table of decisionstable of decisions 909 copyright © 2020. american immigration lawyers...

907 Copyright © 2020. American Immigration Lawyers Association. All rights reserved.

TABLE OF DECISIONS Litigating Immigration Cases in Federal Court, 5th Edition

A A–A–, Matter of, 20 I&N Dec. 492 (BIA 1992) . . . ..................................................................... 720 A–B–, Matter of, 27 I&N Dec. 316 (AG 2018) . . . ...................................................................... 697 Abbassi v. INS, 143 F.3d 513 (9th Cir. 1998) . . . ........................................................ 106, 107, 853 Abbott v. Abbott, 560 U.S. 1 (2010) . . . ....................................................................................... 816 Abbott Labs. v. Gardner, 387 U.S. 136 (1967) . . . ...... 15, 39–42, 83, 515, 516, 527, 623, 625, 648 Abboud v. INS, 140 F.3d 843 (9th Cir. 1998) . . . ............................................... 15, 17, 75, 157, 557 Abdelfattah v. Department of Homeland Sec., 488 F.3d 178 (3d Cir. 2007) . . . ......................... 777 Abdelghany, Matter of, 26 I&N Dec. 254 (BIA 2014) . . . ........................................................... 735 Abdelhamid v. Ilchert, 774 F.2d 1447 (9th Cir. 1985) . . . ................................................... 425, 534 Abdel-Masieh v. INS, 73 F.3d 579 (5th Cir. 1996) . . . ................................................................. 130 Abdelwahab v. Frazier, 578 F.3d 817 (8th Cir. 2009) . . . ................................................... 152, 539 Abdi v. Nielsen, 287 F. Supp. 3d 327 (W.D.N.Y. 2018) . . . .......................................... 71, 471, 505 Abdisalan v. Holder, 774 F.3d 517 (9th Cir. 2014) . . . .................................................. 97, 348, 688 Abdur-Rahman v. Napolitano, 814 F. Supp. 2d 1087 (W.D. Wash. 2010) . . . ............ 173, 487, 554 Abdur-Rahman v. Napolitano, 868 F. Supp. 2d 1158 (W.D. Wash. 2012) . . . ............................ 886 Abebe v. Gonzales, 432 F.3d 1037 (9th Cir. 2005) . . . .......................................................... 58, 110 Abela v. Gustafson, 888 F.2d 1258 (9th Cir. 1989) . . . ........................................................ 863, 882 Abourezk v. Reagan, 785 F.2d 1043 (D.C. Cir. 1986), aff'd, 484 U.S. 1 (1987) . . . ... 560, 561, 616, ............................................................................................................... 626, 634, 635, 642 Aboushaban v. Mueller, 475 F. Supp. 2d 943 (N.D. Cal. 2007) . . . ............................................ 880 Abovian v. INS, 219 F.3d 972 (9th Cir. 2000), reh'g denied, 257 F.3d 971 (2001) . . . ................ 160 Abramski v. U.S., 573 U.S. 169, 134 S. Ct. 2259, 189 L. Ed. 2d 262 (2014) . . . ................. 685, 686 Abudu; INS v., 485 U.S. 94 (1988) . . . ........................................................................................ 392 Abu Hasirah v. Department of Homeland Sec., 478 F.3d 474 (2d Cir. 2007) . . . ....................... 362 Abu-Khaliel v. Gonzales, 436 F.3d 627 (6th Cir. 2006) . . . ......................................................... 153 Abulashvili v. Attorney Gen., 663 F.3d 197 (3d Cir. 2011) . . . .................................................... 216 Aburto-Rocha v. Mukasey, 535 F.3d 500 (6th Cir. 2008) . . . ...................................................... 170 A.C. Aukerman Co. v. R.L. Chaides Constr. Co., 960 F.2d 1020 (Fed. Cir. 1990) . . . ................ 556 Accardi, U.S. ex rel. v. Shaughnessy, 347 U.S. 260 (1954) . . . .. 140, 149, 195, 297, 422, 429, 434, .............................................................................................................. 448, 566, 572, 596 Achaval-Bianco v. Gustafson, 736 F. Supp. 214 (C.D. Cal. 1989) . . . ........................................ 860 ACLU of Ohio v. Ashbrook, 375 F.3d 484 (6th Cir. 2004) . . . ...................................................... 29 Acosta v. Gaffney, 558 F.2d 1153 (3d Cir. 1977) . . . ................................................................... 625 Acosta v. Gonzales, 439 F.3d 550 (9th Cir. 2006) . . . ................................................. 689, 758, 759 Acosta Hidalgo, Matter of, 24 I&N Dec. 103 (BIA 2007) . . . ............................................. 668, 669 Acosta-Olivarria v. Lynch, 799 F.3d 1271 (9th Cir. 2015) . . . .................................................... 757 Acquaah v. Sessions, 874 F.3d 1010 (7th Cir. 2017) . . . ............................................................. 109 Action on Smoking & Health v. Civil Aeronautics Bd., 724 F.2d 211 (D.C. Cir. 1984) . . . ........ 896 Acura of Bellevue v. Reich, 90 F.3d 1403 (9th Cir. 1996) . . . ....................................................... 75 Adams v. Baker, 909 F.2d 643 (1st Cir. 1990) . . . ....................................................................... 644 Adams v. Williams, 407 U.S. 143 (1972) . . . ....................................................................... 251, 258

908 LITIGATING IMMIGRATION CASES IN FEDERAL COURT, 5TH ED.

Copyright © 2020. American Immigration Lawyers Association. All rights reserved.

Adams Fruit Co. v. Barrett, 494 U.S. 638 (1990) . . . .......................................................... 660, 683 Adamson v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 745 F.2d 541 (9th Cir. 1984) . . . ............. 245, 274 Addington v. Texas, 441 U.S. 418 (1979) . . . .............................................................................. 656 Adebola v. Sessions, 723 Fed. Appx. 41 (2d Cir. 2018) . . . ......................................................... 173 Aden v. Nielsen, 409 F. Supp. 3d 998 (W.D. Wash. 2019) . . . .................................................... 203 Adeniji, Matter of, 22 I&N Dec. 1102 (BIA 1999) . . . ........................................................ 461, 464 Adeyemo v. Ashcroft, 383 F.3d 558 (7th Cir. 2004) . . . ............................................................... 358 Aetna Life Ins. Co. of Hartford v. Haworth, 300 U.S. 227 (1937) . . . ........................................... 12 Afanwi v. Mukasey, 526 F.3d 788 (4th Cir. 2008). . . .......................................................... 224, 228 Afful v. Ashcroft, 380 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2004) . . . .......................................................................... 744 Afridi v. Gonzales, 442 F.3d 1212 (9th Cir. 2006) . . . ................................................................. 184 Afriyie v. Holder, 613 F.3d 924 (9th Cir. 2010) . . . ..................................................................... 110 Afroyim v. Rusk, 387 U.S. 253 (1967) . . . ............................................................................ 131, 657 Agarwal v. Napolitano, 663 F. Supp. 2d 528 (W.D. Tex. 2009) . . . .................................... 663, 665 Agbemaple v. INS, 1998 WL 292441 (N.D. Ill. 1998) . . . ............................................................. 79 Agonafer v. Sessions, 859 F.3d 1198 (9th Cir. 2017) . . . ............................................................. 182 Agosto v. INS, 436 U.S. 748 (1978) . . . ....................................................................................... 133 Aguilar v. ICE, 510 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2007) . . . ............................................................. 532, 541, 544 Aguilar; U.S. v., 883 F.2d 662 (9th Cir. 1989) . . . ....................................................................... 813 Aguilar-Escoto v. Sessions, 874 F.3d 334 (1st Cir. 2017) . . . .............................................. 109, 120 Aguilar Gonzales v. Mukasey, 534 F.3d 1204 (9th Cir. 2008) . . . ............................................... 117 Aguilar-Solis v. INS, 168 F.3d 565 (1st Cir. 1999) . . . ................................................................ 204 Aguilera v. Kirkpatrick, 241 F.3d 1286 (10th Cir. 2001) . . . ............................................... 452, 500 Aguilera-Cota v. INS, 914 F.2d 1375 (9th Cir. 1990) . . . .................................................... 117, 183 Aguilera-Enriquez v. INS, 516 F.2d 565 (6th Cir. 1975) . . . ....................................................... 222 Aguirre-Aguirre; INS v., 526 U.S. 415 (1999) . . . ....................................................................... 683 Aguirre-Tello; U.S. v., 353 F.3d 1199 (10th Cir. 2004) . . . ......................................................... 201 Agunobi v. Thornburgh, 745 F. Supp. 533 (N.D. Ill. 1990) . . . ........................................... 460, 485 Agyeman v. INS, 296 F.3d 871 (9th Cir. 2002) . . . ........................................ 60, 116, 159, 242, 409 Ahmadi v. Chertoff, 522 F. Supp. 2d 816 (N.D. Tex. 2007) . . . .................................................. 598 Ahmed v. Department of Homeland Sec., 328 F.3d 383 (7th Cir. 2003) . . . ................................ 597 Ahmed v. Gonzales, 398 F.3d 722 (6th Cir. 2005) . . . ......................................................... 211, 216 Ahmed v. Gonzales, 447 F.3d 433 (5th Cir. 2006) . . . ................................................................. 153 Ahmed v. Holder, 569 F.3d 1009 (9th Cir. 2009) . . . ........................................................... 153, 198 Ahmed v. Mayorkas, 719 F. Supp. 2d 1080 (N.D. Cal. 2009) . . . ................................................ 598 Ahmed v. Mukasey, 548 F.3d 768 (9th Cir. 2008) . . . .................................................. 227, 372, 386 Ah Sing, Matter of, 13 Fed. 286 (9th Cir. 1882) . . . .................................................................... 423 Ah Tie, In re, 13 Fed. 291 (9th Cir. 1882) . . . .............................................................................. 423 Air Line Pilots Ass'n v. Eastern Air Lines, 672 F. Supp. 525 (D.D.C. 1987) . . . ......................... 563 Air Transp. Ass'n of Canada v. FAA, 156 F.3d 1329 (D.C. Cir. 1998) . . . .................................. 894 Ajlani v. Chertoff, 545 F.3d 229 (2d Cir. 2008) . . . ..................................................................... 667 Akhtar v. Burzynski, 384 F.3d 1193 (9th Cir. 2004) . . . .............................................................. 697 Akinola v. Weber, 2010 WL 376603 (D.N.J. 2010) . . . ............................................................... 513 Akins; FEC v., 524 U.S. 11 (1998) . . . .................................................................................. 25, 786 Akinwale v. Ashcroft, 287 F.3d 1050 (11th Cir. 2002) . . . ........................................... 460, 488, 489 Alaelua v. INS, 45 F.3d 1379 (9th Cir. 1995) . . . ......................................................................... 111 Alaka v. Attorney Gen. of U.S., 456 F.3d 88 (3d Cir. 2006) . . . .................................. 151, 184, 702 Alam v. Gonzales, 438 F.3d 184 (2d Cir. 2006) . . . ..................................................................... 112 Alarcon-Chavez v. Gonzales, 403 F.3d 343 (5th Cir. 2005) . . . .................................................. 362 Albathani v. INS, 318 F.3d 365 (1st Cir. 2003) . . . ...................................................... 138, 139, 144 Albert v. Carovano, 851 F.2d 561 (2d Cir. 1988) . . . .................................................................. 842

