NORMAS -ASTMPRINCIPALES NORMAS ASTM (E - 4) RELACIONADAS DIRECTAMENTE A LA PRACTICA METALOGRAFICA.E-3PREPARACION DE MUESTRAS METALOGRAFICASE-7DETERMINOLOGIA RELATIVA A LA METALOGRAFIA.Vol. 03-01E-45METODO DE ENSAYO PARA LA DETERMINACION DEL CONTENIDO DE INCLUSIONES.E-82METODO DE ENSAYO PARA DETERMINAR LA ORIENTACION DE UN CRISTAL METALICO.Vol. 03-01E-112METODO DE ENSAYO PARA DETERMINAR EL TAMAO DE GRANO PROMEDIO.E-340METODO DE ENSAYO PARA EL MACROATAQUE DE METALES Y ALEACIONES.E-381METODO PARA LA PRUEBA DE MACROATAQUE DE BARRAS REDONDAS, CUADRADAS Y FORJAS DE ACERO.E-10-12METODO PARA PRUEBAS DE DUREZAS BRINELLE-18-12METODO PARA PRUEBAS DE DUREZAS ROCKWELLE-384-11METODO PARA ENSAYO DE LA MICRODUREZA DE MATERIALES.E-407PRACTICA PARA EL MICROATAQUE DE METALES Y ALEACIONES.E-562METODO DE ENSAYO PARA DETERMINAR LA FRACCION DE VOLUMEN POR CONTEO SISTEMATICO MANUAL DE PUNTOS.E-768PRACTICA PARA PREPARAR Y EVALUAR ESPECIMENES POR INSPECCION AUTOMATICA DE INCLUSIONES EN ACEROS.E-807PRACTICA PARA LA EVALUACION DEL LABORATORIO METALOGRAFICO.E-883GUIA PARA FOTOGRAFIA DE LUZ REFLEJADAE-1077METODOS DE ENSAYO PARA ESTIMAR LA PROFUNDIDAD DE DESCARBURIZACION.E-1122PRACTICA PARA OBTENER CLASIFICACIONES DE INCLUSIONES JK USANDO ANALISIS DE IMGENES.E-1181METODOS DE ENSAYO PARA CARACTERIZAR TAMAO DE GRANO DUPLEX.E-1182METODOS DE ENSAYO PARA LA MEDICION DE ESPESOR DEL RECUBRIMIENTOS SUPERFICIALES POR SECCION RADIAL.Vol.01-01 pag 2ASTM A53CEDULA 80Vol.01-05ASTM A29CEDULA 80

Brinell HardnessBrinell Hardness Chart 10MM Ball IndenterFORCE 3000 Kg.DIAMETER MMHBNHRb2.545822.555782.565732.575692.585642.595602.65552.615512.625472.635432.645382.655.342.665302.675262.685222.695182.75142.715102.725072.735032.744992.754952.764922.774882.784852.794812.84772.814742.824712.834672.844642.854612.864572.874542.884512.894482.94442.914412.924382.934352.944322.954292.964262.974232.984202.9941734153.014123.024093.034063.044043.054013.063983.073963.083933.093903.13883.113853.123833.133803.143783.153753.163733.173703.183683.193663.23632.213613.223593.233563.243543.253523.263503.273473.283453.293433.33413.313393.323373.333353.343333.353313.363293.373273.383253.393233.43213.413193.423173.433153.443133.453113.463093.473073.483063.493043.53023.513003.522983.532973.542953.552933.562923.572903.582883.592873.62853.612833.622823.632803.642783.652773.662753.672743.682723.692713.72693.712683.722663.732653.742633.752623.762603.772593.782573.792563.82553.812533.822523.832503.842493.852483.862463.872453.882443.892423.92413.912401003.922393.932373.942363.952353.96234993.972323.982313.9923042294.01228984.022264.032254.042244.052234.06222974.072214.082194.092184.12174.11216964.122154.132144.142134.152124.162114.17210954.182094.192084.22074.212064.22204944.232034.242024.252014.26200934.271994.281984.291984.31974.311964.32195924.331944.341934.351924.361914.37190914.381894.391884.41874.411864.42185904.431854.441844.451834.461824.471814.48180894.491794.51794.511784.521774.53176884.541754.551744.561744.571734.58172874.591714.61704.611704.62169864.631684.641674.651674.661664.67165854.681644.691644.71634.71162844.721614.731614.741604.75159834.761584.771584.781574.79156824.81564.811554.821544.831544.84153814.851524.861524.871514.88150804.891504.91494.911484.921484.93147794.941464.951464.961454.97144784.981444.9914351435.011425.02141775.031415.041405.051405.06139765.071385.081385.09137755.11375.111365.12135745.131355.141345.151345.161335.171335.18132735.191325.21315.21130725.221305.231295.241295.251285.261285.27127715.281275.291265.31265.311255.32125705.331245.341245.35123695.361235.371225.381225.39121685.41215.411205.421205.43119675.441195.451185.461185.47117665.481175.49116655.51165.511155.521155.53114645.541145.551145.561135.571135.58112635.591125.61115.611115.62110625.631105.641105.651095.661095.67108615.681085.69107605.71075.711075.72106595.731065.741055.751055.761055.77104585.781045.79103575.81035.811035.821025.831025.84101565.851015.861015.87100555.8899.95.8999.55.999.2

