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Signalling Design Principle – Signalling Signs

T HR SC 10006 ST

Standard

Version 1.0

Issue date: 04 June 2018

© State of NSW through Transport for NSW 2018

T HR SC 10006 ST Signalling Design Principle – Signalling Signs

Version 1.0 Issue date: 04 June 2018

Important message This document is one of a set of standards developed solely and specifically for use on

Transport Assets (as defined in the Asset Standards Authority Charter). It is not suitable for any

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You must not use or adapt this document or rely upon it in any way unless you are providing

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Standard governance

Owner: Lead Signals and Control Systems Engineer, Asset Standards Authority

Authoriser: Chief Engineer, Asset Standards Authority

Approver: Executive Director, Asset Standards Authority on behalf of the ASA Configuration Control Board

Document history

Version Summary of changes

1.0 First issue.

© State of NSW through Transport for NSW 2018 of 27



Preface

The Asset Standards Authority (ASA) is a key strategic branch of Transport for NSW (TfNSW).

As the network design and standards authority for NSW Transport Assets, as specified in the

ASA Charter, the ASA identifies, selects, develops, publishes, maintains and controls a suite of

requirements documents on behalf of TfNSW, the asset owner.

The ASA deploys TfNSW requirements for asset and safety assurance by creating and

managing TfNSW's governance models, documents and processes. To achieve this, the ASA

focuses on four primary tasks:

• publishing and managing TfNSW's process and requirements documents including TfNSW

plans, standards, manuals and guides

• deploying TfNSW's Authorised Engineering Organisation (AEO) framework

• continuously improving TfNSW’s Asset Management Framework

• collaborating with the Transport cluster and industry through open engagement

The AEO framework authorises engineering organisations to supply and provide asset related

products and services to TfNSW. It works to assure the safety, quality and fitness for purpose of

those products and services over the asset's whole-of-life. AEOs are expected to demonstrate

how they have applied the requirements of ASA documents, including TfNSW plans, standards

and guides, when delivering assets and related services for TfNSW.

Compliance with ASA requirements by itself is not sufficient to ensure satisfactory outcomes for

NSW Transport Assets. The ASA expects that professional judgement be used by competent

personnel when using ASA requirements to produce those outcomes.

About this document

This standard forms part of the TfNSW suite of railway signalling principles which detail the

requirements and design principles. This standard specifically covers signalling signs.

To gain a complete overview of signalling design requirements, this document should be read in

conjunction with the suite of signalling design principle standards.

This standard covers requirements for the provision of signalling signs.

This standard supersedes RailCorp document ESG 100.6 Notice Boards, version 1.6.

The changes to previous content include the following:

• clarification to existing requirements and the provision for the implementation of European

train control system (ETCS) level 1




• replacement of RailCorp organisation roles and processes with those applicable to the

current TfNSW organisational context

• conversion of the standard to ASA format and style

This standard is a first issue.




Table of contents 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 7

2. Purpose .................................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1. Scope ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2. Application ............................................................................................................................................. 8

3. Reference documents ............................................................................................................................. 8

4. Terms and definitions ............................................................................................................................. 9

5. Provision of signalling signs .................................................................................................................. 9 5.1. Stop signs ............................................................................................................................................ 11 5.2. Shunting limit signs .............................................................................................................................. 12 5.3. Catchpoint signs .................................................................................................................................. 13 5.4. Catchpoints ahead signs ..................................................................................................................... 14 5.5. Derail signs .......................................................................................................................................... 14 5.6. End of signalled authority signs ........................................................................................................... 15 5.7. Absolute signal signs ........................................................................................................................... 15 5.8. Starting and home signal signs............................................................................................................ 16 5.9. Distant signal and repeater signs ........................................................................................................ 17 5.10. Intermediate siding signs ................................................................................................................. 18 5.11. Tonnage signal signs ....................................................................................................................... 18 5.12. Slip site signs ................................................................................................................................... 19 5.13. Single light indication signs.............................................................................................................. 19 5.14. Begin/end ATP signs (ETCS level transition border signs) ............................................................. 20 5.15. Signal-ahead and signal alert signs ................................................................................................. 22 5.16. Block joint signs ............................................................................................................................... 24 5.17. Advisory speed signs ....................................................................................................................... 24 5.18. Electric train stop signs .................................................................................................................... 24 5.19. Points clearance posts and signs .................................................................................................... 25

6. Sighting of infrastructure ..................................................................................................................... 27




1. Introduction Signalling signs (formerly known as notice boards) are used to provide advisory and

safeworking information to train drivers at strategic locations.