TABLE OF DECISIONS 909


Albillo-DeLeon v. Gonzales, 410 F.3d 1090 (9th Cir. 2005) . . . ......................................... 389, 391 Albrektsen; U.S. v., 151 F.3d 951 (9th Cir. 1998) . . . .......................................................... 253, 278 Alcala v. Holder, 563 F.3d 1009 (9th Cir. 2009) . . . ............................................................. 93, 333 Alcantara-Perez, Matter of, 23 I&N Dec. 882 (BIA 2006) . . . ..................................................... 97 Alcaraz v. INS, 384 F.3d 1150 (9th Cir. 2004) . . . ......................................................................... 61 Alegria-Zamora v. DHS, 2018 U.S. Dist. Lexis 34851 (D. Kan. 2018) . . . ......................... 550, 591 Aleman-Gonzalez v. Barr, 955 F.3d 762 (9th Cir. 2020) . . . ....................................................... 493 Alexandre v. Attorney Gen., 452 F.3d 1204 (11th Cir. 2006) . . . ................................ 346, 444, 448 Alfaro, Matter of, 25 I&N Dec. 417 (BIA 2011) . . . ................................................................... 702 Alfaro-Garcia v. Johnson, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 164454 (N.D. Cal. 2015) . . . ....................... 321 Alfonso; U.S. v., 759 F.2d 728 (9th Cir. 1985) . . . ....................................................................... 248 Alghamdi v. Ridge, 2006 WL 5670940 (N.D. Fla. Sept. 25, 2006) . . . ........................ 864, 875, 880 Alghawi v. Mukasey, 543 F. Supp. 2d 1252 (W.D. Wash. 2008) . . . ........................................... 864 Al-Harbi v. INS, 284 F.3d 1080 (9th Cir. 2002) . . . ..................................................................... 865 Ali v. Ashcroft, 346 F.3d 873 (2003),. . . ................................ 70, 188, 190, 342, 531, 532, 545, 552 Ali v. Frazier, 575 F. Supp. 2d 1084 (D. Minn. 2008) . . . ........................................................... 604 Ali v. INS, 661 F. Supp. 1234 (D. Mass. 1986) . . . ........................................................................ 45 Ali v. Lynch, 814 F.3d 306 (5th Cir. 2016) . . . ............................................................................. 697 Ali v. Mukasey, 529 F.3d 478 (2d Cir. 2008) . . . ......................................................................... 216 Ali v. Reno, 22 F.3d 442 (2d Cir. 1994) . . . ................................................................................. 575 Alibasic v. Mukasey, 547 F.3d 78 (2d Cir. 2008) . . . ..................................................................... 98 Alimbaev v. Attorney Gen., 872 F.3d 188 (3d Cir. 2017) . . . ....................................................... 170 Aljabri v. Holder, 745 F.3d 816 (7th Cir. 2014) . . . .................................................................... 663 Al Khouri v. Ashcroft, 362 F.3d 461 (8th Cir. 2004) . . . ........................................ 145, 159, 318–19 Al-Kudsi v. Gonzales, No. 05-1584, 2006 WL 752556 (D. Or. Mar. 22, 2006) . . . ............. 659, 661 Allen v. Milas, 896 F.3d 1094 (9th Cir. 2018) . . . ....................................... 608, 625, 634, 639, 642 Allen v. U.S. Steel Corp., 665 F.2d 689 (5th Cir. 1982) . . . ......................................................... 899 Allende v. Shultz, 709 F. Supp. 18 (D. Mass. 1989) . . . ............................................................... 885 Allentown Mack Sales & Serv., Inc. v. NLRB, 522 U.S. 359 (1998) . . . ..................................... 696 Alli v. Decker, 644 F. Supp. 2d 535 (M.D. Pa. 2009). . ....................................................... 512, 532 Alliance for the Wild Rockies v. Cottrell, 632 F.3d 1127 (9th Cir. 2011) . . . .............................. 584 Al-Maleki v. Holder, 558 F.3d 1200 (10th Cir. 2009) . . . .................................... 663, 864, 874, 878 Almaqrami v. Pompeo, 933 F.3d 774 (D.C. Cir. 2019) . . . ............................................................ 36 A.L. Mechling Barge Lines, Inc. v. U.S., 368 U.S. 324 (1961) . . . ................................................ 33 Almeida-Amaral v. Gonzales, 461 F.3d 231 (2d Cir. 2006) . . . ..................................... 273–75, 281 Almeida-Sanchez v. U.S., 413 U.S. 266 (1973) . . . .............................................. 248, 249, 251, 252 Almendarez-Torres v. U.S., 523 U.S. 224 (1998) . . . .................................................................. 539 Almuhtaseb v. Gonzales, 453 F.3d 743 (6th Cir. 2006) . . . ................................................. 166, 186 Almutairi v. Holder, 722 F.3d 996 (7th Cir. 2013) . . . .......................................................... 98, 100 Al Mutarreb v. Holder, 561 F.3d 1023 (9th Cir. 2009) . . . .......................................................... 129 Al Otro Lado, Inc. v. McAleenan, 394 F. Supp. 3d 1168 (S.D. Cal. 2019) . . . .................... 536, 574 Alphonsus v. Holder, 705 F.3d 1031 (9th Cir. 2013) . . . ..................................................... 127, 699 Alrefae v. Gonzales, 471 F.3d 353 (2d Cir. 2006) . . . ................................................................. 365 Al-Saka v. Sessions, 904 F.3d 427 (6th Cir. 2018) . . . ................................................................. 226 Alsamhouri v. Gonzales, 484 F.3d 117 (1st Cir. 2007) . . . .................................................. 138, 153 Altamirano v. Gonzales, 427 F.3d 586 (9th Cir. 2005) . . . .......................................................... 113 Alvarado; U.S. v., 635 F. Supp. 2d 586 (W.D. Tex. 2009) . . . .................................................... 260 Alvarado-Carillo v. INS, 251 F.3d 44 (2d Cir. 2001) . . . ............................................................ 118 Alvarado de Rodriguez v. Holder, 585 F.3d 227 (5th Cir. 2009) . . . ................................... 166, 172 Alvarado-Ramirez; U.S. v., 975 F. Supp. 906 (W.D. Tex. 1997) . . . ........................................... 253 Alvarenga-Villalobos v. Ashcroft, 271 F.3d 1169 (9th Cir. 2001) . . . ................... 328–29, 410, 411



Alvarez v. Hill, 518 F.3d 1152 (9th Cir. 2008) . . . ....................................................................... 842 Alvarez-Cerriteno v. Sessions, 899 F.3d 774 (9th Cir. 2018) . . . ................................................. 686 Alvarez-Espino v. Barr, 951 F.3d 868 (7th Cir. 2020) . . . ........................................................... 386 Alvarez-Machain; U.S. v., 504 U.S. 655 (1992) . . . ............................................................ 816, 821 Alvarez-Portillo v. Ashcroft, 280 F.3d 858 (8th Cir. 2002) . . . .................................... 325, 328, 741 Alvarez-Santos v. INS, 332 F.3d 1245 (9th Cir. 2003) . . . ..................................... 62, 119, 179, 185 Alwan v. Ashcroft, 388 F.3d 507 (5th Cir. 2004) . . . ............................................................. 37, 684 Alyeska Pipeline Serv. Co. v. Wilderness Soc'y, 421 U.S. 240 (1975) . . . ................................... 888 A–M–, Matter of, 7 I&N Dec. 332 (BIA 1956) . . . ...................................................................... 131 Amadou v. INS, 226 F.3d 724 (6th Cir. 2000) . . . ........................................................................ 208 Amanullah v. Nelson, 811 F.2d 1 (1st Cir. 1987) . . . ........................................................... 433, 644 Amarel v. Connell, 102 F.3d 1494 (9th Cir. 1996) . . . ................................................................. 900 Amarjeet Singh v. Gonzales, 499 F.3d 969 (9th Cir. 2007) . . . .... 103, 341–44, 447, 542, 544, 545, ...................................................................................................................................... 548 Amarjit Singh v. Ashcroft, 367 F.3d 1182 (9th Cir. 2004) . . . ............................................. 239, 387 Amarjit Singh v. Moyer, 867 F.2d 1035 (7th Cir. 1989) . . . ........................................................ 534 Ambriz v. Barr, 420 F. Supp. 3d 953 (N.D. Cal. 2019) . . . .................................................... 70, 504 American Acad. of Religion v. Chertoff, 463 F. Supp. 2d 400 (S.D.N.Y. 2006). . . ................ 18, 44, ............................................................................................................... 634, 635, 643, 645 American Acad. of Religion v. Chertoff, 2007 WL 4527504 (S.D.N.Y. 2007) . . . ...................... 635 American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Comm. v. Ashcroft, 272 F. Supp. 2d 650 (E.D. Mich. 2003) . .

. ............................................................................................................................. 304, 305 American Arab Anti-Discrimination Comm.; Reno v., 70 F.3d 1045 (9th Cir. 1995), . . . ................ ................................ 42, 85, 187–90, 203, 340, 416, 433, 439–41, 447, 540, 549, 550, 590 American Immigration Council v. Department of Homeland Sec., 905 F. Supp. 2d 206 (D.D.C.

2012) . . . ............................................................................... 769, 771, 772, 781, 787, 788 American Immigration Council v. Department of Homeland Sec., 950 F. Supp. 2d 221 (D.D.C.

