systematic reviews searching strategies

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Library Resources for Systematic Reviews Susan Fowler, MLIS [email protected]

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Explains why we search more then one resource, use standardized index terms and plain language keywords, and how to do term harvesting.

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Page 1: Systematic Reviews Searching Strategies

Library Resources for Systematic Reviews

Susan Fowler, [email protected]

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Systematic Review Guidehttp://beckerguides.wustl.edu/SystematicReviews

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Citation Management

• EndNote: http://sl.wustl.edu/• Zotero: http://libguides.wustl.edu/zotero

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Library Services

• 6 Becker Librarians are trained to support systematic reviews– PICOTT Refinement– Search Strategy– Databases and Grey Lit Resource recommendations– EndNote Libraries– Excel workbook preloaded with citations– Publication recommendations– Inter-library loan

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What we think searching is like – 2 minute scene

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What searching is really like – 18 hours

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Search Strategies

Quality of Life

“Quality of Life"[Mesh] OR “Quality of Life" OR “Life Qualities” OR “Life Quality” OR “HRQL” OR “health related quality of life”

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Standardized Index Terms

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Standardized Index Terms

• Preterm Pregnancy– “Preterm Pregnancy” = 27 hits– "Obstetric Labor, Premature”[Mesh] = 16,252 hits

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Combine Standardized Terms with Natural Language

• Preterm Labor– “Preterm Pregnancy” = 72 hits– "Obstetric Labor, Premature”[Mesh] = 16,252 hits – "Obstetric Labor, Premature"[Mesh] OR "preterm

pregnancy“ = 16,286

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Search Strategy with Harvested Terms

• Preterm Labor– "Obstetric Labor, Premature"[Mesh] OR "preterm

pregnancy" OR “Premature Labor” OR “Preterm Labor” OR “Premature Obstetric Labor” OR “premature delivery” OR “premature labour” OR “preterm birth” OR “preterm delivery”

25,605

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Term Harvesting

• Natural language terms can be harvested from…– Synonyms in standard index entries– Titles and abstracts of key articles – Dictionaries and Thesauri

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Synonyms in Indexes

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Systematic Review Workshop ©HSLS – University of Pittsburgh

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Systematic Review Workshop ©HSLS – University of Pittsburgh

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Systematic Review Workshop ©HSLS – University of Pittsburgh

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Systematic Review Workshop ©HSLS – University of Pittsburgh

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Systematic Review Workshop ©HSLS – University of Pittsburgh

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Extremely premature infantstextword/phrase Harvest

• Extremely preterm• Extremely preterm birth• Extremely preterm infants• Extremely preterm children• Extremely preterm child• Extremely premature• Extremely premature newborns• Extremely premature neonates• Extremely immature• Extremely low birth weight• Extremely low-birth-weight• Extremely low birthweight• ELBW• EI infants• EI survivors• Extremely small• ES infants• ES survivors• Extreme prematurity

• Very-low-birth-weight– Very low birth weight – Very low birth weight young adults– Very low birth weight men

• 401 – 1000 g birth weight• Birth weight >400 g• 501- to 600 –g birth weight• 901 – 1000 g birth weight• 501 to 1000g• 500 to 999 g• 500 to 999-g birth weight• Birth weight 500 – 999 g• Birth weight <1000g• Birthweight <1000g• Birth weight less than 1001g• Birth weight 401 to 500 grams• Birth weight 401 to 500g• 401 to 500g

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Extremely premature infantstextword/phrase harvest

• <750 g• 800 g or less• <or=2000g• <1000 g• 1000g• <or=2000 g• Weighing less than 1500 g • Mean birth weight, 1179 g• Mean birth weight 811 g• Mean body weight: 756 g• Low birth weight premature infants• Very preterm• Very preterm survivors• Very preterm infants• Lighter low birth weight• LLBW• Smallest infants• EPICure Study• Prognostic value of birth weight• Less than 25 weeks’ gestational age• <25 weeks estimated gestational age• <25 weeks EGA

• 25 or fewer completed weeks of gestation• 25 weeks of gestational age or less• <or=25 weeks 6 days gestations• <or=25 weeks gestation• 23 to 25 weeks gestation• 25 or fewer completed weeks of gestation• Before 26 weeks of gestation• Less than 30 weeks’ gestation• <30 weeks’ gestation• 23 to 29 weeks gestation• Mean gestational age 25.5 weeks• <32 weeks’ gestation• Low gestation (22-26 weeks)• Higher gestation (27-32 weeks)• Low gestational age• 24-26 weeks of gestation• 23-27 weeks gestational age• 23-27 weeks• Before 26 weeks gestation• <28 weeks• Born preterm• Preterm• Preterm-born