Safeworking and advisory are two categories of signalling signs.

Safeworking signs provide mandatory instructions to the train driver in lieu of fixed signals or

hand signals in order to effectively limit or control the movement of a train for safeworking

purposes.

Advisory signs provide information to the driver of a train in an advisory or reminder capacity

only.

2. Purpose This standard covers requirements for signalling signs, specifically applicable to safeworking

and advisory information to support network operations.

2.1. Scope This standard covers the signalling design principles for the application of signalling signs

specific to safeworking and advisory information.

The following signs are outside the scope of this standard as they fall under a different

discipline, standard or are governed by specific rail infrastructure manager (RIM) requirements

and procedures:

• narrow track clearance signs

• worksite warning signs

• distant warning signs

• temporary warning and caution signs

• signal identification and designation plates and signs

• speed signs

• turnout speed signs

• freight train speed signs

• temporary track speed signs

• temporary speed restrictions

• yard speed signs

• whistle and no-whistle signs




• no safe place signs

• block post signs

• block post warning signs

Refer to T HR SC 10023 ST Yard Limits for requirements of yard limit signs.

Refer to NSG 604 Indicators and Signs for requirements specific to RIM's network rules and

procedures.

This document does not cover requirements associated with the construction and installation of

signalling signs. For fastening and fixing requirements of signalling signs, refer to SPG 0706

Installation of Trackside Equipment.

This document does not contain the physical specification of signalling signs. For requirements

pertaining to the size, colour and material of signalling signs, refer to SPG 1210 Signalling Signs

and Instruction Plates.

2.2. Application This standard applies to Authorised Engineering Organisations (AEOs) engaged to carry out the

preliminary and detailed signal design for new and existing installations in the rail passenger

network.

The rail passenger network is within the area bounded by Newcastle (in the north), Richmond

(in the northwest), Bowenfels (in the west), Macarthur (in the southwest) and Bomaderry (in the

south), and all connection lines and sidings within these areas, but excluding private sidings,

freight lines and non-electrified lines.

In addition to the requirements of this standard, general signage requirements apply in

accordance with TN 070: 2016 Signage – General Requirements.

3. Reference documents The following documents are cited in the text. For dated references, only the cited edition

applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document applies.

Transport for NSW standards

SPG 0706 Installation of Trackside Equipment

SPG 1210 Signalling Signs and Instruction Plates

T HR SC 10023 ST Yard Limits

Other references

NSG 604 Indicators and Signs




4. Terms and definitions The following terms and definitions apply in this document:

AEO Authorised engineering organisation

ASA Asset Standards Authority

ETCS European train control system

RIM rail infrastructure manager

rail transport operator means –

(a) a rail infrastructure manager; or

(b) a rolling stock operator; or

(c) a person who is both a rail infrastructure manager and a rolling stock operator; (Rail Safety

National Law (NSW))

SFAIRP so far as is reasonably practicable

signal sighting committee the committee setup with the responsibility for the purpose of

obtaining an optimum approach view for the driver, in conjunction with the locating of a signal,

sign, notice board or other associated infrastructure used to transmit information to a driver

SPAD signal passed at danger (stop)

TfNSW Transport for New South Wales

5. Provision of signalling signs Safeworking signs provide mandatory information to rail vehicle operators in accordance with

network rules and procedures. Such information is in relation to the safeworking requirements

applicable for an associated signal or other specific location within the network.

Safeworking signs are permanently fixed within the network.

Advisory signs are provided in addition to safeworking signs to supplement information where

special circumstances apply. The information contained shall be of an 'advisory' nature and if

missed, does not cause a direct breach of proceed authority.

