t r a n s i t d e s i g n f o r t o d making transit behave designing transit for tod · 2012. 6....

PlaceMaking

T R A N S I T D E S I G N F O R T O D

Making Transit Behave

Designing Transit for TOD



GB Arrington [email protected]

PlaceMaking






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What will we cover todayWhat will we cover today

• Transit & place• Transit building

blocks • What is a station• Where to put

transit

West Hyattsville TOD Master Plan, Hyattsville, MD

PlaceMaking


• TOD in CommunityHow will TOD add

value? Be a place?

Unlocking the key to each stations identity Unlocking the key to each stations identity

• TOD in RegionWhere does the

station fit in?• TOD in Corridor

Stations relationship to other stations?

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Overview: Transit & PlaceOverview: Transit & Place

Lisbon

• Break transit down to create “place”Designing transit for development What is a station?Stations & placeFitting transit in the streetOptions for moving the pieces around

• Many ways to slice the transit onion

PlaceMaking


• First step to creating value:Design transit with development in mind Break the conventional transit mold

• Fine-tune project to help:Leverage communities visionRealize TOD implementation Increase ridership

West Corridor DOT Charrette, Denver

Creating Additional Value: FasTracks DOTCreating Additional Value: FasTracks DOT

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• Is the station located in an area with development potential?

• Does the design allow for pedestrian connections?

• Is transit well connected into the community?

• Is TOD incorporated into the design?

DOT Checklist:DOT Checklist:

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East-West Corridor DOT Charrette, Miami, FL

• Budget & schedule can’t change• Transit design can change• Identify TOD implications of

alignment / corridorstation locations

• Recommend changes to design• Identify next steps for TOD• Develop DOT framework to guide

future design

DOT Process ResultsDOT Process Results

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Creating ValueCreating Value

• First step to creating value:Design transit with development in mind Break the conventional transit mold

• Fine-tune project to help:Leverage communities visionRealize TOD implementation Increase ridership

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Auto or Development Oriented?

Auto or Development Oriented?

• Both designs:Same land usesSame transit Rail station800 Park & Ride12 Bus TransferSame cost

• One encourages TOD at the station

• One separates the station from the community

Transit-Oriented Design

Automobile -Oriented Design

Park & Ride Park & Ride

Park & Ride

Bus

Bus

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Conventional Transit DesignConventional Transit Design

• Transit designed around the car• 3,072 surface parking spaces• Station opened in 2001 • Design precludes TOD• 1:1 parking replacement

Structured parking $40m +

• Designated a Metropolitan CenterWMATA’s Branch Avenue Station

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Development-Oriented Transit Development-Oriented Transit

• Transit designed with development in mind

Corridor selection Station functionPedestrian access Parking locationCommunity partnershipsIncorporate TOD

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Applying DOT Principles Applying DOT Principles

• DOT Charrette –Early in designHow do you design transit to maximize operations and TOD?Get all the stakeholders at the table

• Create a tool that can be applied to each phase of project design Ali Baba Station

North Corridor Miami, FL

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Orenco StationPortland, OROrenco StationPortland, OR

• 190-acre• 1,834 units• Mixed-use town

center• TOD Zoning• 18.2%

mode split

LRT Station

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Orenco Concept to BuiltOrenco Concept to Built

LRT Station

Concept Master Plan As Built

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LRT Station

Park & Ride

TriMet Orenco DesignTriMet Orenco Design

• Conventional transit design

• Park & Ride next to the station

• Designed independent of developer

Pedestrian Spine

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Park & Ride

LRT Station

Developer Orenco Design

Pedestrian Spine

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LRT Station

Orenco Station

Pedestrian Spine

Park & Ride

Development Site

Development Site

Development Site

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• TOD Master Plan • Trammell Crow• Mixed-Use • 554 units• Mix of density:

53 to 35 DUs acre• Parked @ 1.8• Station located for TOD• P&R relocated

Beaverton CreekBeaverton Creek

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Beaverton CreekBeaverton Creek

Park & Ride

Park & Ride

LRT Station

1. Relocate station from arterial to development parcel

2. Relocate parking away from station

3. TOD

1.

2.

