TABLE 11-1Summary of full-scale stabilizationsites

FIGURE 11-2

Typical waste solidification project.

FIGURE 11-3

Organic waste encapsulated in binder matrix.

FIGURE 11-4

Organic waste adsorbed to an organophilic clay

FIGURE 11-5

Portland cement reactions.

FIGURE 11-6

Schematic representation of cement hydration.

FIGURE 11-7

Montmorillonitic clay structure.

FIGURE 11-8

Organically modified clay structure.

FIGURE 11-9

Stabilization effectiveness of organically modified clay. Claytone 40 is an organically modified clay from Southern Clay Products Inc. Bentonite and attapulgite are processed, naturally occurring clays. Mix 30 has a larger bentonite content than mix 17.

FIGURE 11-10

Effect of organically modified clay. PT-1 and P40 are organically modified clay from Bentec Inc.

FIGURE 11-11

Effect of quaternary amine on organophilic clay.

FIGURE 11-12

In situ vitrification.

FIGURE 11-13

GeoMelt/SV system schematic.

FIGURE 11-14

Pocket penetrometer evaluating a stabilized waste.

FIGURE 11-15

Unconfined compression strength test.

FIGURE 11-16

Unconfined compression and organic waste stabilization.

FIGURE 11-17

Consolidation test schematic.

FIGURE 11-18

Idealized consolidation behavior.

FIGURE 11-19

Consolidation test results.

FIGURE 11-20

Triaxial permeability test schematic (modified from Evans and Fang, 1988).

FIGURE 11-21

Triaxial permeability test results.

FIGURE 11-22

In situ mixing process with modified augers.

FIGURE 11-23

Schematic of an in situ mixing process with modified augers.

FIGURE 11-24

Typical jet grouting systems.

FIGURE 11-25

Remote process batch mixing.

FIGURE 11-27

Layout of jet grout columns.