Where advisory signs are located in support of safeworking signs, the advisory sign shall be

positioned beneath the associated safeworking sign. They may be permanently or temporarily

fixed within the network.

Signalling signs shall additionally conform to the requirements of the network operator.

Permanently fixed signs used for signalling purposes shall be shown in the relevant signalling

plan.




The provision of new, or changes to existing installations, shall be determined through an

assessment based on risk and scope to demonstrate that the principle for signalling signs as

specified in this standard has been maintained so far as is reasonably practicable (SFAIRP).

The following signalling signs are specified in this document:

• safeworking information

o landmark and location signs

o stop signs

o shunting limit signs

o catchpoint signs

o derail signs

o end of signalled authority signs

o absolute signal signs

o starting and home signal signs

o distant signal and repeater signs

o intermediate siding signs

o electric trains stop signs

• advisory information

o tonnage signal signs

o slip site signs

o single light indication signs

o begin/end ATP (automatic train protection) sign (ETCS level transition border sign)

o signal ahead and signal alert signs

o catchpoint ahead signs

o block joint signs

o advisory speed signs

o intermediate trainstop advisory speed signs

o points clearance posts and signs

o rolling stock prohibition signs

o level crossing warning signs (rail and road)




5.1. Stop signs An unqualified stop sign shall be provided at locations where it is necessary to limit the distance

over which a slow speed signalled movement can be made without the need to provide further

fixed signals.

Unqualified stop signs shall be inscribed with the word 'STOP'.

Refer to Figure 1 for a diagram of a stop sign (unqualified) arrangement.

Figure 1 - Stop sign (unqualified)

If a train movement takes place at a level crossing on a line where there are no level crossing

activation controls, then a qualified stop sign that specifies the method for initiating the level

crossing activation shall be provided.

Qualified stop signs shall be inscribed with the word 'STOP' together with the method for

crossing activation.

Refer to Figure 2 for a diagram of a stop sign (qualified) arrangement.

Figure 2 - Stop sign (qualified – level crossing activation)

Stop signs shall also be provided where rail vehicles are required to stop and await instructions,

typically from shunters when entering a non-signalled area of a yard.




5.2. Shunting limit signs An unqualified shunting limit sign shall be provided at locations where wrong direction shunting

movements are authorised on a line and such movements are not limited by a fixed signal. The

shunting limit sign shall be placed such that the risk of confusion does not exist, as to which line

the sign applies at the point where shunting movements needs to cease.

Unqualified shunting limit signs shall be inscribed with the words 'SHUNTING LIMIT'.

Refer to Figure 3 for a diagram of a shunting limit sign (unqualified) arrangement.


Figure 3 - Shunting limit sign (unqualified)

Where a shunting limit sign is placed such that the risk of confusion does not exist, as to which

line the sign applies, then a qualified shunting limit sign that specifies the line to which it applies

shall be provided.

Qualified shunting limit signs shall be inscribed with the words 'SHUNTING LIMIT' together with

the applicable line name.

Refer to Figure 4 for a diagram of a shunting limit sign (qualified) arrangement.



Figure 4 - Shunting limit sign (qualified)

5.3. Catchpoint signs A catchpoint sign should be considered for protecting a set of catchpoints that is not protected

by a fixed signal and at locations where regular train movements are made towards the

catchpoints. A risk assessment should be carried out, taking into account the following:

• sighting of the catchpoint sign and catchpoints

• risks and consequence of a derailment

• provision of any approach speed control such as ETCS or intermediate trainstops

A catchpoint sign shall be located immediately in the rear of the catchpoints.

Catchpoints signs shall be inscribed with the words 'CATCH POINT'.

Refer to Figure 5 for a diagram of a catchpoint sign arrangement.


Figure 5 - Catchpoint sign



5.4. Catchpoints ahead signs A catchpoint ahead sign shall be provided in the following circumstances:

• where a signal protecting a set of catchpoints has been involved in multiple signal passed

at danger (SPAD) incidents and where no SPAD risk mitigation measures such as timed

intermediate train stops or ETCS have been provided

• where a signal protects a set of catchpoints that have been identified as presenting a high

risk

• where no protecting signal is provided

To provide advanced warning of the catchpoints, the catchpoint ahead sign shall be located

25 m to 50 m on the approach side of the signal (where provided) protecting the catch points.