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• Joint Development of BART parking

• Transit center one side, development other

• Revitalized low-income community

• Calmed major arterial

Fruitvale Transit Village Fruitvale Transit Village

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Fruitvale BART Fruitvale BART

Park & Ride Structure Multi-Modal Transit Center

Calmed Major Arterial

Pedestrian Spine

Development Phase II

Development Zone

Transit Zone

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Fruitvale Transit VillageFruitvale Transit Village

• Full service transitRail StationBus transferPark & rideKiss & ride

Park & Ride Structure Transit Zone

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Community developed TOD• Community

Center • Affordable

housing• Senior

Housing• Medical

Clinic• Retail

Pedestrian Spine

Development Zone

Fruitvale Transit VillageFruitvale Transit Village

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Two ways to view the station Two ways to view the station

• Engineering ScopeTransit facility focus View from the station out to edge of ROW

• DOT Scope Community focus View from the community in

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Assembling the piecesAssembling the pieces

• Bus transfer• ROW takes• Platform location • Kiss & Ride • Parking• Joint Development• Pedestrian access• Station as place• Station entry

No one right solution for each place

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Bus TransferBus Transfer

1. Adjacent to Platform

2. Through development

3. On street 4. Bus mall

1. 2.

3. 4.

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Bus Transfer – Implications Bus Transfer – Implications

• Avoid having buses be a barrier to linking station to development

1. 2.

3. 4.

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Locating Parking Locating Parking

1. Adjacent to platform

2. Dispersed in small lots

3. Right angle to platform

4. Away from platform

1. 2.

3. 4.

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Locating Parking - Implications Locating Parking - Implications

• Avoid letting parking dominate the station

• Consider breaking auto dominated design mold

1. 2.

3. 4.

1. 2.

3. 4.

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Kiss & RideKiss & Ride

1. On street2. Off-street

1.

2.

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Kiss & Ride - ImplicationsKiss & Ride - Implications

• Avoid having automobiles interrupt pedestrian flow

From station to community From Station to TOD development

1.

2.

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Station as PlaceStation as Place

1. Corner plaza2. Center plaza3. Station

streetscape 1.

2.3.

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Station as Place - ImplicationStation as Place - Implication

• Integrate buildings into stations to frame place

• Active plazas as part of the station

•1.

2.3.

• Incorporate TOD into stations

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Pedestrian Access Pedestrian Access

1. Calmed Intersections2. Pedestrian Bridge3. Pedestrian Network

1.

2.

3.

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Pedestrian Access - ImplicationPedestrian Access - Implication

1.

2.

3.

• Station area (1/4 mile) as a walkable zone

• Intersections of major streets calmed

• Extend stations benefits into community

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Station EntryStation Entry

1. Under station2. Over station3. End station4. Mid-Block

1. 2.

4.3.

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Station Entry - ImplicationsStation Entry - Implications

• Opportunity to create a front door to the station

• Bring station to the ground

• Integrate station into development

1. 2.

4.3.

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Platform Location Platform Location

1. Platform Along Street

2. Platform In Street

3. Platform Spans Street

4. Platform Mid-block

1. 2.

4.3.

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Platform Location – Implications Platform Location – Implications

• Stations create value

• Stations define the most important, most intense places

• Stations as a development catalyst

1. 2.

4.3.

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Joint DevelopmentJoint Development

1. Freestanding JD project2. JD anchoring Community

Center 3. JD anchoring

Metropolitan Center

1.

2.3.

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Joint Development- ImplicationsJoint Development- Implications

• Create a place, not a project

• Station as a destination • JD as a catalyst for realizing

TOD plan

1.

2.3.

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Right-of-Way TakesRight-of-Way Takes

• Full ROW Take• Partial ROW Take

1.

2.

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Right-of-Way - ImplicationsRight-of-Way - Implications

• Control the most important sites

• Acquisition for demonstration projects

• Down stream revenue opportunities

• Remove problem uses

1.

2.

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Assembling the piecesAssembling the piecesNo one right solution for each place

• Best solution will:Solve for transit + development

• Uses the coming of transit to enhance the corridor

• Realizes the community's vision

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Baltimore Design PrinciplesBaltimore Design Principles

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What is a Station?What is a Station?

Minimum building blocks of a station:• 12’+ Platform• Shelter• Bench• Lighting • Information• Trash can

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Station Location ConsiderationsStation Location Considerations

• Proximity to uses that generate ridership• Direct accessibility• Safety and security• Visibility to users• System connections

Valencienne, France

Hudson Bergen

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Relating the station to its surrounding?Relating the station to its surrounding?