Tablas de conversionesHardened steel and hard alloysC 150 kg BraleA 60 kg BraleD 100 kg Brale15-N 15 kg Brale30-N 30 kg Brale45-N 45 kg BraleHV VICKERS 10 KGHK 500 gr & overHB 3000 kg 10 mm ballG 150 kg 1/16" BallKSI 1000 lbs/sq. InchRockwellRockwellRockwellSuperficialSuperficialSuperficialvickersknoopBrinellRockwellTensile Strength8092.086.596.5928718657991.585.596.391.586.517877891.084.5969185.517107790.58495.890.584.5163376908395.59083.515567589.582.595.38982.51478748981.59588.581.514007388.58194.88880.5132372888094.58779.51245717779.594.386.578.511607086.578.5948677.510769728585984.769867893.5857610049468686961.96885.676.993.284.475.49409208787940.0678576.192.988.374.29008958988918.76684.575.492.582.873.3865870N/A9089898.26583.974.592.281.9728328467399190878.36483.473.891.881.1718008227229391559.16382.87391.480.169.97727997069492840.66282.372.291.179.368.87467766889593822.66181.871.590.778.467.77207546709794805.26081.270.790.277.566.66977326549895788.35980.769.989.876.665.5674710634351100967725880.169.289.375.764.365369061533810197756.15779.668.588.974.863.263367059532510398740.8567967.788.373.96261365057731310499725.95578.566.987.97360.9595630560301106100711.5547866.187.47259.8577612543292107101697.45377.465.486.971.258.6560594525283109102683.85276.864.686.470.257.4544576512273111103670.65176.363.885.969.456.1528558496264112104657.85075.963.185.568.555513542481255114105645.34975.262.18567.653.8498526469246116106633.24874.761.484.566.752.5484510455238118107621.44774.160.883.965.851.44714954432291191086104673.66083.564.850.3458480432221121109598.84573.659.28364494464664212151231105884472.558.882.563.147.8434452409208125111577.4437257.78262.246.7423438400201127112567.24271.556.981.561.345.5412426390194129113557.24170.956.290.960.444.3402414381188131114547.44070.455.480.459.543.13924023711821331155383969.954.679.958.641.9382391362177134116528.73869.453.879.457.740.8372380353171136117519.73768.953.178.856.839.63633703441661381185113668.452.378.355.938.4354360336161140119502.43567.951.577.75537.2345251327156142120494.13467.450.877.254.236.1336342319152144121485.93366.85076.653.334.93273343111491451224783266.349.276.152.133.7318326301146147123470.33165.848.475.651.332.5310318294N/A141149124462.73065.347.77550.431.330231128692138151125455.32964.64774.549.530.129430427991135152126448.12864.346.173.948.628.928629727190131154127441.12763.845.273.347.727.827929026489128156128434.22663.344.672.846.826.727228425888125158129427.52562.843.872.245.925.5266278253871231591304212462.443.171.64524.326027224786119161131414.6236242.1714423.125426624384.5117163132408.32261.541.670.543.22224826123783.5115165133402.2216140.969.942.320.724325623182.511216613449.22060.540.169.441.519.523825122681110168135490.4Although conversion tables dealing with hardness can only be approximate,it is of considerable value to be able to compare different hardness scales.This table is based on the assumption that the metal tested is homogeneuosto a depth several times as great as the depth of the indentation.The indentation hardness values measured on the various scales depend onthe work hardening behavior of the material during the test, and this in turndepends on the degree of previous cold working of the material.The "B" scale relationships in the table are based largely on annealed metalsfor the low values and cold worked metals for the higher values.Therefore, annealed metals of high B-scale hardness such as austeniticsStaninless steels, nikels and high nikel alloys do not conform closely tothese general tables.Neither do cold-worked metals of low B-scale hardness such as aluminumand the softer alloys. Special correlations are needed for more exactrelationships in these cases, all values are consistent with ASTM E-140Tables 1 and 2, and ASTM A-370 Tables 3A and 3B, where applicable.Microficial number values were developed in the Wilson StandardsLaboratoryNote: 1 A 10mm steel ball is used for 450BHN and below.A 10mm carbide ball is uded above 450BHN.Note: The tensile strength relation to hardness is inexact, even for steel,unless it is determined for a specific material.