2013) . . . ............................................................................................................... 769, 775 American Immigration Lawyers Ass'n v. Department of Homeland Sec., 852 F. Supp. 2d 66

(D.D.C. 2012) . . . ......................................................................................... 765, 775, 776 American Immigration Lawyers Ass'n v. Executive Office for Immigration Review, 830 F.3d 667

(D.C. Cir. 2016) . . . ...................................................................................................... 773 American Immigration Lawyers Ass'n v. Reno, 18 F. Supp. 2d 38 (D.D.C. 1998) . . . ................ 302 American Pac. Concrete Pipe Co. v. NLRB, 788 F.2d 586 (9th Cir. 1986) . . . ........................... 870 American Rivers v. National Marine Fisheries Serv., 126 F.3d 1118 (9th Cir. 1997) . . . ............. 30 American Sociological Ass'n v. Chertoff, 588 F. Supp. 2d 166 (D. Mass. 2008) . . . ........... 632, 644 American Sur. Co. of N.Y. v. Sullivan, 7 F.2d 605 (2d Cir. 1925) . . . ......................................... 613 American Trucking Ass'n; U.S. v., 310 U.S. 534 (1940) . . . ........................................................ 672 Amos v. Lynch, 790 F.3d 512 (4th Cir. 2015) . . . ........................................................................ 686 Amouzadeh v. Winfrey, 467 F.3d 451 (5th Cir. 2006) . . . ............................................................ 702 Amponsah v. Holder, 736 F.3d 1172 (9th Cir. 2015) . . . ............................................................. 688 Amritpal Singh v. USCIS, 878 F.3d 441 (2d Cir. 2017) . . . ................................................. 547, 548 ANA Int'l, Inc. v. Way, 393 F.3d 886 (9th Cir. 2004) . . . ..................................... 152, 157, 539, 599 Anaya-Aguilar v. Holder, 683 F.3d 369, clarified, 697 F.3d 1189 (7th Cir. 2012). . . ......... 393, 534 Anderson v. Bessemer City, 470 U.S. 564 (1985) . . . .................................................................. 166 Anderson v. Holder, 673 F.3d 1089 (9th Cir. 2012) . . . ................................................ 94, 451, 658 Andia v. Ashcroft, 359 F.3d 1181 (9th Cir. 2004) . . . .......................................................... 114, 358 Andreiu v. Ashcroft, 253 F.3d 477 (9th Cir. 2001) . . . ......................................................... 106, 854 Andrew v. Bowen, 837 F.2d 875 (9th Cir. 1988) . . . ............................................................ 860, 877 Andriasian v. INS, 180 F.3d 1033 (9th Cir. 1999) . . . ......................................................... 173, 202 Angel v. Ridge, No. 04-4121, 2005 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 10667 (S.D. Ill. 2005) . . . ....................... 659



Angov v. Holder, 788 F.3d 893 (9th Cir. 2015) . . . ..................................................................... 206 Anguisaca v. Decker, 393 F. Supp. 3d 344 (S.D.N.Y. 2019) . . . ................................................. 346 Angulo-Guerrero; U.S. v., 328 F.3d 449 (8th Cir. 2003) . . . ....................................................... 252 Animal Def. Council v. Hodel, 840 F.2d 1432 (9th Cir. 1988). . . ............................................... 583 An Na Peng v. Holder, 673 F.3d 1248 (9th Cir. 2012) . . . .................................................. 123, 738 ANR Storage Co. v. FERC, 904 F.3d 1020 (D.C. Cir. 2018) . . . ................................................. 567 Anselmo, Matter of, 20 I&N Dec. 25 (BIA 1989) . . . .................................................................. 701 A–P–, Matter of, 22 I&N Dec. 468 (BIA 1999) . . . ..................................................................... 230 Aponte v. Holder, 683 F.3d 6 (1st Cir. 2012) . . . ......................................................................... 127 Application of. See name of party Aragon-Ayon v. INS, 206 F.3d 847 (9th Cir. 2000) . . . ......................................................... 60, 305 Arango-Marquez v. INS, 346 F.3d 892 (9th Cir. 2003) . . . ...................................................... 70, 71 Arangure v. Whitaker, 911 F.3d 333 (6th Cir. 2018) . . . ..................................................... 676, 678 Arbaugh v. Y&H Corp., 546 U.S. 500 (2006) . . . .................................................. 52, 53, 66, 86–88 Arboleda v. Attorney Gen., 434 F.3d 1220 (11th Cir. 2006) . . . .................................................. 121 Ardestani v. INS, 502 U.S. 129 (1991) . . . ............................................. 72, 580, 859, 860, 876, 892 Arej v. Sessions, 852 F.3d 665 (7th Cir. 2017) . . . ....................................................................... 183 Aremu v. Department of Homeland Sec., 450 F.3d 578 (4th Cir. 2006) . . . ................................ 680 Arevalo v. Ashcroft, 344 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2003) . . . ............. 235, 325, 327, 328, 410, 571, 690, 739 Arias v. Aviles, 2016 U.S. Dist. Lexis 91687 (S.D.N.Y. 2016) . . . .............................................. 486 Arias-Ordonez; U.S. v., 597 F.3d 972 (9th Cir. 2010) . . . ..................................... 55, 201, 241, 397 Arif v. Mukasey, 509 F.3d 677 (5th Cir. 2007) . . . ....................................................................... 166 Aris v. Mukasey, 517 F.3d 595 (2d Cir. 2008) . . . ............................................................... 225, 361 Arizona v. Johnson, 555 U.S. 323 (2009) . . . ...................................................................... 259, 261 Arizona Dream Act Coalition v. Brewer, 757 F.3d 1053 (9th Cir. 2014) . . . .............................. 586 Arkansas v. Sanders, 442 U.S. 753 (1979) . . . ............................................................................ 254 Arlington v. FCC, 569 U. S. 290, 133 S. Ct. 1863, 185 L. Ed. 2d 941 (2013) . . . ....................... 422 Arlington Heights, Village of v. Metropolitan Hous. Dev. Corp., 429 U.S. 252 (1977) . . . .......... 25 Armendarez-Mendez, Matter of, 24 I&N Dec. 646 (BIA 2008) . . . .................................... 376, 702 Armendariz-Montoya v. Sonchik, 291 F.3d 1116 (9th Cir. 2002) . . . .................................. 735, 826 Armentero v. INS, 340 F.3d 1058 (9th Cir. 2003), withdrawn, 382 F.3d 1153 (9th Cir. 2004) . . . ................................................................................................................. 454, 507, 508 Armstrong v. Manzo, 380 U.S. 545 (1965) . . . ............................................................................ 196 Arobelidze v. Holder, 653 F.3d 513 (7th Cir. 2011) . . . ............................................ 54, 57, 61, 692 Aronov v. Napolitano, 562 F.3d 84 (1st Cir. 2009) . . . ................................................................ 873 Arrazabal v. Lynch, 822 F.3d 961 (7th Cir. 2016) . . . ................................................................. 322 Arredondo v. Holder, 623 F.3d 1317 (9th Cir. 2010) . . . ............................................................ 128 Arredondo v. Lynch, 824 F.3d 801 (9th Cir. 2016) . . . ................................................................ 360 Arreguin-Moreno v. Mukasey, 511 F.3d 1229 (9th Cir. 2008) . . . ........................................... 58, 74 Arreola-Arreola v. Ashcroft, 383 F.3d 956 (9th Cir. 2004) . . . ........................................... 410, 411 Arrieta v. INS, 117 F.3d 429 (9th Cir. 1997) . . . ......................................................... 353, 354, 358 Arrieta; U.S. v., 224 F.3d 1076 (9th Cir. 2000) . . . ..................................................................... 319 Arrozal v. INS, 159 F.3d 429 (9th Cir. 1998) . . . ................................................................. 130, 368 Arteaga v. INS, 836 F.2d 1227 (9th Cir. 1988) .......................................................................... . 117 Arteaga de Alvarez v. Holder, 704 F.3d 730 (9th Cir. 2012) ....................................................... 171 Arvizu; U.S. v., 534 U.S. 266 (2002) . . . ...................................................................................... 257 Asakura v. City of Seattle, 265 U.S. 332 (1924) . . . ............................................................ 817, 818 Asani v. INS, 154 F.3d 719 (7th Cir. 1998). . . ..................................................................... 196, 230 ASARCO v. Environmental Prot. Agency, 616 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 1980) . . ............................... 582 A–S–B–, Matter of, 24 I&N Dec. 493 (BIA 2008). . . .................................................................. 162 Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662 (2009) . . . .................................................................. 840, 842, 843



Aslam v. Gonzales, 2006 WL 3749905 (W.D. Wash. Dec. 19, 2006) . . . ........................... 660, 661 Aslam v. Mukasey, 537 F.3d 110 (2d Cir. 2008). . . ..................................................................... 218 Aslam v. Mukasey, 531 F. Supp. 2d 736 (E.D. Va. 2008) . . . ...................................................... 660 ASPCA v. Feld Entm't, Inc., 659 F.3d 13 (D.C. Cir. 2011) . . . ...................................................... 26 Assaad v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 471 (5th Cir. 2004) . . . .................................................................. 232 ASSE Int'l, Inc. v. Kerry, 809 F.3d 1059 (9th Cir. 2015) . . . ............................................... 535, 574 Associated Gen. Contractors v. EPA, 488 F. Supp. 861 (D. Nev. 1980) . . . ............................... 796 Association of Data Processing Serv. Orgs. v. Board of Governors of Fed. Reserve Sys., 745 F.2d

677 (D.C. Cir. 1984) . . . ............................................................................................... 565 Association of Data Processing Serv. Orgs. v. Camp, 397 U.S. 150 (1970) . . . ....... 20, 21, 23, 627 Association of Gen. Contractors v. Coalition for Econ. Equity, 950 F.2d 1401 (9th Cir. 1991)