Three ways to think of a station• Focal point of a place• Incorporated into a place• Secondary to a place

Stations can help define the most

important places

Dallas

Portland The Round

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Focal Point of a PlaceFocal Point of a Place

Station helps to create / anchor an important place

Portland Pioneer Square

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Incorporated into a PlaceIncorporated into a Place

Station fits into / compliments the place

Portland Morrison St

Portland State University

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Secondary to a PlaceSecondary to a Place

Station secondary to the place / basic functionality

Portland Park Blocks

Portland 11th Avenue

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Place Making at StationsPlace Making at Stations

• Four different strategies: Station as a placeStation invisible to complement placeTOD defines placeTOD serves as place

Places to come back to, not just to leave from

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Central Station SydneyCentral Station SydneyStation as place• Dramatic architecture

defines the space:Quiet plazaBus transfer

• Bus to rail transfer

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Pioneer Square, Portland Pioneer Square, Portland The invisible station• One of the top 10

best American public places• Two LRT stops designed

as part of the squareStation budget turned over to Friends of Pioneer Sq

• Transit part of the sense, smell, sight , feel of the square

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The Round Beaverton, Or

TOD defines place• Plaza surrounds station

Scaled to Sienna

• Ground floor restaurants help activate plaza

• 240 condos above• 375k office • Athletic club

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TOD serves a place• Hollywood & Vine• Academy Awards home• $560m project sold for

a $200m lossFailure unrelated to TOD

• Public financing of parking and theatre

Hollywood Highland, CA

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Relating transit location to its surroundingsRelating transit location to its surroundings

Two ways to think of a guideway• Where in the street

Center or edge

• How it mixes with trafficExclusive or mixed

Great transit can compliment and help make a great place

Toronto Young Street


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Where do you put the station?Where do you put the station?

• Within the context of many urban places two basic choices:

Station curb sideStation middle of street

• Different implications for pedestrians & traffic

Tacoma Union Station

Portland 11th Avenue

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Stations: Curb Slide Stations: Curb Slide

• Plus:Activates sidewalk Takes less room

• MinusConflict with adjacent land uses

• Urban design:Best fit with development

Tacoma Union Station

Portland 5th Avenue

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Stations: Curb Side Stations: Curb Side


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Stations: Transit Mall Stations: Transit Mall

Strasbourg, France

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• Plus:Minimizes interference w/ local access

• Minus:How do riders get there?Takes more room

• Urban design:Lack of synergy Can anchor street

Stations: Center of Street Stations: Center of Street

Portland King St

Barcelona

Paris

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Stations: Center of the Street Stations: Center of the Street

Melbourne Burke St

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San Francisco Embarcadero

Stations: Center of Street Stations: Center of Street

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Exclusive ROW: SideExclusive ROW: Side

• Plus:No delay

• Minus:Displaces carsConflict with turns

• Urban design:Opportunity for design treatments

Tacoma

Houston

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Exclusive ROW: SideExclusive ROW: Side

Sacramento

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Exclusive ROW: Side Two-WayExclusive ROW: Side Two-Way

Portland Holliday Street

PlaceMaking


• Plus:Great for riders, transit helps create place

• Minus:Displaces traffic, can retail & local access work

• Urban design:Opportunity for a great place

Exclusive ROW: Transit MallExclusive ROW: Transit Mall

Melbourne Burke St

Montpelier, France

Portland 1st Ave

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Exclusive ROW: Transit MallExclusive ROW: Transit Mall

Portland 1st Ave

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Exclusive ROW: MiddleExclusive ROW: Middle

• Plus:Minimizes conflictsFaster operation

• Minus:Worse station locations

• Urban design:Add amenity to the street

San Francisco King St

Barcelona

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Non-Exclusive: Mixed Traffic Non-Exclusive: Mixed Traffic

• Plus:Works in tight spacesDoes not displace traffic

• Minus:Conflicts with traffic, slower operation

• Urban design:Good fit in streetMay lack great details

Portland Streetcar

Melbourne St Kilda

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Non-Exclusive Mixed TrafficNon-Exclusive Mixed Traffic

Frankfurt

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Conclusions Conclusions

• Transit shares many goals with great places

Active good places, walkable, mix of uses

• Brings: Money for improvementsPeople for activityUnique address

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Capturing Transit Value Capturing Transit Value

• Can transit can be part of the experience

The Grove in LA – out draws Disneyland Saks & Tiffany at TriMet's #1 transit stop

• Greatest value w/in 600 ft of a station

More stations, more valueArrive somewhere Portland Pioneer Place

West LA The Grove

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Making transit behaveMaking transit behave

• Design great transit & great placesKeep vision in mind, not the automobile Break the mold Look outside the ROW

• Place is more important than speedCreate a great destination Going nowhere fast has no value

t r a n s i t d e s i g n f o r t o d making transit behave designing transit for tod · 2012. 6....

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