NOTE 1

EspecificacionesTABLA DE ESPECIFICACIONES DE CAPA Y DUREZASNUMERO DE PARTEDUREZA H15NCAPA EFECTIVA EN ESFERACAPA EFECTIVA EN CUELLOMODELO DE FIGURATRATAMIENTO TERMICOOBSERVS.AXC8151187 MIN0,020" MINN/AFIG 3AXC8151387 MIN0,020" MINN/AFIG 3AXC8140087 MIN0,020" M IN0,040" MIN.FIG 8AXC8133687 MIN0,020" M IN0,040" MIN.FIG 8AXC8118587 MIN0,020" M IN0,040" MIN.FIG 8AXC8122887 MIN0,020" M IN0,040" MIN.FIG 8AXC4201387 MIN0,020" M IN0,040" MIN.FIG 8AXC8055687 MIN0,020" M IN0,040" MIN.FIG 8AXC8050487 MIN0,020" M IN0,040" MIN.FIG 6AXC7508P89 MIN0,020" A 0,110"N/AN/A23-28 T. TOTALAXC7526MP189 MIN0,020" A 0,060"N/AN/A26-30 T.TOTALAXC743089 MIN0,030" A 0,130"N/AN/AAXC84413P89 MIN0,030" A 0,100"N/AN/AAXC899289 MIN0,020" A 0,060"N/AN/AAXC9319,9312,89 MIN0,020" A 0,090"N/AN/ASTUD ITRE85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AN/ASTUD ITRE89 MIN0,005" A 0,010"N/AP/PLANA58-62 HRc0,040" A 0,050"N/AN/A201-157-62 HRc0,035" A 0,045"N/AN/A201-257-62 HRc0,035" A 0,045"N/AN/AP/EXT58-62 HRc0,040" A 0,050"N/AN/AP/EXT58-62 HRc0,045" A 0,055"N/AN/AHOUSING85-87 H15N0,015" A 0,022"N/AN/ACARBURIZADOHOUSING89 MIN0,015" A 0,022"N/AN/AHOUSING 60057P89 MIN0,020" A 0,090"N/AN/AAXC8272689 MIN0,020" A 0,060"N/AN/AAXC8413189 MIN0,080" MinN/AN/AscorpionAXC8413289 MIN0,080" MinN/AN/AscorpionCQRBUNITRURADO89 MIN,005 A 0,010N/AN/A14021189 MIN0,020" A 0,028"CAPA TOTALN/Abuje pueblaHXC56059-64 HRc0,035" A 0,070"N/AN/AblockwingHOUSING89 MIN0,030" A 0,100"N/AN/AmaquinqdoHOUSING 899289 MIN0,020" A 0,060"N/AN/AtropicalizaPTT89 MIN0,020" A 0,090"N/AFg 3ESTUD87 MIN0,020"A 0,40"MINN/AFg 8induccionESTUD ITRI85MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFg 3induccion836989 MIN0,30" A 0,100"N/AN/AAXC8375789 MIN0,030" A 0,100"N/AN/A28 - 31 t.total8369289 MIN0,30" A 0,100"N/AN/AAXC8392789 MIN0,30" A 0,100"N/AN/A4299685 MIN0,60" A 0,100"N/AN/A8243885 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AN/AHOUSING 930189 MIN0,030" A 0,100"N/AN/AAXC 7605P89 H15N0,030" A 0,090"N/AN/AAXC743089H15N0,030" A 0,150"N/AN/AAXC8469389 H15N0,020" A 0,120"N/AN/AAXC82596P89 H15N0,020" A 0,120"AXC83581P89 H15N0,030" A 0,100"SK8365-16AP89 H15N0,30" A 0,100"SK-9002P89 H15N0,030" A 0,100"SK9149P89 H15N0,030" A 0,100"AXC9301P89 H15N0,020" A 0,100"AXC84186P89 H15N0,030" A 0,100"AXC84120P89 H15N0,030" A 0,100"AXC84068P89 H15N0,030" A 0,100"AXC42792MP89 H15N0,020" A 0,080"AXC5782MP89 H15N0,030 A 0,100"AXC7580P89 H15N0,030" A 0,100"AXC80626MP89 H15N0,020" A 0,060"AXC82725P89 H15N0,020 A 0,060"23-28 T. TOTALAXC82726P89 H15N0,020" A 0,060"23-28 T.TOTALAXC82796P89 H15N0,20" A 0,060"23-28 T.TOTALAXC82825MP89 H15N0,030" A 0,100"AXC82847P89 H15N0,020" A 0,060"AXC82856P89 H15N0,020" A 0,060"AXC83628P89 H15N0,080" A 0,150"AXC 83822P89 H15N0,020" A 0,120"AXC83823P89 H15N0,020" A 0,120"AXC9345P89 H15N0,020" A 0,060"AXC9346P89 H15N0,020" A 0,090"AXC60164P89 H15N0,030" A 0,100"AXC60165P89 H15N0,030" A 0,100"AXC84127P89 H15N0,020" A 0,120"AXC83878P89 H15N0,020" A 0,120"23-28 T.TOTALAXC83879P89 H15N0,020" A 0,120"23-28 T.TOTALAXC8379785 H15N0,060" A 0,100"AXC84132P89 H15N0,080" A 0,150"AXC84685P89 H15N0,020" A 0,11026-30 T.TOTALAXC84430P89 H15N0,020" A 0,110"AXC42428HT87 MIN0,020" MIN0,040" MIN.Fig-828-35 T.TOTALAXC42767HT87 MIN0,020" MIN0,040" MIN.Fig-828-35 T.TOTALAXC42869HT87 MIN0,020" MIN0,040" MIN.Fig-828-35 T.TOTALAXC80504HT87 MIN0,020" MIN0,040" MIN.Fig-628-35 T.TOTALAXC80556HT87 MIN0,020" MIN0,040" MIN.Fig-828-35 T.TOTALAXC81086HT87 MIN0,020" MIN0,040" MIN.Fig-828-35 T.TOTALAXC81167HT87 MIN0,020" MINN/AFig-328-35 T.TOTALAXC81178HT87 MIN0,020" MIN0,040" MIN.Fig-828-35 T.TOTALAXC81185HT87 MIN0,020" MIN0,040" MIN.Fig-828-35 T.TOTALAXC81228HT87 MIN0,020" MIN0,040" MIN.Fig-828-35 T.TOTALAXC813336HT87 MIN0,020" MIN0,040" MIN.Fig-828-35 T.TOTALAXC81400HT87 MIN0,020" MIN0,040" MIN.Fig-828-35 T.TOTALAXC81556HT87 MIN0,020" MIN0,040" MIN.Fig-828-35 COREAXC82511HT87 MIN0,020" MINN/AFig-328-35 COREAXC82512HT87 MIN0,020" MINN/AFig-328-35 COREAXC82513HT87 MIN0,020" MIN0,040" MIN.Fig-828-35 COREAXC82569HT87 MIN0,020" MINN/AFig-328-35 