+ &", )"#,

&". &"&, )"+)

&") &"&', ."(.

&", &"&(, .")

&"# &"&! +"(&'&"! &"&,, +"+&!

&"( &"&) "#&,

&"' &"&) "#&,

TIP &"&) "#&,

BAB IVPERENANAAN P!R!" PR!PE##ER DAN PER#EN$%APANN&A

I Perencaan Poros

Perencaan Diame0er Poros Propeller 3Ds5

Perencanaan Diame0er Poros Propeller men2r20 -22 Elemen Mesin Ir"


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[ $/ : @a0or -e/an Len02r

% 3Ti6a mengalami len02ran5

% "+ B +". 3engalami Len02ran5

Diam/il : $/ % +

[ T : Momen P2n0ir 3gmm5

Langa; Per;i02ngan a6ala; se/agai /eri20 :a Daya Perencanaan 3P65

Dimana :

Daya Perencanaan 35

@a0or Koresi Daya

"+ B +"& 3Daya masim2m5

&"( B "+ 3Daya ra0aBra0a5

"& B ", 3Daya normal5

Diam/il % "+ 3Daya Normal5


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@ % @a0or 2n02 0ipe ins0alasi penggera 2n02 propeller

% && 2n02 sem2a 0ipe ins0alasi

K % a0or 0ipe poros % ",


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-KI menyaranan ;arga emiringan onis /erisar an0ara 1+ sampai 1+& %

Diam/il 31,5 Un02 m

31#5 % 71L/ 0e/al lens %

7 % 1, 7 L/ %

7 % 6iame0er %

7 % ,."+' mm %

3-KIPera02ran -KI Vol III 0a;2n +&&&5

) Diame0er UF2ng Konis

Da % Ds B +7

% Ds B 35

% +'."& mm

3TOb-rien T;e Design o Marine scre* Propeller5

, Diame0er L2ar Pengia0 -oss

-KI menyaranan ;arga 6iame0er l2ar pengia0 /oss a0a2 D2 0i6a

/ole; 2rang 6ari #& 6iame0er poros"

D2 % #& 7 Ds

% &# 7

% +.'"(&,' mm

3-KIPera02ran -KI Vol III 0a;2n +&&&5

IV Perencanaan Pasa Propeller


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Ta % -13


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Lonis 3+, B ,5 7 Ds 6iam/il ,

, 7 Ds

,''",+'!) mm

/ Kemiringan Konis

Un02 onis opling yang 0i6a 0erlal2 panFang maa 6irencaan nilai 0eren6a;nya

2n02 meng;i02ng emiringan : 31&5 7 Lonis

31&5 7 Lonis

,'"',+'!) mm

,."((.!'(

c Diame0er 0erecil 2F2ng onis

Da Ds B +7

+!'"!!+!+ mm

6 Diame0er l2ar opling

Do20 3. B ,(5 7 Ds 6iam/il .

Do20 ) 7 Ds

''"&+,', mm

e Diame0er lingaran /a20 opling

D/ +")! 7 Ds

'(!"'(&. mm

PanFang opling

Lopling 3+, B ,,5 7 Ds 7 &, 6iam/il )",

(''"+#')# mm

+ panFang pasa

d


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d Ra6i2s 2F2ng pasa

R% &&+, 7 Ds

)"'',')), mm

d L2as /i6ang geser3A5

A% &+, 7 Ds+

.''.,"&(', mm+d Penampang pasa 3Ao5

Ao% - 7 T

##,,"()(+# mm+

d Ke6alaman 2lir pasa pa6a poros 305

0% ,&(' 7 T

.."(''+( mm

d Ke6alaman 2lir pasa pa6a na 30+5

0+% T B 0

.+"!.)+)# mm

d PanFang pasa a0i

PanFang pasa a0i mas26nya panFang pasa yang a0i menerima /e/an Fia pa6a

/oss propeller 0erse/20 0er6apa0 l2/ang bLnb maa panFang pasa se/enarnya a6ala;:

Li% L = Ln

!,'".(. mm

d Per;i02ngan 2n02 meng;in6ari er2saan perm2aan samping pasa yang 6ise/a/an

ole; 0eanan /i6ang

Dalam ;al ini 0eanan perm2aan P3g1mm+5 a6ala;

P% @13L 7 303a0a250+55

+"!&(),,' g1mm+

se6angan 2n02 meng;in6ari er2saan perm2aan 2n02 poros 6engan

6iame0er yang /esar 3&&mm5 a6ala; Pa% & g1mm+

arena ;arga PPa maa 6imensi 0erse/20 memen2;i syara0

Y Diame0er l2ar opling

DsX% &!, 7 Ds

+'"(+)+) mm

Y "edan+kan menurut B%I 2,,, vol III diameter -d / diameter konis yan+ 0e

6 ` +.'"( mm

6 +++

6alam ;al ini 6iam/il +++ mm arena le/i; aman Fa2; 6ari 6 yang 6iperl2an

Y Diame0er 2lir 6alam

6% &( 7 DsX

!!"# mm

Y Diame0er 2lir l2ar

6+% &, 7 3D< = DsX5

''"(& mm

Y Diame0er L2ar M2r .+"#!!++ +."!&'!))(

Do% + 7 DsX

).'"#)+()! mm

Y Tinggi M2r

H% &# 7 DsX

."('+(,) mm

) -a20

a 2mla; /a20 opling 6irencanaan # /2a;

/ ara an0ara /a20

D% +, 7 DsX

,)'",,.,,' mm

c -a20 pengia0 pa6a poros 0er;a6ap opling


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Tinggi M2r 3H5

Maa H % 3&"( 7 5 7 D

D% ..")..() mm H % +#"!.&,

+' mm

-A- VII

PEREN$ANAAN -ANTALAN DAN RUMAH -ANTALAN

Menen02an -an0alan

-er6asaran -KI +&&& Col III sec0ion IV D<

a -a;an /an0alan yang 6ig2naan : ;i0e me0al

/ PanFang /an0alan /elaang% + 7 Ds

!''".,.+ mm

c PanFang /an0alan 6epan% ! 7 Ds

#!'"))(&.! mm

6 Te/al /an0alan

Men2r20 -KI +&&& Col III 0e/al /an0alan ee0i a6ala; se/agai /eri20Z

-% 33Ds1.&57.!,5

)+"+'('! mm

e ara masim2m /earing yang 6iiFinan an0ara /an0alan

l ma7% 7 3Ds531+5

Dimana % ),& 32n02 pel2masan minya5

(''#".)## mm

+ -2s; -earing

a -a;an -2s; -earing yang 6ig2naan a6ala; manganese /rone

/ Te/al -2s; -earing

T/% &( 7 Ds

!"'),,! mm 3&"&.765=!",

'")'&+# 6iam/il '

-A- VIIIPERHITUNGAN -AGIAN -URITAN

PERHITUNGAN TA-UNG PORO<

PanFang 0a/2ng poros

men2r20 -KI +&&& Vol III panFang 0a/2ng poros a6ala; se/agai /eri20Z

L0s% ) 7 @s

Dimana @s a6ala; @rame


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+&."# mm

+ Te/al 6in6ing /oss 6ari propeller pos0

/% &# 7 0

+"('# mm

. PEREN$ANAAN GUARD

Perencanaan gam/ar 2n02 g2ar6 a6ala; se/agai /eri20:

PanFang g2ar6

+ Le/ar g2ar6

. Te/al g2ar6


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!,",&!(

-)")& &#)ƞ

KT Kh

& & &"+,&" &", &"+.,

&"+ &".+ &"'

& . & )) & !


19/46

"+ & &

". & &

") & &

", & &

"# & &

V< no0 V< m1s RTn * PE

& & & &

&", &"+,!+ &"..!.'+ &"&(#!!!