Catchpoints ahead signs shall be inscribed with the words 'CATCH POINTS AHEAD'.

Refer to Figure 6 for a diagram of a catchpoint ahead sign arrangement.

Figure 6 - Catchpoints ahead sign

5.5. Derail signs A derail sign shall be provided at locations where regular movements are made towards a

derailer that is not protected by a fixed signal.

Derail signs shall be inscribed with the word 'DERAIL'.

Refer to Figure 7 for a diagram of a derail sign arrangement.




Figure 7 - Derail sign

5.6. End of signalled authority signs An end of signalled authority sign shall be provided at the end of a shunt signal route when

exiting an interlocked area into a non-interlocked area. A driver does not have to necessarily

stop at the sign if authority to proceed has already been granted.

End of signalled authority signs shall be inscribed with the following words 'END SIGNALLED

AUTHORITY'.

In addition, an advisory sign shall also be provided, inscribed with the words 'DO NOT

PROCEED UNLESS AUTHORISED'.

Refer to Figure 8 for a diagram of an end of signalled authority sign arrangement.

Figure 8 - End of signalled authority sign

5.7. Absolute signal signs Where accept or outer signals protect a wrong direction shunting movement or other risk, then

an absolute signal sign (or signal sign) shall be provided on the signal post.

Absolute signals shall not be passed at 'stop' without authority from the signaller.




Absolute signal sign shall be inscribed with the following words:

'THIS SIGNAL MUST NOT BE PASSED AT STOP WITHOUT AUTHORITY FROM

SIGNALLER'

Refer to Figure 9 for a diagram of an absolute signal sign arrangement.

Figure 9 - Absolute signal sign

5.8. Starting and home signal signs Prohibitive signs are required at home and starting signals in bidirectional rail vehicle detection

territory.

Starting and home signal signs indicate to a driver that the starting signal may be passed at

stop after receiving authority from the signaller or train controller.

Starting and home signal signs shall be inscribed with the following words:

'WHEN AUTHORISED TO PASS THIS SIGNAL AT STOP DRIVERS MUST NOT PROCEED

BEYOND YARD LIMITS EXCEPT ON AUTHORITY OF A SPECIAL PROCEED AUTHORITY

OR DURING PILOT STAFF WORKING'

Refer to Figure 10 for a diagram of a home signal sign arrangement.




Figure 10 - Home signal sign

5.9. Distant signal and repeater signs Distant signal and repeater signs are required for distant signals and colour light repeater

signals that can display the word 'STOP'.

Distant signal and repeater signs shall be inscribed with the following words:

'WHEN THIS SIGNAL IS AT STOP WAIT ONE MINUTE AND THEN PROCEED CAUTIOUSLY

TO THE NEXT SIGNAL'

Refer to Figure 11 for a diagram of a distant signal and repeater sign arrangement.


Figure 11 - Distant signal and repeater sign



5.10. Intermediate siding signs Signals that protect intermediate sidings shall be provided with an intermediate siding sign.

Intermediate siding signs shall be inscribed with the following words:

'DRIVERS WHEN DIRECTED TO PASS THIS SIGNAL AT STOP MUST PROCEED AT

CAUTION AND BRING THEIR TRAIN TO A STAND WELL CLEAR OF [include location name

here] SIDING AND MUST NOT RESTART UNTIL SATISFIED THAT IT IS SAFE TO DO SO'

The specific siding location shall be included.

Refer to Figure 12 for a diagram of an intermediate siding sign arrangement.

Figure 12 - Intermediate siding sign

5.11. Tonnage signal signs At locations where trains over a particular weight can have difficulty in restarting if brought to a

stand at a signal ahead, a tonnage signal sign shall be provided on the signal in rear of the

signal located in the rising grade area. The driver shall wait for a full clear indication before

proceeding.