. . . ..................................................................................................................................... 107 Association of Mexican-American Educators v. California, 231 F.3d 572 (9th Cir. 2000) . . . ... 900 Association of Nat'l Advertisers v. FTC, 627 F.2d 1151 (D.C. Cir. 1979). . . ................................ 48 Astafieva v. Gonzales, 2007 WL 1031333 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 3, 2007) . . . ..................................... 661 Aston v. Secretary of Health & Human Servs., 808 F.2d 9 (2d Cir. 1986) . . . ............................ 900 Astrue v. Ratliff, 560 U.S. 586 (2010) . . . .................................................................................... 904 Asylum Seeker Advocacy Project v. Barr, 409 F. Supp. 3d 221 (S.D.N.Y. 2019) . . . ......... 343, 346 A–T–, Matter of, 24 I&N Dec. 296 (BIA 2007) . . . ..................................................................... 704 AT&T Corp. v. Portland, 216 F.3d 871 (9th Cir. 2000) . . . ......................................................... 700 AT&T, Inc. v. FCC, 886 F.3d 1236 (D.C. Cir. 2018) . . . ............................................................. 567 Ateka v. Ashcroft, 384 F.3d 954 (8th Cir. 2004) . . . ...................................................................... 56 Atemnkeng v. Barr, 948 F.3d 231 (4th Cir. 2020) . . . ............................................................ 58, 204 Atkinson v. Attorney Gen., 479 F.3d 222 (3d Cir. 2007) . . . ........................................ 721, 727, 735 Atlantic Fish Spotters Ass'n v. Daley, 205 F.3d 488 (1st Cir. 2000) . . . ...................................... 886 Attipoe v. Barr, 945 F.3d 76 (2d Cir. 2019) . . . ............................................................................. 90 Audubon Soc'y of Portland v. Zinke, 2017 WL 6376464 (D. Or. 2017) . . . ................................ 581 Auer v. Robbins, 519 U.S. 452 (1997) . . . ......................................................................... 8, 707–12 Augustin v. Sava, 735 F.2d 32 (2d Cir. 1984) . . . ................................................................ 195, 209 Au Yi Lau v. INS, 445 F.2d 217 (D.C. Cir. 1971) . . . ................................................................... 266 Avagyan v. Holder, 646 F.3d 672 (9th Cir. 2011) . . . .......................................... 372, 383, 388, 390 Avetisyan, Matter of, 25 I&N Dec. 688 (BIA 2012) . . . .............................................................. 534 Avetova-Elisseva v. INS, 213 F.3d 1192 (9th Cir. 2000) . . . ........................................................ 111 Avila v. Attorney Gen., 560 F.3d 1281 (11th Cir. 2009) . . . ................................................ 104, 414 Avila v. Galaza, 297 F.3d 911 (9th Cir. 2002) . . . ....................................................................... 388 Avila-Macias v. Ashcroft, 328 F.3d 108 (3d Cir. 2003) . . . ................................................. 328, 410 Avila-Ramirez v. Holder, 764 F.3d 717 (7th Cir. 2014) . . . ......................................................... 170 Avila-Santoyo v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 713 F.3d 1357 (11th Cir. 2013) . . . ......................................... 382 Awolesi v. Ashcroft, 341 F.3d 227 (3d Cir. 2003) . . . .................................................................. 130 Ayala v. Attorney Gen., 605 F.3d 941 (11th Cir. 2010) . . . ..................................................... 2, 128 Ayala v. Sessions, 855 F.3d 1012 (9th Cir. 2017) . . . .................................................................. 102 Ayala-Villanueva v. Holder, 572 F.3d 736 (9th Cir. 2009) . . . .................................................... 133 Ayanbadejo v. Chertoff, 517 F.3d 273 (5th Cir. 2008) . . . ........................................................... 538

B Babaisakov, Matter of, 24 I&N Dec. 306 (BIA 2007) . . . ........................................................... 703 Backer v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 275 F.2d 141 (5th Cir. 1960) . . . ........................ 577 Baeta v. Sonchik, 273 F.3d 1261 (9th Cir. 2001) . . . ........................................................... 132, 134 Baez-Sanchez v. Barr, 947 F.3d 1033 (7th Cir. 2020) . . . ........................................................... 703



Baez-Sanchez v. Sessions, 872 F.3d 854 (7th Cir. 2017) . . . ....................................................... 112 Bagot v. Ashcroft, 398 F.3d 252 (3d Cir. 2005) . . . ..................................................................... 133 Bah v. Cangemi, 489 F. Supp. 2d 905 (D. Minn. 2007) . . . ......................................................... 490 Bah v. Mukasey, 521 F.3d 857 (8th Cir. 2008) . . . .......................................................... 52, 66, 704 Bah v. Mukasey, 529 F.3d 99 (2d Cir. 2008) . . . ............................................................................. 2 Baires, Matter of, 24 I&N Dec. 467 (BIA 2008) . . . ................................................................... 706 Baires v. INS, 856 F.2d 89 (9th Cir. 1988) . . . ............................................................. 195, 200, 222 Bajakajian; U.S. v., 524 U.S. 321 (1998) . . . .............................................................................. 117 Baker v. Bowen, 839 F.2d 1075 (5th Cir. 1988) . . . ..................................................................... 888 Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186 (1962) . . . ................................................................................. 13, 635 Baker & Hostetler LLP v. Department of Commerce, 473 F.3d 312 (D.C. Cir. 2006) . . . .......... 792 Balbir Singh v. Holder, 591 F.3d 1190 (9th Cir. 2010) . . . ................................................. 152, 155 Balbir Singh v. INS, 213 F.3d 1050 (9th Cir. 2000) . . . ....................................................... 370, 374 Baliza v. INS, 709 F.2d 1231 (9th Cir. 1983) . . . ......................................................................... 208 Balogun v. Sessions, 330 F. Supp. 3d 1211 (C.D. Cal. 2018) . . . ................................ 341, 550, 589 Baltazar-Alcazar v. INS, 386 F.3d 940 (9th Cir. 2004) . . . .......................................................... 242 Banco Nacional de Cuba v. Sabatino, 376 U.S. 398 (1964) . . . .................................................. 822 Banda v. Nielsen, 385 F. Supp. 3d 1099 (W.D. Wash. 2019) . . . ........................................ 470, 488 Bangura v. Hansen, 434 F.3d 487 (6th Cir. 2006) . . . ..................................................... 75, 76, 558 Bank of United States v. Moss, 47 U.S. (6 How.) 31 (1848) . . . .................................................. 403 Banks v. Gonzales, 453 F.3d 449 (7th Cir. 2006) . . . .................................................................. 230 Baños v. Asher, 2018 U.S. Dist. Lexis 57546 (W.D. Wash. 2018) . . . ................................ 474, 493 Barahona-Gomez v. Reno, 236 F.3d 1115 (9th Cir. 2001) . . . ............................................ 188, 341 Barajas; U.S. v., 655 F.3d 1077 (9th Cir. 2011) . . . .................................................................... 580 Barber v. Kimbrell's, Inc., 577 F.2d 216 (4th Cir. 1978) . . . ....................................................... 796 Barcenas, Matter of, 19 I&N Dec. 609 (BIA 1988) . . . ....................................................... 284, 285 Barchart.com v. Koumans, 2020 U.S. Dist. Lexis 27974 (D.D.C. 2020) . . . .............................. 566 Barlow v. Collins, 397 U.S. 159 (1970) . . . ................................................................................... 23 Barmo v. Reno, 899 F. Supp. 1375 (E.D. Pa. 1995) . . . ................................................................. 45 Barnes v. Holder, 625 F.3d 801 (4th Cir. 2010) . . . 666, 668 Barr; Doe v., 2020 U.S. Dist. Lexis 64459, 2020 WL 1820667 (N.D. Cal. April 12, 2020) . . . . 513 Barr v. East Bay Sanctuary Covenant, 140 S. Ct. 3 (2019) . . . ................................................... 589 Barradas v. Holder, 582 F.3d 754 (7th Cir. 2009) . . . ................................................................. 284 Barrientos v. Lynch, 829 F.3d 1064 (9th Cir. 2016) . . . .............................................................. 104 Barrios-Cantarero v. Holder, 772 F.3d 1019 (5th Cir. 2014) . . . ................................................ 364 Barron v. Ashcroft, 358 F.3d 674 (9th Cir. 2004) . . . .............................................................. 56, 62 Barry v. Gonzales, 445 F.3d 741 (4th Cir. 2006) . . . ................................................................... 384 Barry v. Mukasey, 524 F.3d 721 (6th Cir. 2008) . . . ................................................................... 392 Barsky v. Board of Regents, 347 U.S. 442 (1954) . . . ................................................................. 569 Bartlett v. Bowen, 816 F.2d 695 (D.C. Cir. 1987) . . . ............................................. 84, 85, 234, 235 Barton v. Ashcroft, 152 F. Supp. 2d 235 (D. Conn. 2001) . . . ............................................. 454, 508 Batalova v. Ashcroft, 355 F.3d 1246 (10th Cir. 2004) . . . ........................................................... 141 Batanic v. INS, 12 F.3d 662 (7th Cir. 1993) . . . ........................................................................... 243 Batista v. Ashcroft, 270 F.3d 8 (1st Cir. 2001) . . . ....................................................................... 132 Batterton v. Francis, 432 U.S. 416 (1977) . . . ............................................................................. 749 Batterton v. Marshall, 648 F.2d 694 (D.C. Cir. 1980) . . . ........................................................... 750 Batton v. Evers, 598 F.3d 169 (5th Cir. 2010) . . . ............................................................... 785, 795 Batubara v. Holder, 733 F.3d 1040 (10th Cir. 2013) . . . ......................................................... 98, 99 Baumgartner v. U.S., 322 U.S. 665 (1944) . . . ............................................................................ 654 Bautista v. Sabol, 862 F. Supp. 2d 375 (M.D. Pa. 2012) . . . ............................................... 486, 487 Bayo v. Napolitano, 593 F.3d 495 (7th Cir. 2010) . . . ......................................................... 313, 316