&",)) "+#,' &"#,()

", &"!!# +"!,#, +"+.)#

+ "&+(( )"!!'&,# )"'##'.

+", "+(# !"..(+! '").#')#

. ",).+ &")+!# #"&(+(#

.", "(&&) )"&+.') +,"+)(!

) +"&,!# (")&&! .!".+,&

)", +".)( ++"!##' ,+"#''!

, +",!+ +!"('((' !"!,,',

,", +"(+'+ ..",.,+ ')"(!!!'

# ."&(#) .'"#!+)! ++")),

#", .".).# )#".&(.+ ,)"(.#, !,",&!(

! ."#&&( ,.")) '+")+('

!", ."(,( #"!.# +.,",'!'

( )",+ #'"(#!! +()"!!)

(", )".!+) !!"!'!( .)&"#&)

' )"#+'# (#"('!&. )&+"+'(,

'", )"((#( '#")()(( )!",&+.

& ,")) ",,') ,)("))

&", ,")&+ !"'+ #.+",()) ,"#,() +("#.. !+,"''

", ,"',# .'"#'&. (+#".,++

+ #"!+( ,"#'') '.#")

+", #"). #)"(') &,,"!.(

. #"#(!+ !!",'. ()"!

.", #"'))) '&"#&(. .+."##

) !"+&# +&)",.,) )!+"'(+

)", !"),(( +("'.'' #.."&+'

, !"!# +.."(+&( (&)"#


20/46


21/46

)enis PropDP -P N -RP* N.Prop -RP* Vs -knot Va -knot Bp1 31456.7Bp1)")& +') '&& +& &".., + !"'( ."+)#++ ,.64)",, +') '&& + &".., + !"'( .",# ,.68,"#& +') '&& ++ &".., + !"'( ."!##'' ,.68

)enis Prop 9 Ae:Ao Ao Ae Ad ; Ae Va -m:s D&305 D0-c hitun+an ? ,.4R 'c 0urril %avitasi @)")& ))".##, +"&& +'("),+ #!"(&+! &"&. "&) &"+) tidak kavitasi)",, )'"#).) +"&+ +,.")). #!"(&+! &"&. "++ &"+) tidak kavitasi,"#& #."+),! +"&. +('".&' #!"(&+! &"&+ &"#, &"' tidak kavitasi

/,"#&

N '! -P p ;&16 S D305 D3m5

(& !!"# +&"(,'' #,"+ &"(+ )( )"!#. )")''!#+

&& '! +,"+.+)' #+", &"!+ !& .",## )".)'!

+& #") .&"+!('' #" &"! (+ +"&. ."#(('') )".#!)

)& .,"( .,".+,)' ,'", &"## ', ", .".(!(,+ ."!').')

#& ,,"+ )&".!'( & &

(& !)"# ),")()( & &

+&& ') ,&")#)'( & &

++& +.") ,,",)( & &

+)& +.+"( #&",,!'( & &

0

P:D0


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28/46

0 Propeller

L2ar 2lir

&"# 7 Ds

+.'"( mm

in0i

&"( 7 6


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'"() mm

nam/a; e2a0an m2r g2na mena;an /e/an asial 6irencanaan Fenis m2r yang 6ig2naan mengg2naan lens pa6a sala; sa02 2F2ngnya 6engan 6imen

&"+ 7 6iame0er m2r

)!"'# mm

", 7 6iame0er m2r

.,'"!