Tonnage signal signs shall be inscribed with the following words:

'TONNAGE SIGNAL TRAINS OR OVER PRESCRIBED LOAD TO WAIT UNTIL SIGNAL IS AT

FULL CLEAR'

Refer to Figure 13 for a diagram of a tonnage signal sign arrangement.


Figure 13 - Tonnage signal sign



5.12. Slip site signs In areas that are prone to land slippage, a slip site sign shall be provided on all running signals

that will be placed to stop by the slip detector system.

Slip site signs shall be inscribed with the following words:

'SLIP SITE THIS SIGNAL MUST NOT BE PASSED AT STOP WITHOUT AUTHORITY FROM

THE SIGNALLER'

Refer to Figure 14 for a diagram of a slip site sign arrangement.

Figure 14 - Slip site sign

5.13. Single light indication signs If the type of signalling on a running line changes from double light to single light, then signs

advising drivers of the change to single light territory shall be provided.

At the first single light signal reading (going into a single light territory), a single light sign shall

be provided and inscribed with the following words:

'BEGIN SINGLE LIGHT INDICATION'

At the last single light signal reading (going out of a single light territory), a single light sign shall

be provided and inscribed with the following words:

'END SINGLE LIGHT INDICATION'

Refer to Figure 15 for a diagram of a single light sign arrangement.




Figure 15 - Single light indication signs

5.14. Begin/end ATP signs (ETCS level transition border signs) At locations where ETCS coverage begins or ends begin or end ATP signs shall be provided.

Begin/ATP signs apply to ETCS fitted rolling stock entering ETCS level 1 areas from ETCS level

0 territory and vice versa.

5.14.1. Begin/end ATP sign specification Begin/end ATP signs shall be inscribed with the words 'BEGIN ATP' when entering level 1

territory, and the words 'END ATP' when entering level 0.

Refer to Figure 16 for a diagram of a begin ATP and end ATP signs.


Figure 16 - Begin ATP and end ATP signs



5.14.2. Begin/end ATP signs on unidirectional double lines

Begin/end ATP signs on unidirectional double lines shall be provided on the left hand side of the

track in the normal running direction.

The converse border sign for unsignalled movements in the reverse direction shall be mounted

back to back with the sign for the normal direction.

Refer to Figure 17 for a diagram of a begin/end ATP sign on a unidirectional double line

arrangement. B

EGIN

A

TP ETCS Level 1

101 103

END

A

TP

BEG

IN

ATP

END

A

TP

102100

ETCS Level 0

Figure 17 - Begin/end ATP sign – unidirectional double line

5.14.3. Begin/end ATP sign s on bidirectional double lines On bidirectional double lines, signs shall be provided on the left hand side of the track in the

normal direction of travel. Signage for the reverse direction of travel shall be on the right hand

side for that direction.

Refer to Figure 18 for a diagram of a begin/end ATP sign on a bidirectional double line

arrangement.

BEG

IN

ATP

ETCS Level 1

101 103

BEG

IN

ATP

END

A

TP

102100

ETCS Level 0

END

A

TP


Figure 18 - Begin/end ATP sign – bidirectional double line



5.14.4. Begin/end ATP signs on single lines

In single line and bidirectional areas, the transition border may be staggered. Separate signs

may be provided for each transition.

Refer to Figure 19 for a diagram of a begin/end ATP sign on a single line arrangement.

BEG

IN

ATP ETCS Level 1

101 103

END

A

TP

102

ETCS Level 0

Figure 19 - Begin/end ATP sign – single line

5.15. Signal-ahead and signal alert signs Signal-ahead signs and signal alert signs are provided to inform drivers that they are

approaching a signal in areas where known signal sighting and signal placement issues are

present.

Signage associated with signal-ahead and signal alert signs shall be determined by the rail

transport operator and shall be subject to agreement through a signal sighting committee.

5.15.1. Signal-ahead signs Signal-ahead signage shall only be provided in tunnels where drivers have difficulty in placing

their position due to surroundings being similar throughout the tunnel.

