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An Operating System (OS) is an interface between

hardware and user which is responsible for the

management and coordination of activities and the

sharing of the resources of the computer that acts as a

host for computing applications run on the machine.

Basic functions of OS :

CPU scheduling

Memory management

Storage management I/O managemnt

Multi-user support

Security

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In 1980, IBM has an agreement with Microsoft so that the

later will produce an operating system for IBM PC.

Microsoft introduced MS-DOS in 1981.

Later on, Microsoft decided to sell MS-DOS to IBM

compatible PC.

Since then, Microsoft dominates the PC operating

system market until now.

The last version of MS-DOS (version 6.22) was released

in 1994. While MS-DOS is not used commonly today, it still can

be accessed from Windows by clicking Start / Run and

typing command orCMD.

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MS-DOS is a command based operating system.

Users have to type in text command in the

command prompt to operate the computer.

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Features of MS-DOS :

Used text based command

Support single user only

No network supportAdvantage of MS-DOS :

Fast

Disadvantages of MS-DOS :

Not user friendly, have to remember commands No Plug-n-Play support, installing new hardware could

be troublesome

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In order to make its MS-

DOS more user friendly,

Microsoft introduced

Windows 1.0 in 1985.

Windows 1.0 is agraphical user interface

(GUI) shell program run

on top of MS-DOS.

Windows was not popularuntil version 3.1 and 3.11

(early 1990s).

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In 1995, Microsoft released a true GUI operating systemcalled Windows 95.

Microsoft Windows 98 was released in June 1998followed by Microsoft Windows 98 SE (Second Edition)

in May 1999. Microsoft Windows 2000 was released in February

2000. Microsoft Windows ME (Millennium) released in July

2000.

Microsoft Windows XP was released on October 25,2001.

Microsoft Windows Vista was released in January 2007. Microsoft Windows 7 was released in Nov 2009.

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Features of Windows 9x / XP / Vista / 7 :

User friendly

Support Plug-n-Play

Support multi-user Support networking

Support larger harddisk partition (Windows 98 and

above)

Better multimedia support Better graphic support

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Different OS has different hardware requirements which

include CPU speed, amount of memory, hard drive

space, graphics requirement, etc.

For example, Windows 7 has the following hardware

requirements :

1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64) processor

1 gigabyte (GB) RAM (32-bit) or 2 GB RAM (64-bit)

16 GB available hard disk space (32-bit) or 20 GB (64-bit)

DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver We should only install the OS if our computer meets or

exceeds the recommended hardware requirements.

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Make sure you have the Windows 7 Setup Disk. To start the installation, first check that the first boot device

in your system BIOS is set to the CD-ROM Drive.

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To begin insert your Windows 7 Setup Disk into the CD-

ROM/DVD-ROM and reboot you computer. Setup

program will be loaded (this may take a few minutes).

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Now select your install Language, Time and CurrencyFormat, plus keyboard type, once you are happy with the

settings, Click on "NEXT" to continue.

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From the next screen click on "Install Now" to continue

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Now the "License agreement"..... ....read them and clickon "I accept the License terms", then click "Next" to

continue.

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Now the "Type of installation". Click on "Custom(Advanced) to continue..

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Hard drive setup comes next. Click next for "AutomaticHarddrive setup using full capacity", otherwise click on

"Drive Options" to configure the drive yourself.

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To setup the harddrive, click on "NEW and type theamount of size you wish to use and click on "APPLY".

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The partitions are now setup, select the partition thatsays "Primary" underneath "Type" and click on "Format"

to finalize the hard drives setup.

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Now the "Where do you want Windows to go question"select the drive you created ("Disk 0 Partition 2" in my

case), the same drive that you formated in the previous

step....

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Windows will now begin copying files

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Once done it will begin expanding the copied files

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Now, installing features, and then installing updates (ifany)

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Wait 10 seconds for restart or click "Restart" to restartimmediately.

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After the computer is restarted, Windows will run for thefirst time and update registry settings.

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Updating services and completing installation...

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Another restart is needed

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Once Windows is completely loaded, it prompts forusername and computername. Fill up and click Next.

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Next the password setting screen, fill in the passwordbox, retype to confirm, and leave yourself a hint in case it

become forgotten. Click Next to continue.

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You will now need your Windows "Product Key". This willbe on the disk packaging provided with your CD's/DVD's,

or from Microsoft's website just before downloading.

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Now the built in Windows protection modes. It isrecommended to select "Use Recommended settings",

this will enable updates to be downloaded and installed.

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Next, confirm the time zone is correct and also the timeand date. Time and date is from the BIOS, but "Time

Zone" needs to be set.

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Now your Network configuration, if you want to setup the

new "homegroup" network system for easy to configure,

password protected configuration, then use this option.

If you want a standard network setup then use "WorkNetwork", allowing you to browse and see other

computers.

The last option is publicnetwork, use this when you areconnected to unsafe network (like public places).

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Windows 7 will now finalize your settings

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Finally

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If you are lucky you will have no drivers to install, butchances are the next step will be to install them. Checkout device manager for unknown devices, likely items areNetwork Cards, Sound Cards, Printers, Scanners,

Graphics Cards, Digital Cameras, etc.

Also installing anti-virus software, spyware software andpossibly a 3rd party Firewall are a must for any computer.

Windows Update is very successful in finding manydrivers, so try running it for a few hours, and after a fewboots you may find all items installed and ready for use