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Data Propeller :

Rt (kN) 662.5205072293

Type B4.40 α 4600.8368557587

η 66.5 β 0.953423

P/D 0.72Diaeter () 3.658

N Prop (rp) !40

Data Mesin Jenis : wartsila

Type : 9L20

Cylinder : 4 Strokes

Daya Max : 100 k! "D#$%0& "p

J'l(Sylinder : 9

)ore : 200 ''

*iston Stroke : 20 ''+*M : 1000 +*M

M,* : 2-(. /ar

ratio = #D$%/0&+*M

10

12


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0

2

0 2

0

2

10

12


37/46

Ta'el T* +lea, "-ll

* *2 T Ttrial

0.0 0.00 0 0

0.! 0.0! 0.009534225! 0.0!096436

0.2 0.04 0.038!369005 0.04385744

0.3 0.09 0.085808026! 0.09867923

0.4 0.!6 0.!5254760!9 0.!7542974

0.5 0.25 0.238355628 0.274!0897

0.6 0.36 0.343232!044 0.3947!692

0.7 0.49 0.467!7703! 0.53725359

0.8 0.64 0.6!0!904078 0.70!7!897

0.9 0.8! 0.7722722349 0.888!!307

!.0 !.00 0.9534225!22 !.09643589

!.! !.2! !.!5364!2397 !.32668743

!.2 !.44 !.3729284!75 !.57886768

!.3 !.69 !.6!!2840456 !.85297665

!.4 !.96 !.868708!238 2.!490!434!.5 2.25 2.!452006524 2.46698075

!.6 2.56 2.44076!63!! 2.80687588

P/D' 0.7!perpoto,a, *

perpoto,a, T

* T !0 η0 0.29 0.3 0 0.5 0 0.!07

0.! 0.26 0.28 0.!6 0.5 0.!2 0.!07

0.2 0.232 0.26 0.3! 0.5 0.!5 0.!07

0.3 0.202 0.24 0.45 0.5 0.3 0.!07

0.4 0.!72 0.2!2 0.54 0.5 0.4 0.!07

0.5 0.!4 0.!8 0.6! 0.5 0.5 0.!07

0.6 0.095 0.!42 0.63 0.5 0.58 0.!07

0.7 0.052 0.! 0.57 0.5 0.67 0.!07

0.8 0.0!2 0.052 0.23 0.5 0.!07

0.82 0 0.042 0 0.5 0.!07

0.9 0 0 0.5 0.!07

0(0 0(1 0(2 0(. 0( 0(5 0(

0

0(5

1

1(5

2

2(5.

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T

10

3

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10 12


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parpoto,a, !0 perpoto,a, 11

0.!4 0.6!

0.!4 0.6!

0.!4 0.6!

0.!4 0.6!

0.!4 0.6!

0.!4 0.6!

0.!4 0.6!

0.!4 0.6!

0.!4

0.!4

0.!4

0(- 0( 0(9 1(0 1(1 1(2 1(. 1( 1(5 1(

iagram KT - J

0

J

0 0(2 0( 0( 0( 1 1(2

0

0(1

0(2

0(.

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0(

0(-

0(


40/46


41/46

Col6'n #

103

e4

T 7lean 86ll

Col6'n M

perpotonan T

perpotonan 10

3

perpotonan e4


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43/46

! k,ot !.!5 il/a

!!k,'ot !2.65 il/a

arak 80!2 il

akt- tep- 633.3597 a

26.38999 ari


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Data : ket al-e at

a -tk 4 troke 0.685

-tk 2 troke 0.77!

' -tk 4 troke 0.055 -tk 2 troke 0.058

l ili,er 7

! ! -,t-k tk,a, kera a; ri 'otol2 -ara tart ! % l-e lka torak ! ili,er !0.74!5 liter

teka,a, kera e1ekti1 ala ili,er 24.473!9

74 rp

" langa; 0ora mesin 3!

D 6iame0er silin6er mesin 2!

p 0eanan erFa masim2m 6i 6lm 26ara /o0ol s0ar0 30

"it-,a,

* kapaita total 'otol2 -ara tart 8.!82834 liter

kapaita kopreor -ara 292.!272 liter/a

P


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ket at

k@

rp

"

'ar

liter

>at-a,

at

at

k/a

k./k

"P

ko+/k

k/3

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