Signal-ahead signage shall only be installed if any one of the following criteria is present:

• signals are spaced a further 300 m apart than the general spacing of other signals on the

line

• the signal spacing exceeds 600 m

• the sighting of the signal is less than 300 m

The sign shall be provided on the left side of the track to approaching trains and located 300 m

before the signal.

If the signals are located on the right hand side, then the sign location shall be consistent with

the signal locations (such as for wrong direction running on bidirectional lines).

A minimum of 50 m sighting shall be provided for signal-ahead signage.




Where necessary, signal ahead signs may be located on both sides of the track if necessary to

improve sighting (provided they cannot be misread from an adjacent road). Requirements for

greater sighting are not recommended as the sign is likely to be installed as a control for

awkward sighting situations where curvature makes sighting difficult. Installation of an additional

sign is preferred as an attempt to improve sighting.

5.15.2. Signal alert signs Signal alert signs are provided at locations where multiple SPADs have occurred.

The distance from the signal alert sign to the applicable signal shall be determined by the

operator and provided on the sign.

Refer to Figure 20 for an example of a signal alert sign and the stipulated distance.

Figure 20 - Signal alert sign

In case of any configuration change to the network which proposes a removal of a signal alert

sign, a risk assessment shall be carried out to demonstrate that the proposed configuration is

SFAIRP in controlling or mitigating any identified risks. The risk assessment shall take in

account the following:

• The location of the signal and SPAD alert sign.

• Identify whether the sign has been acting effectively as a repeater signal for the applicable

signal. If this is the case, then a risk of removing the board can cause a critical prompt for

the driver approaching the signal to be removed. Consideration should be given to keep

the SPAD alert sign.

• Whether other mitigations have been implemented at the signal, for example upgrading to

LED lamps. These mitigations may be relied on to remove the need for the signal alert

sign.

• The date of the last SPAD. If the last SPAD occurred over 12 months, then it is probable

that that removal of the SPAD alert sign carries lower risk.

• Risk of a SPAD at the signal location and other associated risks, such as:

o catchpoints with inadequate speed checking on the approach




o protecting signal for a level crossing

o trains operating on the section of line without trip gear

In order to quantify the impact of its removal and allow drivers to adjust, a signal alert sign shall

be bagged and remain in place for a transition period of three months prior to its physical

removal.

5.16. Block joint signs Block joint signs shall be provided to show the locations of insulating block joints between

separate track circuits of a track-circuited line.

5.17. Advisory speed signs Advisory speed signs are provided where signal sighting is inadequate to permit rail traffic

(where required) to stop at the signal ahead.

5.17.1. Intermediate trainstop advisory speed signs Intermediate trainstop advisory speed signs are placed immediately before an intermediate

trainstop. The permitted speed shall be at or below the indicated speed prior to passing the

advisory speed sign.

5.18. Electric train stop signs Electric train stop signs are provided to advise drivers of electric trains that a non-electrified

portion of track exists ahead.

Electric train stop signs shall be inscribed with the words 'ELECTRIC TRAIN STOP'.

Refer to Figure 21 for a diagram of an electric train stop sign arrangement.


Figure 21 - Electric train stop sign



5.19. Points clearance posts and signs Clearance posts or lights shall be provided at locations where trains are required to be brought

to a stand clear of other movements, such as crossing loops and at converging junctions. In the

absence of fixed signals, clearance posts indicate to a driver the point at which a train can be

safely brought to rest clear of any other movement at the convergence of the tracks. Clearance

posts may be located between two converging lines to show the clearance limit.

Refer to Figure 22 for a diagram of a points clearance light arrangement.




Figure 22 - Clearance post and light arrangement

Points clearance signs are provided at locations to advise drivers of eight-car electric trains that the train is clear of the relevant points.

Refer to Figure 23 for a diagram of a point's clearance sign arrangement.


Figure 23 - Points clearance sign arrangement



6. Sighting of infrastructure A signal sighting committee shall be formed to review the sighting of all signals, indicators, and

signs when a configuration change to the asset has been proposed. Examples of configuration

change that would require a sighting committee are as follows:

• conversion from incandescent lighting to LED lighting

• relocation of existing signals and signs

• provision of new signal positions, indicators and signs


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