Beatty, In re, 306 F.3d 914 (9th Cir. 2002) . . . ............................................................................ 556 Becker v. Montgomery, 532 U.S. 757 (2001) . . . ........................................................................... 87 Bedoya-Melendez v. Attorney Gen., 680 F.3d 1321 (11th Cir. 2012) . . . .................................... 155 Begna v. Ashcroft, 392 F.3d 301 (8th Cir. 2004) . . . ................................................................... 141 Bejar v. Ashcroft, 324 F.3d 127 (3d Cir. 2003) . . . ...................................................................... 336 Bejjani v. INS, 271 F.3d 670 (6th Cir. 2001) . . . ................................................. 325, 460, 488, 690 Belay-Gebru v. INS, 327 F.3d 998 (10th Cir. 2003) . . . .............................................................. 392 Bell v. Burson, 402 U.S. 535 (1971) . . . ...................................................................................... 570 Bell v. Fowler, 99 F.3d 262 (8th Cir. 1996) . . . ........................................................................... 382 Bell v. Reno, 218 F.3d 86 (2d Cir. 2000) . . . ............................................................................... 733 Bell v. United Princeton Props., Inc., 884 F.2d 713 (3d Cir. 1989) . . . ....................................... 902 Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544 (2007) . . . .......................................... 837, 840, 842, 843 Bell Co.; NLRB v., 416 U.S. 267 (1974) . . . ................................................................................ 756 Bellion Spirits, LLC v. U.S., 335 F. Supp. 3d 32 (D.D.C. 2018) . . . ............................................ 583 Beltran v. INS, 332 F.3d 407 (6th Cir. 2003) . . . ......................................................................... 353 Benavides v. Bureau of Prisons, 993 F.2d 257 (D.C. Cir. 1993) . . . ........................................... 790 Benitez-Mendez v. INS, 760 F.2d 907 (9th Cir. 1985) . . . ............................................................ 256 Benjamin v. Bureau of Customs, 401 F. Supp. 2d 184 (D. Conn. 2005) . . . ................................ 132 Benslimane v. Gonzales, 430 F.3d 828 (7th Cir. 2005) . . . .............................................................. 3 Bensman v. Fish & Wildlife Serv., 49 Fed. Appx. 646 (7th Cir. 2002) . . . .................................. 790 Berberena v. Coler, 753 F.2d 629 (7th Cir. 1985) . . . ................................................................. 897 Berger; U.S. v., 473 F.3d 1080 (9th Cir. 2007) . . . ...................................................................... 857 Berhane v. Holder, 606 F.3d 819 (6th Cir. 2010) . . . .......................................................... 128, 152 Berishaj v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 314 (3d Cir. 2004) . . . ................................................................. 145 Berman v. Schweiker, 713 F.2d 1290 (7th Cir. 1983) . . . ............................................................ 860 Bernardo v. Johnson, 814 F.3d 481 (1st Cir. Mass. 2016) . . . ............................................ 152, 539 Bertrand v. Sava, 684 F.2d 204 (2d Cir. 1982) . . . ...................................................................... 433 Bhasin v. Gonzales, 423 F.3d 977 (9th Cir. 2005) . . . ......................................................... 373, 374 Bhatt v. BIA, 328 F.3d 912 (7th Cir. 2003) . . . .............................................................................. 79 Bhupinder Singh v. Gonzales, 432 F.3d 533 (3d Cir. 2006) . . . .................................................... 98 Bhupinder Singh v. Holder, 656 F.3d 1047 (9th Cir. 2011) . . . ........................................... 117, 171 Bibiano v. Lynch, 834 F.3d 966 (9th Cir. 2016) . . . ..................................................................... 104 Bigford v. Taylor, 834 F.2d 1213 (5th Cir. 1988) . . . .................................................................. 262 Billeke-Tolosa v. Ashcroft, 385 F.3d 708 (6th Cir. 2004) . . . .............................................. 173, 175 Bilokumsky v. Tod, 263 U.S. 149 (1923) . . . ................................................................................ 289 Birt v. Montgomery, 709 F.2d 690 (7th Cir. 1983). . . ................................................................. 388 Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents, 403 U.S. 388 (1971) . . . ................................................ 553 Biwot v. Gonzales, 403 F.3d 1094 (9th Cir. 2005) . . . ......................................................... 199, 223 B.K.B. v. Maui Police Dep't, 276 F.3d 1091 (9th Cir. 2002) . . . ................................................. 888 Blackburn v. Alabama, 361 U.S. 199 (1960) . . . ......................................................................... 252 Blake, Matter of, 23 I&N Dec. 722 (BIA 2005) . . . .................................................................... 758 Blancada v. Turnage, 891 F.2d 688 (9th Cir. 1989) . . . .............................................................. 107 Blanchard v. Bergeron, 489 U.S. 87 (1989) . . . .......................................................................... 795 Blanco de Belbruno v. Ashcroft, 362 F.3d 272 (4th Cir. 2004) . . . .............................................. 138 Blaszczyk v. U.S. Dept. of Homeland Sec., No. 09-CV-5212 (JG), 2010 WL 1038690 (E.D.N.Y.

Mar. 21, 2010) . . . ......................................................................................................... 526 Blue v. Bureau of Prisons, 570 F.2d 529 (5th Cir. 1978) . . . ............................................... 793, 794 Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S. 886 (1984) . . . ................................................................... 883, 889, 890 Boansi v. Johnson, 118 F. Supp. 3d 875 (E.D.N.C. 2015) . . . ..................................................... 521 Board of Regents v. Roth, 408 U.S. 564 (1972) . . . ............................................................. 568, 570 Bobbitt v. Milberg LLP, 801 F.3d 1066 (9th Cir. 2015) . . . ......................................................... 567



Bocova v. Gonzales, 412 F.3d 257 (1st Cir. 2005) . . . ......................................................... 108, 855 Boddie v. Connecticut, 401 U.S. 371 (1971) . . . .......................................................................... 340 Boeing Co.; U.S. v., 747 F. Supp. 319 (E.D. Va. 1990) . . . ......................................................... 884 Bolieiro v. Holder, 731 F.3d 32 (1st Cir. 2013) . . . ............................................................. 112, 382 Bolling v. Sharpe, 347 U.S. 497 (1954) . . . ................................................................................. 568 Bona v. Gonzales, 425 F.3d 663 (9th Cir. 2005) . . . .............................................. 63, 116, 546, 593 Bondarenko v. Holder, 733 F.3d 899 (9th Cir. 2013) . . . ............................................................ 197 Bong Youn Choy v. Barber, 279 F.2d 642 (9th Cir. 1960) . . . ..................................................... 281 Bonhometre v. Gonzales, 414 F.3d 442 (3d Cir. 2005) . . . .......................................................... 201 Bonilla v. Lynch, 840 F.3d 575 (9th Cir. 2016) . . . ............................................................. 335, 394 Borbot v. Warden, Hudson Cnty. Corr. Facility, 906 F.3d 274 (3d Cir. 2018) . . . ...................... 469 Borges v. Gonzales, 402 F.3d 398 (3d Cir. 2005) . . . .......................................................... 226, 382 Borrero v. United Health Care of N.Y., 610 F.3d 1296 (11th Cir. 2010) . . . ................................. 29 Borrome v. Holder, 687 F.3d 150 (3d Cir. 2012) . . . ........................................................... 115, 686 Bosede v. Mukasey, 512 F.3d 946 (7th Cir. 2008) . . . ........................................................... 63, 159 Bostic v. Schaefer, 760 F.3d 352 (4th Cir. 2014) . . . ..................................................................... 25 Boston Pub. Schs.; Doe v., 358 F.3d 20 (1st Cir. 2004) . . . ......................................................... 873 Boudin v. Thomas, 732 F.2d 1107 (2d Cir. 1984) . . . .......................................................... 861, 862 Boumediene v. Bush, 553 U.S. 723 (2008) . . . ..... 147, 297, 346, 421, 427, 430, 435, 438, 441, 629 Bounds v. Smith, 430 U.S. 817 (1977) . . . ................................................................................... 222 Bourguignon v. MacDonald, 667 F. Supp. 2d 175 (D. Mass. 2009) . . . ...................... 469, 492, 509 Bowen v. American Hosp. Ass'n, 476 U.S. 610 (1986) . . . .......................................................... 124 Bowen v. City of N.Y., 476 U.S. 467 (1986) . . . ....................................................................... 47, 49 Bowen v. Georgetown Univ. Hosp., 488 U.S. 204 (1988) . . . ...................... 326, 691, 746, 749, 752 Bowen v. Massachusetts, 487 U.S. 879 (1988) . . . ...................................................................... 515 Bowen v. Michigan Acad. of Family Physicians, 476 U.S. 667 (1986) . . . ..................... 83, 85, 515 Bowles v. Russell, 551 U.S. 205 (2007) . . . ................................................................. 53, 55, 66, 89 Bowley; U.S. v., 435 F.3d 426 (3d Cir. 2006) . . . ................................................................ 277, 293 Bowman Transp. v. Arkansas Best Freight Sys., 419 U.S. 281 (1974) . . . .......................... 196, 573 Boyanivskyy v. Gonzales, 450 F.3d 286 (7th Cir. 2006) . . . ........................................................ 195 Braden v. 30th Judicial Cir. Ct. of Ky., 410 U.S. 484 (1973) . . . ........................ 455, 500, 509, 511 Bradley v. Attorney Gen., 603 F.3d 235 (3d Cir. 2010) . . . ................................................. 313, 316 Bradley v. Heckler, 785 F.2d 954 (11th Cir. 1986) . . . ................................................................ 870 Bradley v. School Bd. of City of Richmond, 416 U.S. 696 (1974) . . . ......................................... 871 Braude v. Wirtz, 350 F.2d 702 (9th Cir. 1965) . . . ............................................................... 621, 628 Brecht v. Abrahamson, 507 U.S. 619 (1993) . . . ................................................................. 412, 413 Brendlin v. California, 551 U.S. 249 (2007) . . . .......................................................................... 256 Brezilien v. Holder, 569 F.3d 403 (9th Cir. 2009) . . . ......................................................... 166, 182 Brickwood Contractors, Inc. v. U.S., 288 F.3d 1371 (Fed. Cir. 2002) . . . ................................... 873 Bridges v. Wixon, 326 U.S. 135 (1945) . . . .......................... 140, 149, 191, 192, 195, 399, 429, 646 Brigham City v. Stuart, 547 U.S. 398 (2006) . . . ................................................................. 254, 255 Brignoni-Ponce; U.S. v., 422 U.S. 873 (1975) . . . ............................................... 251, 252, 258, 259 Brijmati Singh v. INS, 134 F.3d 962 (9th Cir. 1998) . . . .............................................................. 118 Brimstone R.R. Co. v. U.S., 276 U.S. 104 (1928) . . . .................................................................. 753 Brinegar v. U.S., 338 U.S. 160 (1949) . . . ................................................................................... 247 Briones, Matter of, 24 I&N Dec. 355 (BIA 2007) . . . ........................................... 689, 711, 757–61 Briones-Sanchez v. Heinauer, 319 F.3d 324 (8th Cir. 2003) . . . ................................................. 410 Brissett v. Decker, 324 F. Supp. 3d 444 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) . . . ............................................. 462, 486 Brito v. Barr, 415 F. Supp. 3d 258 (D. Mass. 2019) . . . ...................................................... 461, 462 Broad Ave. Laundry & Tailoring v. U.S., 693 F.2d 1367 (Fed. Cir. 1982) . . . ............................ 881 Broaddhus v. Army Corps of Eng'rs, 380 F.3d 162 (4th Cir. 2004) . . . ....................................... 870



Bronisz v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 632 (7th Cir. 2004) . . . ........................................................... 95, 335 Brown v. Illinois, 422 U.S. 590 (1975) . . . .................................................................................. 286 Brown v. Sullivan, 916 F.2d 492 (9th Cir. 1990) . . . ................................................................... 887 Brown v. Texas, 443 U.S. 47 (1979) . . . .............................................................................. 255, 257 Brownell v. We Shung, 352 U.S. 180 (1956) . . . .......................................................... 422, 427, 624 Brownlee v. Conine, 957 F.2d 353 (7th Cir. 1992) . . . ................................................................ 837 Brubaker v. Dickson, 310 F.2d 30 (9th Cir. 1962) . . . ................................................................. 388 Bruland v. Howerton, 742 F. Supp. 629 (S.D. Fla. 1990) . . . .............................................. 877, 880 Buckhannon Bd. & Care Home, Inc. v. West Va. Dep't of Health & Human Res., 532 U.S. 598

