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Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

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Lessons1. Basic Body Structure Go

2. Disease and Immunity Go

Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

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Lesson 1 – Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy

Physiology

Body structures are organized into levels

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Lesson 1 – Cells

Cells

Functions of life

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Lesson 1 – Parts of Cells

Cell membrane

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

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Lesson 1 – Organelles

Organelles

In addition to the nucleus, important organelles include:▫ Mitochondria ▫ Ribosomes ▫ Endoplasmic reticulum ▫ Centrioles ▫ Golgi apparatus ▫ Lysosomes

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Lesson 1 – Metabolism

Metabolism

Anabolism

Catabolism

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Lesson 1 – Cell Reproduction: Mitosis

Mitosis

Supports the growth and maintenance of cells

Cells go through the process at different rates.

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Lesson 1 – Cell Reproduction: Mitosis (Continued)

Steps in mitosis

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Lesson 1 – Cell Reproduction: Meiosis

Meiosis

23 chromosomes

Zygote

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Lesson 1 – Tissue

Tissue

Four major groups of tissue:▫ Epithelial ▫ Connective▫ Muscle ▫ Nervous

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Lesson 1 – Organs and Systems

Organ

System

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Lesson 1 – Organs and Systems (Continued)

The major body systems include:▫ Integumentary system▫ Skeletal system▫ Muscular system▫ Nervous system▫ Sensory system▫ Cardiovascular system▫ Lymphatic system▫ Respiratory system▫ Digestive system▫ Urinary system▫ Endocrine system▫ Reproductive system

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Lesson 2– Homeostasis

Keeping a state of balance in the body

Must preserve a balance of fluids, temperature, oxygen, electrolytes, and nutrients for survival.

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Lesson 2– Interdependence of Body Systems

Systems must work together in order to support human life

Problem in one system may have effects on other systems

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Lesson 2– Abnormal Cell Conditions

Atrophy Hyperplasia Metaplasia Dsyplasia Neoplasia

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Lesson 2– Tumors

Formed when cells divide in an unusual way and an abnormal and uncontrolled growth occurs

Two types of tumors: ▫ benign tumor ▫ malignant tumor

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Lesson 2– Cancer

Common sites of cancer include:▫ Mouth▫ Lungs▫ Breast▫ Colon▫ Uterus▫ Bone marrow

Warning signs and treatment vary with the area affected. Treatment involves surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.

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Lesson 2– Immunity

Body’s ability to resist invaders and diseases they cause

Two general types:▫ Natural immunity ▫ Acquired immunity

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Lesson 2– Natural Immunity

Some diseases that affect other animals normally do not affect human beings.

Body systems work together to provide defenses against invaders▫ physically▫ chemically

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Lesson 2– Acquired Immunity

Natural acquired immunity

Artificial acquired immunity

Passive acquired immunity

Active acquired immunity