COREAXC82626HT87 MIN0,020" MINN/AFig-328-35 COREAXC82630HT87 MIN0,020" MINN/AFig-328-35 COREAXC82730HT87 MIN0,020" MINN/AFig-328-35 COREAXC82731HT87 MIN0,020" MINN/AFig-328-35 COREAXC82747HT87 MIN0,020" MINN/AFig-328-35 CORESK-9000-287 MIN0,020" MINN/AFig-328-35 T.TOTALSK915887 MIN0,020" MINN/AFig-328-35 T.TOTALAXC43131HT87 MIN0,020" MINN/AFig-328-35 COREAXC945887 MIN0,020" MIN0,040" MIN.Fig-628-35 COREAXC43133HT87 MIN0,020" MIN0,040" MINFig-828-35 T.TOTALAXC80590HT87 MIN0,020" MIN0,040" MINFig-828-35 T.TOTALAXC84267HT87 MIN0,020" MIN0,040" MINFig-828-35 T.TOTALAXC84268HT87 MIN0,020" MIN0,040" MINFig-828-35 T.TOTALAXC84137HT87 MIN0,020" MIN0,040" MINFig-328-35 T.TOTALAXC84510HT87 MIN0,020" MIN0,040"MINFig-628-35 COREAXC40716M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC40947M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC40993M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41019M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41046M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41060M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41079M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41103M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41109M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41123M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41128M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41151M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41155M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41158M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41191M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41220M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41222M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41224M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41236M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41240M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41364M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41430M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41457M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41545M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41548M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41590M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41593M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41642M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41644M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41647M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41648M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41880M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41893MP85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41923M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41930M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41963M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC42996M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC43036M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC82438M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC82495M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC82565M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC82878M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC83227M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC83632M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC83796M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC83797M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC83801M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC83806M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC83946M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC83947M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC82374M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC84529M85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 COREAXC41893MP85 MIN0,060" A 0,100"N/AFig-320-35 CORE890387 MIN0,020"Fig-

POTENCIAL CARBONOPOTENCIAL DE CARBONOPESO FINAL - PESO INICIALX 100+,10PESO INICIALEJEMPLOPESO FINAL3.5331PESO INICIAL3.5000% DE CARBONO1.0457