(2001) . . . ........................................................................ 664, 792, 796, 870, 872–74, 876 Buckley v. Valeo, 424 U.S. 1 (1976) . . . ...................................................................................... 527 Bui v. INS, 76 F.3d 268 (9th Cir. 1996) . . . ................................................................................. 202 Bullfrog Films, Inc. v. Wick, 959 F.2d 782 (9th Cir. 1992) . . . .................................................... 876 Bulnes-Nolasco, Matter of, 25 I&N Dec. 57 (BIA 2009) . . . .............................................. 335, 357 Bultasa Buddhist Temple v. Nielsen, 878 F.3d 570 (7th Cir. 2017) . . . ............................... 152, 539 Bumpers v. North Carolina, 391 U.S. 543 (1968) . . . ................................................................. 247 Bunker Hill Co. v. Environmental Prot. Agency, 572 F.2d 1286 (9th Cir. 1977) . . . .................. 583 Burbano, Matter of, 20 I&N Dec. 872 (BIA 1994) . . . ............................................ 57–58, 110, 135 Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco & Firearms v. Federal Labor Relations Auth., 464 U.S. 89 (1983) . . . ....................................................................................................................................... 671 Burgos, Matter of, 15 I&N Dec. 278 (BIA 1975) . . . .................................................................. 285 Burka v. HHS, 142 F.3d 1286 (D.C. Cir. 1998) . . . ..................................................................... 791 Burlington Truck Lines, Inc. v. U.S., 371 U.S. 156 (1962) . . . .................................................... 113 Burnham v. Superior Ct., 495 U.S. 604 (1990) . . . ...................................................................... 350 Burns v. Cicchi, 702 F. Supp. 2d 281 (D.N.J. 2010) . . . ........................................................ 71, 698 Burrafato v. Department of State, 523 F.2d 554 (2d Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 424 U.S. 910 (1976) .

. . ........................................................................................................... 618, 620, 628, 630 Bustamante v. Mukasey, 531 F.3d 1059 (9th Cir. 2008) . . . ........................................ 575, 638, 645 Bustamante v. Napolitano, 582 F.3d 403 (2d Cir. 2009) . . . ....................................................... 663 Butalova v. Attorney Gen., 768 F.3d 1179 (11th Cir. 2014) . . . .................................................. 155 Butka v. Attorney Gen., 827 F.3d 1278 (11th Cir. 2016) . . . ....................................................... 393 Butte City v. Hogen, 613 F.3d 190 (D.C. Cir. 2010) . . . .............................................................. 565 Button Depot, Inc. v. Department of Homeland Sec., 386 F. Supp. 2d 1140 (C.D. Cal. 2005) . . . .............................................................................................................................. 557, 566

C Cabaccang v. USCIS, 627 F.3d 1313 (9th Cir. 2010) . . . ............................................................ 526 Caballero v. Caplinger, 914 F. Supp. 1374 (E.D. La. 1996) . . . ................................................. 485 Cabrera-Alvarez v. Gonzales, 423 F.3d 1006 (9th Cir. 2005) . . . ............................................... 174 Cabrera-Perez v. Gonzales, 456 F.3d 109 (3d Cir. 2006) . . . ..................................................... 362 Caceres; U.S. v., 440 U.S. 741 (1979) . . . ................................................................................... 283 Cadena; U.S. v., 588 F.2d 100 (5th Cir. 1979) . . . ...................................................................... 248 Cajun Elec. Power Coop., Inc. v. Federal Energy Regulatory Comm'n, 924 F.2d 1132 (D.C. Cir.

1991) . . . ....................................................................................................................... 695 Calcano-Martinez v. INS, 232 F.3d 328 (2d Cir. 2000) . . . ......................................... 542, 543, 545 Calder v. Bull, 3 Dall. 386 (1798) . . . .......................................................................................... 716 Calderon Jimenez v. Cronen, 317 F. Supp. 3d 626 (D. Mass. 2018) . . . ..................................... 512 Calderon-Median; U.S. v., 591 F.2d 529 (9th Cir. 1979) . . . ...................................................... 282 Calderon-Rosas v. Attorney Gen., ___ F.3d ___, 2020 U.S. App. Lexis 13385 (3d Cir. 2020) . . . ... ...................................................................................................... 225, 233, 240, 386, 388



Calexico Warehouse, Inc. v. Neufeld, 259 F. Supp. 2d 1067 (S.D. Cal. 2002) . . . ...................... 157 Califano v. Sanders, 430 U.S. 99 (1977) . . . 16, 81, 515, 531, 534, 597 California v. Hodari D., 499 U.S. 621 (1991) . . . ....................................................................... 255 Calle-Vujiles v. Ashcroft, 320 F.3d 472 (3d Cir. 2003) . . . .......................................................... 392 Calma v. Holder, 663 F.3d 868 (7th Cir. 2011) . . . ............................................................. 153, 368 Camara v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 361 (4th Cir. 2004) . . . ................................................................ 145 Camara v. Municipal Ct., 387 U.S. 523 (1967) . . . ............................................................. 246, 271 Cameron v. Thornburgh, 983 F.2d 253 (D.C. Cir. 1993) . . . ...................................................... 563 Camins v. Gonzales, 500 F.3d 872 (9th Cir. 2007) . . . ................................................ 482, 690, 728 Camp v. Pitts, 411 U.S. 138 (1973) . . . ....................................................................................... 582 Campbell, U.S. ex rel. v. Pate, 401 F.2d 55 (7th Cir. 1968) . . . .......................................... 209, 571 Campos v. INS, 62 F.3d 311 (9th Cir. 1995) . . . .......................................................................... 600 Campos v. Nail, 43 F.3d 1285 (9th Cir. 1994) . . . ............................................................... 200, 531 Camposeco-Montejo v. Ashcroft, 384 F.3d 814 (9th Cir. 2004) . . . ...................................... 56, 145 Campos-Sanchez v. INS, 164 F.3d 448 (9th Cir. 1999) . . . .......................................................... 214 Cano-Merida v. INS, 311 F.3d 960 (9th Cir. 2002) . . . ............... 116, 123, 160, 216, 239, 319, 409 Cano-Saldarriaga v. Holder, 729 F.3d 25 (1st Cir. 2013) . . . ....................................................... 98 Capogrosso v. Supreme Court of N.J., 588 F.3d 180 (3d Cir. 2009) . . . ..................................... 842 Carachuri-Rosendo v. Holder, 560 U.S. 563 (2010) . . . ............................................................. 410 Carafas v. LaVallee, 391 U.S. 234 (1968) . . . ..................................................................... 452, 501 Carbonell v. INS, 429 F.3d 894 (9th Cir. 2005) . . . ............................................................. 873, 874 Cardenas v. Lynch, 826 F.3d 1164 (9th Cir. 2016) . . . ................................................ 606, 637, 638 Cardenas-Delgado v. Holder, 720 F.3d 1111 (9th Cir. 2013) . . . ............................................... 735 Cardoso v. Reno, 216 F.3d 512 (5th Cir. 2000) . . . ..................................................................... 525 Cardoso-Tlaseca v. Gonzales, 460 F.3d 1102 (9th Cir. 2006) . . . ....................................... 379, 399 Cardoza-Fonseca; INS v., 480 U.S. 421 (1987) . . . ............................ 676, 677, 694, 758, 816, 830 Carlton; U.S. v., 512 U.S. 26 (1994) . . . ...................................................................................... 716 Caro v. Calderon, 165 F.3d 1223 (9th Cir. 1999) . . . .................................................................. 388 Carpio v. Holder, 592 F.3d 1091 (10th Cir. 2010) . . . ................................................................ 692 Carranza-De Salinas v. Gonzales, 477 F.3d 200 (5th Cir. 2007) . . . ............................ 59, 728, 730 Carrillo, Matter of, 17 I&N Dec. 30 (BIA 1979) . . . .................................................................. 294 Carroll v. U.S., 267 U.S. 132 (1925) . . . ............................................................................. 248, 261 Carson v. Billings Police Dep't, 470 F.3d 889 (9th Cir. 2006) . . . .............................................. 890 Casa De Md., Inc. v. Department of Homeland Sec., 924 F.3d 684 (4th Cir. 2019) . . . ..... 515, 542, ....................................................................................................................................... 551 Casa De Md., Inc. v. Trump, 414 F. Supp. 3d 760 (D. Md. 2019) . . . ........................................... 27 Casares-Castellon v. Holder, 603 F.3d 1111 (9th Cir. 2010) . . . ................................................ 712 Casas v. Devane, 2015 U.S. Dist. Lexis 156736 (N.D. Ill. Nov. 19, 2015) . . . ........................... 463 Casas-Castrillon v. Department of Homeland Sec., 535 F.3d 942 (9th Cir. 2008) . . . 460, 468, .............................................................................................................. 489, 493, 494, 504 Castañeda v. Souza, 952 F. Supp. 2d 307 (D. Mass. 2013). . . .................... 465, 466, 673, 678, 692 Castaneda-Castillo v. Holder, 723 F.3d 48 (1st Cir. 2013) . . . ................... 860, 866, 867, 874, 875 Castaneda-Delgado v. INS, 525 F.2d 1295 (7th Cir. 1975) . . . ................................... 198, 223, 239 Castilho de Oliveira v. Holder, 564 F.3d 892 (7th Cir. 2009) . . . ............................................... 217 Castillo v. ICE Field Office Dir., 907 F. Supp. 2d 1235 (W.D. Wash. 2012) . . . ........................ 474 Castillo v. Pratt, 162 F. Supp. 2d 575 (N.D. Tex. 2001) . . . ....................................................... 511 Castillo-Perez v. INS, 212 F.3d 518 (9th Cir. 2000) . . . .............................................. 243, 385, 409 Castillo-Villagra v. INS, 972 F.2d 1017 (9th Cir. 1992) . . . .................................................. 61, 220 Castracani v. Chertoff, 377 F. Supp. 2d 71 (D.D.C. 2005) . . . ............................................ 659, 663 Castrejon-Garcia v. INS, 60 F.3d 1359 (9th Cir. 1995) . . . ........................................................... 90 Castro v. Department of Homeland Sec., 835 F.3d 422 (3d Cir. 2016) . . . ................. 303, 437, 438



Castro v. Holder, 727 F.3d 125 (1st Cir. 2013) . . . ..................................................................... 155 Castro-Cortez v. INS, 239 F.3d 1037 (9th Cir. 2001) . . . .............................................. 70, 325, 328 Castro-O'Ryan v. INS, 847 F.2d 1307 (9th Cir. 1988) . . . ............................................. 222–24, 885 Castro-Tum, Matter of, 27 I&N Dec. 271 (A.G. 2018) . . . ......................................................... 712 Catalina Arreguin De Rodriguez, Matter of, 21 I&N Dec. 38 (BIA 1995) . . . ........... 170, 174, 175 Catholic Soc. Servs., Inc. v. Ashcroft, 268 F. Supp. 2d 1172 (E.D. Cal. 2002) . . . ........................ 38 Catholic Soc. Servs., Inc. v. INS, 232 F.3d 1139 (9th Cir. 2000) . . . ................... 188, 341, 533, 553 Catholic Soc. Servs., Inc. v. Napolitano, 837 F. Supp. 2d 1059 (E.D. Cal. 2011) . . . ......... 886, 897 Catholic Soc. Servs., Inc.; Reno v., 509 U.S. 43 (1993) . . . ............................. 41, 84, 515, 516, 527 Catholic Soc. Servs., Inc. v. Reno, No. Cv. S-86-1343-LKK (E.D. Cal. Nov. 1986) . . . ............... 76 Catholic Soc. Servs., Inc. v. Reno, No. Cv. S-98-629-LKK (E.D. Cal. Apr. 1998) . . . ................. 76 Cazalas v. Department of Justice, 660 F.2d 612 (5th Cir. 1981) . . . ........................................... 792 Cazalas v. Department of Justice, 709 F.2d 1051 (5th Cir. 1983) . . . ................... 789, 791, 793–95 Cazares v. Barber, 959 F.2d 753 (9th Cir. 1992) . . . ................................................................... 888 Cazun v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 856 F.3d 249 (3d Cir. 2017) . . . .......................................................... 321 CBS v. FCC, 454 F.2d 1018 (D.C. Cir. 1971) . . . ........................................................................ 696 CDI Info. Servs., Inc. v. Reno, 278 F.3d 616 (6th Cir. 2002) . . . ................................................. 154 Cece v. Holder, 733 F.3d 662 (7th Cir. 2013) . . . ........................................................................ 110 Cedar Coal Co. v. United Mine Workers of Am., 560 F.2d 1153 (4th Cir. 1977) . . . .................... 33 Cedars-Sinai Med. Ctr. v. Shalala, 125 F.3d 765 (9th Cir. 1997) . . . ......................................... 555 Celestin v. U.S. Dep't of State Bureau of Consular Affairs, 2020 U.S. Dist. Lexis 40540 (E.D.N.Y.

2020) . . . ....................................................................................................................... 634 Celis-Castellano v. Ashcroft, 298 F.3d 888 (9th Cir. 2002) . . . ................................................... 360 Cen v. Attorney Gen., 825 F.3d 177 (3d Cir. 2016) . . . ............................................................... 115 Centennial Archaeology v. AECOM, 688 F.3d 673 (10th Cir. 2012) . . . .................................... 890 Centeno v. Schultz, 817 F.2d 1212 (5th Cir. 1987). . . ................................................................. 621 Centeno-Ortiz v. Culley, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 5910 (S.D. Cal. 2012) . . . ......................... 39, 408 Center for Biological Diversity v. Hamilton, 453 F.3d 1331 (11th Cir. 2006) . . . ...................... 556 Center for Food Safety v. Johanns, 451 F. Supp. 2d 1165 (D. Haw. 2006) . . . ........................... 864 Centurion v. Sessions, 860 F.3d 69 (2d Cir. 2013) . . . ................................................................ 743 Cerezo v. Mukasey, 512 F.3d 1163 (9th Cir. 2008) . . . ........................................................ 115, 370 Cerrillo-Perez v. INS, 809 F.2d 1419 (9th Cir. 1987) . . . ............................................................ 832 Cervantes v. Holder, 597 F.3d 229 (4th Cir. 2010) . . . ................................................................ 111 Cervantes-Gonzalez v. INS, 244 F.3d 1001 (9th Cir. 2001) . . . ................................................... 739 Cervantez v. Sullivan, 739 F. Supp. 517 (E.D. Cal. 1990) . . . ..................................................... 865 Cevilla v. Gonzales, 446 F.3d 658 (7th Cir. 2006) . . . ................................................................. 393 Chacon-Botero v. Attorney Gen., 427 F.3d 954, (11th Cir. 2005) . . . ......................................... 186 Chacon-Corral v. Weber, 259 F. Supp. 2d 1151 (D. Colo. 2003) . . . ................................. 410, 448 Chadha v. INS, 634 F.2d 408 (9th Cir. 1980), aff'd, 462 U.S. 919 (1983) . . . .................................... ................................................................ 21, 23, 32, 36, 147, 167, 180, 236, 296, 425, 635 Chae Chan Ping v. U.S., 130 U.S. 581 (1889) . . . ............... 296, 608, 635, 803, 804, 806, 811, 813 Chaidez v. Gonzales, 486 F.3d 1079 (9th Cir. 2007) . . . ..................................................... 354, 358 Chakonos v. City of Chi., 42 F.3d 1132 (7th Cir. 1994) . . . ......................................................... 382 Chalmers v. City of L.A., 796 F.2d 1205 (9th Cir. 1986) . . . ....................................................... 890 Cham v. Attorney Gen., 445 F.3d 683 (3d Cir. 2006) . . . .................... 115, 159, 198, 211, 215, 216 Chamber of Commerce v. Department of Energy, 627 F.2d 289 (D.C. Cir. 1980) . . . .................. 33 Chambers v. Florida, 309 U.S. 227 (1940) . . . ............................................................................ 269 Chambers v. NASCO, 501 U.S. 32 (1991) . . . ..................................................................... 887, 888 Chambers v. Reno, 307 F.3d 284 (4th Cir. 2002) . . . .................................................. 727, 729, 735 Champion v. Holder, 626 F.3d 952 (7th Cir. 2010) . . . ....................................................... 158, 172 Chan v. Reno, 113 F.3d 1068 (9th Cir. 1997) . . . ........................................................................ 523



Chan v. Reno, 916 F. Supp. 1289 (S.D.N.Y. 1996) . . . ............................................................... 525 Chance v. Zinke, 898 F.3d 1025 (10th Cir. 2018) . . . .................................................................. 555 Chandra v. Holder, 751 F.3d 1034 (9th Cir. 2014) . . . ................................................................ 371 Chang v. U.S., 327 F.3d 911 (9th Cir. 2003) . . . ..................................................... 44, 55, 523, 758 Chapman v. U.S., 365 U.S. 610 (1961) . . . .................................................................................. 253 Charleswell; U.S. v., 456 F.3d 347 (3d Cir. 2006) . . . ................................................................. 241 The Charming Betsy. See Murray v. Schooner Charming Betsy Chaudhry v. Barr, 2019 U.S. Dist. Lexis 132897, 2019 WL 3713762 (E.D. Cal. 2019) . . . ....... 553 Chaunt v. U.S., 364 U.S. 350 (1960) . . . ...................................................................................... 654 Chavarria-Reyes v. Lynch, 845 F.3d 275 (7th Cir. 2016) . . . .......................................... 2, 201, 210 Chavez v. Hott, 940 F.3d 867 (4th Cir. 2019). . . ......................................................................... 474 Chavez-Alvarez v. Warden York Cnty. Prison, 783 F.3d 469 (3d Cir. 2015) . . . ......................... 469 Chavez-Garcia v. Sessions, 871 F.3d 991 (9th Cir. 2017) . . . ....................................................... 68 Chehazeh v. Attorney Gen., 666 F.3d 118 (3d Cir. 2012) . . . .............................. 394, 533, 535, 552 Chen v. Ashcroft, 362 F.3d 611 (9th Cir. 2004) . . . ..................................................................... 214 Chen v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 1081 (9th Cir. 2004) . . . ................................................... 141, 142, 145 Chen v. Bureau of Citizenship & Immigration Servs., 470 F.3d 509 (2d Cir. 2006) . . . .................... ....................................................................................................................... 166, 172, 183 Chen v. Department of Justice, 434 F.3d 144 (2d Cir. 2006) . . . ................................................ 186 Chen v. Gonzales, 417 F.3d 268 (2d Cir. 2005) . . . ..................................................................... 211 Chen v. INS, 87 F.3d 5 (1st Cir. 1996) . . . ................................................................................... 139 Chen v. INS, 266 F.3d 1094 (9th Cir. 2001) . . . ........................................................................... 118 Chen v. INS, 359 F.3d 121 (2d Cir. 2004) . . . .............................................................................. 212 Chen v. Slattery, 842 F. Supp. 597 (D.D.C. 1994) . . . ................................................................. 884 Chenery Corp.; SEC v., 318 U.S. 80 (1943) . . . .................................................... 109, 112–14, 564 Chenery Corp.; SEC v., 332 U.S. 194 (1947) . . . .................. 109, 112–14, 124, 126, 564, 748, 756 Cheng Fan Kwok v. INS, 392 U.S. 206 (1968) . . . ................................................................ 516–18 Chen Zhou Chai v. Carroll, 48 F.3d 1331 (4th Cir. 1995) . . . ..................................................... 751 Chernekoff v. U.S., 219 F.2d 721 (9th Cir. 1955) . . . .......................................................... 196, 573 Chete Juarez v. Ashcroft, 376 F.3d 944 (9th Cir. 2004) . . . ................................................. 145, 359 Cheuk Fung S-Yong v. Holder, 600 F.3d 1028 (9th Cir. 2010) . . . ................................................ 59 Cheung v. INS, 418 F.2d 464 (D.C. Cir. 1969) . . . ...................................................................... 238 Cheung Tin Wong v. INS, 468 F.2d 1123 (D.C. Cir. 1972) . . . .................................................... 257 Chevron Oil Co. v. Huson, 404 U.S. 97 (1971) . . . ............................................................. 755, 761 Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Res. Def. Council, 467 U.S. 837 (1984) . . . .................................... .......................................... 8, 114, 116, 564, 671–701, 703–9, 711, 732, 747, 749, 758–62 Chew v. Rogers, 257 F.2d 606 (D.C. Cir. 1958) . . . ............................................................ 484, 485 Chew Heong v. U.S., 112 U.S. 536 (1884) . . . ............................................................. 718, 725, 804 Chhoeun v. Marin, 306 F. Supp. 3d 1147 (C.D. Cal. 2018) . . . ................................... 341, 343, 347 Chiayu Chang v. USCIS, 254 F. Supp. 3d 160 (D.D.C. 2017) . . . ............................................... 583 Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & P.R. Co. v. U.S., 585 F.2d 254 (7th Cir. 1978) . . . .................. 573 The Chinese Exclusion Case. See Chae Chan Ping v. U.S. Ching v. Mayorkas, 725 F.3d 1149 (9th Cir. 2013) . . . ............................................... 207, 558, 575 Chin Len; U.S. v., 187 Fed. 544 (2d Cir. 1911) . . . ..................................................................... 424 Chin Yow v. U.S., 208 U.S. 8 (1908) . . . ...................................................................................... 428 Chisholm v. FCC, 538 F.2d 349 (D.C. Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 890 (1976) . . . ................... 749 Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 U.S. (2 Dall.) 419 (1793) . . . ................................................. 811, 812, 820 Chlomos v. INS, 516 F.2d 310 (3d Cir. 1975) . . . ........................................................................ 198 Cho v. Gonzales, 404 F.3d 96 (1st Cir. 2005) . . . ........................................................................ 164 Choin v. Mukasey, 537 F.3d 1116 (9th Cir. 2008) . . . ................................................................. 693 Chong v. District Dir., 264 F.3d 378 (3d Cir. 2001) . . . ................................................................ 38



Chong Toua Vue v. Barr, 953 F.3d 1054 (8th Cir. 2020) . . . ...................................................... 393 Chowdhury v. Ashcroft, 241 F.3d 848 (7th Cir. 2001) . . . ................................................... 360, 374 Chowdhury v. INS, 249 F.3d 970 (9th Cir. 2001) . . . .................................................................. 180 Christensen v. Harris Cnty., 529 U.S. 576 (2000) . . . ................................................................. 691 Christopher v. Smithkline Beecham Corp., 132 S. Ct. 2156 (2011) . . . ....................................... 707 Christopher; U.S. v., 239 F.3d 1191 (11th Cir. 2001) . . . ............................................................ 731 Chrysler Corp. v. Brown, 441 U.S. 281 (1979) . . . ..................................................................... 764 Chukwu v. Attorney Gen., 484 F.3d 185 (3d Cir. 2007) . . . ......................................................... 213 Chung Shee; U.S. v., 76 Fed. 951 (9th Cir. 1896) . . . .................................................................. 424 Chupina v. Holder, 570 F.3d 99 (2d Cir. 2009) . . . ....................................................................... 98 Church of Scientology v. Department of Army, 611 F.2d 738 (9th Cir. 1979) . . . ....................... 776 Church of Scientology v. U.S. Postal Serv., 700 F.2d 486 (9th Cir. 1983) . . . .................... 792, 793 Church of Scientology of Cal. v. IRS, 792 F.2d 146 (D.C. Cir. 1986) . . . ................................... 788 Cinapian v. Holder, 567 F.3d 1067 (9th Cir. 2009) . . . ............................................................... 197 Circu v. Gonzales, 450 F.3d 990 (9th Cir. 2006) . . . ................................................................... 212 Citizens for Responsibility & Ethics in Wash. v. Department of Homeland Sec., 648 F. Supp. 2d

152 (D.D.C. 2009) . . . ................................................................................................... 771 Citizens for Responsibility & Ethics in Wash. v. Federal Elections Comm'n, 711 F.3d 180 (D.C.

Cir. 2011) . . . ........................................................................................ 781, 782, 785, 786 Citizens to Preserve Overton Park, Inc. v. Volpe, 401 U.S. 402 (1971) . . . ...................................... ........................................................ 112, 122, 518, 534, 535, 564, 581, 582, 599, 694, 696 City of. See name of city C.J.L.G. v. Barr, 923 F.3d 622 (9th Cir. 2019) . . . ...................................................................... 201 Clark v. Allen, 331 U.S. 503 (1947) . . . ....................................................................................... 829 Clark v. K-Mart Corp., 979 F.2d 965 (3d Cir. 1992) . . . ............................................................... 33 Clark v. Martinez, 543 U.S. 371 (2005) . . . ................................................................... 36, 468, 677 Clarke v. Security Indus. Ass'n, 479 U.S. 388 (1987) . . . ...................................................... 23, 627 Cleveland Bd. of Educ. v. LaFleur, 414 U.S. 632 (1974) . . . ...................................................... 568 Clifton v. Holder, 598 F.3d 486 (8th Cir. 2010) . . . ............................................................. 372, 375 Clinton v. New York, 524 U.S. 417 (1998) . . . ............................................................................... 13 Clymore v. U.S., 217 F.3d 370 (5th Cir. 2000) . . . ...................................................................... 555 Coastal States Gas Corp. v. Department of Energy, 617 F.2d 854 (D.C. Cir. 1980) . . . .................... ............................................................................................................... 769, 771, 777, 778 Cohen v. Virginia, 300 U.S. 264 (1937) . . . .................................................................................. 21 Coit Independence Joint Venture v. FSLIC, 489 U.S. 561 (1989) . . . ..................................... 49, 80 Cojocari v. Sessions, 863 F.3d 616 (7th Cir. July 11, 2017) . . . .......................................... 110, 121 Coker v. Georgia, 433 U.S. 584 (1977) . . . ................................................................................. 828 Cole v. Holder, 659 F.3d 762 (9th Cir. 2011) . . . ........................................................................ 126 Coleman v. Block, 589 F. Supp. 1411 (D.N.D. 1984) . . . ............................................................ 898 Coleman v. U.S., 454 F. Supp. 2d 757 (N.D. Ill. 2006) . . . ........................................................... 19 Colgate-Palmolive Co.; FTC v., 380 U.S. 374 (1965) . . . ........................................................... 672 Colindres-Aguilar v. INS, 819 F.2d 259 (9th Cir. 1987) . . . ................................................ 224, 242 Collado, Matter of, 21 I&N Dec. 1061 (BIA 1998) . . . ....................................... 478, 479, 482, 578 Collado-Munoz, Matter of, 21 I&N Dec. 1061 (BIA 1998) . . . ................................................... 725 Collins v. Commodity Futures Trading Comm'n, 737 F. Supp. 1467 (N.D. Ill. 1990) . . . .......... 577 Collins v. Harker Heights, 503 U.S. 115 (1992) . . . .................................................................... 572 Colmenar v. INS, 210 F.3d 967 (9th Cir. 2000) . . . 109, 160, 192, 205, 216, 319 Comite de Jornaleros de Redondo Beach v. City of Redondo Beach, 657 F.3d 936 (9th Cir. 2011) .

. . ..................................................................................................................................... 26 Commercial Solvents Corp. v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co., 371 F. Supp. 247 (S.D.N.Y. 1974) . . . ..... 199 Committee for Immigrant Rights v. County of Sonoma, 644 F. Supp. 2d 1177 (N.D. Cal. 2009) . . .



......................................................................................................................................... 20 Commonwealth Utils. Corp. v. Johnson, 245 F. Supp. 3d 1239 (N. Mar. Is. 2017) . . . ............... 558 Communications Satellite Corp. v. FCC, 836 F.2d 623 (D.C. Cir. 1988) . . . ........................ 566–67 Communist Party of U.S. v. Subversive Activities Control Bd., 367 U.S. 1 (1961) . . . ................ 806 Comollari v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 694 (7th Cir. 2004) . . . ............................................................. 113 Compean, Matter of, 24 I&N Dec. 710 (AG 2009) . . . ............................................... 224, 229, 369 Compean, Matter of, 25 I&N Dec. 1 (AG 2009) . . . ........................................................... 224, 383 Compere v. Nielsen, 358 F. Supp. 3d 170 (D.N.H. 2019) . . . ...................................................... 346 Computerware, Inc. v. Knotts, 626 F. Supp. 956 (E.D.N.C. 1986) . . . ........................................ 561 Concentrated Phosphate Exp. Ass'n; U.S. v., 393 U.S. 199 (1968) . . . ......................................... 31 Connecticut Bd. of Pardons v. Dumschat, 452 U.S. 458 (1981) . . . ............................................ 571 Connolly; U.S. v., 479 F.2d 930 (9th Cir. 1973) . . . .................................................................... 262 Conrad v. Barnhart, 434 F.3d 987 (7th Cir. 2006) . . . ................................................................ 877 Constanza v. Holder, 647 F.3d 749 (8th Cir. 2011) . . . ............................................................... 181 Consumer Fed'n of Am. v. FCC, 348 F.3d 1009 (D.C. Cir. 2003) . . . ........................................... 29 Continental Ill. Sec. Litig., Matter of, 962 F.2d 566 (7th Cir. 1992) . . . ...................................... 896 Contreras-Bocanegra v. Holder, 678 F.3d 811 (10th Cir. 2012) . . . ... 113, 335, 376, 377, 679, 702 Contreras-Rodriguez v. Attorney Gen., 462 F.3d 1314 (11th Cir. 2006) . . . ....................... 357, 379 Cooper v. McGrath, 314 F. Supp. 2d 967 (N.D. Cal. 2004) . . . .................................................. 403 Cooter & Gell v. Hartmarx Corp., 496 U.S. 384 (1990) . . . ....................................................... 567 Copeland; U.S. v., 376 F.3d 61 (2d Cir. 2004) . . . .............................................. 201, 235, 242, 571 Corado-Arriaza v. Lynch, 844 F.3d 74 (1st Cir. 2016) . . . .......................................................... 283 Corcoran v. CBS, Inc., 121 F.2d 575 (9th Cir. 1941) . . . ............................................................ 871 Corder v. Gates, 947 F.2d 374 (9th Cir. 1991) . . . ...................................................................... 890 Cordero-Trejo v. INS, 40 F.3d 482 (1st Cir. 1994) . . . ................................................................ 212 Cordes v. Mukasey, 517 F.3d 1094 (9th Cir. 2008) . . . ................................................................. 95 Cordova, Matter of, 22 I&N Dec. 966 (BIA 1999) . . . ........................................................ 194, 230 Cordova v. Holder, 759 F.3d 332 (4th Cir. 2014) . . . .................................................................. 126 Cordova-Soto v. Holder, 659 F.3d 1029 (10th Cir. 2011) . . . ............................................. 331, 414 Cordova-Soto v. Holder, 732 F.3d 789 (7th Cir. 2013) . . . ................................................. 104, 398 Cornella v. Schweiker, 728 F.2d 978 (8th Cir. 1984) . . . .................................................... 860, 890 Coronado-Durazo

table of decisionstable of decisions 909 copyright © 2020. american immigration lawyers...

Documents