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Final Search Strategy("obesity"[Mesh] OR "obesity, morbid"[Mesh] OR "overnutrition"[Mesh] OR obes* OR “adipose tissue hyperplasia” OR obertas OR “overnutrition”) AND ("Women"[Mesh] OR woman) AND ("Infertility, Female/diet therapy"[Mesh] OR "Infertility, Female/drug therapy"[Mesh] OR "Infertility, Female/radiotherapy"[Mesh] OR "Infertility, Female/rehabilitation"[Mesh] OR "Infertility, Female/surgery"[Mesh] OR "Infertility, Female/therapy"[Mesh] OR "Ovulation Induction"[Mesh] OR "Ovulation Induction" OR “Ovarian Stimulation” OR “Ovarian Stimulations” OR Anovulation OR “induced ovulation” OR “induce ovulation” OR Superovulat* OR "Gonadotropins"[Mesh] OR "Prolactin"[Mesh] OR "Follicle Stimulating Hormone"[Mesh] OR "Luteinizing Hormone"[Mesh] OR "Menotropins"[Mesh] OR Gonadotropin* OR Choriogonadotropin OR Choriogonin OR Pregnyl OR Chorulon OR Gonabion OR Biogonadil OR anthrogon OR folistiman OR “gonad stimulating hormone” OR “gonadotrophic hormone” OR gonadotrophin OR “gonadotropic hormone” OR “pituitary gonadotrophin” OR pregonadotropin OR Prolactin OR “PRL” OR “Mammotropin” OR lactogen OR “lactogenic hormone” OR lactotropin OR “lth” OR “luteotrophic hormone” OR “luteotropic hormone” OR luteotropin OR “mammotropin” OR “mammotropine” OR "Follicle Stimulating Hormone" OR “FSH” OR “Follicle-Stimulating Hormone” OR Follitropin OR fertilin OR follicotropin OR “folliculostimulating hormone” OR “fsh nosticon” OR “TSH-alpha” OR “TSH alpha” OR “Chorionic Gonadotropin, alpha” OR “Follicle Stimulating Hormone, alpha Subunit” OR “Glycoprotein Hormones, alpha Polypeptide” OR “Thyrotropin alpha Subunit” OR “TSH, alpha Subunit” OR "Luteinizing Hormone" OR “Lutropin” OR “Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone” OR “Interstitial Cell-Stimulating Hormone” OR “Luteozyman” OR “Luteoziman” OR “luteinising hormone” OR “icsh” OR “ovulating hormone” OR "Menotropins" OR “Menotrophin” OR “HMG Massone” OR “Pergonal-500” OR “Pergonal 500” OR “Menopur” OR “Menogon” OR “Normegon” OR “ORG-31338” OR “ORG 31338” OR “Pergonal” OR “Humegon” OR “Clomiphene citrate” OR “Letrozole” OR “Metformin” OR “gonadoryl” OR humegon OR merional OR neopergonal OR repronex OR "Insemination"[Mesh] OR Inseminat* OR Eutelegenesis OR Eutelegeneses OR "Reproductive Techniques, Assisted"[Mesh] OR “Assisted Reproductive Technique” OR “Assisted Reproductive Technics” OR “Assisted Reproductive Techniques” OR “Assisted Reproductive Technologies” OR “Assisted Reproductive Technology” OR “ART” OR “infertility therapy” OR “reproduction techniques” OR “in vitro fertilization” OR “IVF” OR “extracorporeal fertilization” OR “in vitro fertilization” OR “In Vitro Fertilizations” OR “Test-Tube Fertilization” OR “Test Tube Babies” OR “Test-Tube Baby” OR “Test Tube Fertilization” OR “Fertilizations in Vitro” OR “Test-Tube Babies” OR “ICSI” OR “intracytoplasmic sperm injection” OR “intracytoplasmic sperm injections” OR “Embryo Transfer” OR “embryo transplantation” OR “zygote intrafallopian transfer” OR “Embryo Transfers” OR “Blastocyst Transfer” OR “Tubal Embryo Stage Transfer” OR “Fertility Preservation” OR “Fertility Preservations” OR “reproductive procedure” OR “follicular aspiration” OR “follicle aspiration” OR “oocyte aspiration” OR “ovum aspiration” OR “oocyte retrieval” OR “egg retrieval” OR “oocyte harvest” OR “oocyte recovery” OR “Oocyte Collection” OR “g.i.f.t.” OR “intrafallopian gamete transfer” OR “In Vitro Oocyte Maturation” OR “IVM technique” OR “oocyte in vitro maturation” OR “In Vitro Maturation of Oocytes” OR “Oocyte Donation” OR “Oocyte Donations” OR “Ovum Donation” OR “Ovum Donations” OR “Ovum Donation” OR “Posthumous Conception” OR “posthumous assisted reproduction” OR “posthumous reproduction” OR “posthumous sperm procurement” OR “postmortem reproduction” OR “Sperm Retrieval” OR “microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration” OR “percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration” OR “percutaneous sperm aspiration” OR “testicular sperm aspiration” OR “testicular sperm extraction” OR “testis sperm extraction” OR “Sperm Retrievals” OR “Sperm Aspiration”) AND ("Diet"[Mesh] OR "Diet Therapy"[Mesh] OR "diet therapy" [Subheading] OR diet* OR diets OR dieting OR dieted OR dieter OR dieters OR dietary OR “formulated food” OR “high roughage” OR “fat meal” OR “lipid meal” OR “protein meal” OR vegetarian* OR vegan* OR “salt restriction” OR “calorie restriction” OR “caloric restriction” OR “low iron intake” OR “low potassium intake” OR “potassium restriction” OR “sham feeding” OR “nutritional support” OR “vitamin supplementation” OR “Food Fads” OR “Food Fad” OR “Caloric Intake” OR “energy intake” OR “fasting” OR “starvation” OR "Weight Loss"[Mesh] OR "Weight Loss" OR “Weight Losses” OR “Weight Reduction” OR “Weight Reductions” OR “weight decrease” OR “weight losing” OR “weight reducing” OR “weight watching” OR "Exercise"[Mesh] OR exercis* OR stretch* OR “resistance training” OR “strength training” OR “Weight-Lifting” OR “Weight Lifting” OR “Weight Bearing” OR “Weight-Bearing” OR running OR runnings OR Jogging OR Joggings OR swimming OR walking OR ambulation OR aerobic* OR “anaerobic work” OR “endurance training” OR “isometric endurance” OR “isometric training” OR “pilates” OR "Relaxation"[Mesh] OR "Relaxation Therapy"[Mesh] OR "Attention/therapy"[Mesh] OR "Meditation"[Mesh] OR “stress reduction” OR “stress reducers” OR yoga OR mindful OR mindfulness OR “relaxation method” OR “relaxation technics” OR “relaxation techniques” OR “relaxation therapy” OR “relaxation training” OR "Mind-Body Therapies"[Mesh] OR “Mind Body Medicine” OR “Mind-Body Medicine” OR “Mind Body Therapies” OR “Mind-Body Therapy” OR Aromatherapy OR Aromatherapies OR “Aroma Therapy” OR “Aroma Therapies” OR “Biofeedback” OR “biofeedbacks” OR “Myofeedback” OR “psychophysiologic response” OR “Neurofeedback” OR “Neurofeedbacks” OR “Alpha Feedback” OR “Electromyography Feedback” OR “EEG Feedback” OR “Breathing Exercises” OR “Breathing Exercise” OR “Respiratory Muscle Training” OR “Qigong” OR “Qi Gong” OR “Ch'i Kung” OR “breathing therapy” OR “chest physical therapy” OR “chest physiotherapy” OR “respiration exercise” OR “respiration therapy” OR “respiratory exercise” OR “respiratory physiotherapy” OR “Hypnosis” OR “Hypnoses” OR “Mesmerism” OR “mesmerize” OR “hypnogenesis” OR “hypnotism” OR “hypnotist” OR “hypnotic” OR “Autogenic Training” OR “Autogenic Trainings” OR “autogenous training” OR “Suggestion” OR “suggestions” OR “autosuggestion” OR “Autosuggestions” OR “auto suggestion” OR “Imagery” OR “Imageries” OR “Laughter Therapy” OR “Meditation” OR “Mental Healing” OR “mind healing” OR “Psychodrama” OR “drama therapy” OR “dramatherapy” OR “Role Playing” OR “role play” OR Psychophysiology OR “Physiological Psychology” OR “Physiologic Psychology” OR “Mind-Body Relations” OR “Mind Body Relations” OR “Mind-Body Relation” OR “Mind-Body Relationship” OR “Mind Body Relationship” OR “Mind-Body Relationships” OR “Relaxation Therapy” OR “relaxation method” OR “relaxation technics” OR “relaxation techniques” OR “relaxation therapy” OR “relaxation training” OR “Tai Ji” OR “Tai-ji” OR “Tai Chi” OR “Taiji” OR “Taijiquan” OR “T'ai Chi” OR “Therapeutic Touch” OR “Reiki” OR “Laying-on-of-Hands” OR Yoga) AND ("Pregnancy Outcome"[Mesh] OR "Delivery, Obstetric"[Mesh] OR "Cesarean Section"[Mesh] OR "Vaginal Birth after Cesarean"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy Rate"[Mesh] OR “Live Birth” OR “Live Births” OR stillbirths OR stillbirth OR “birth outcome” OR “obstetric outcome” OR Cesarean* OR “Abdominal Deliveries” OR “Abdominal Delivery” OR “C-Section” OR “C Section” OR “C-Sections” OR “Postcesarean Section” OR “induced labor” OR “Fetal Versions” OR “Fetal Version” OR “External Cephalic Versions” OR “External Cephalic Version” OR abort* OR “birthing position” OR “home delivery” OR “home birth” OR “home childbirth” OR “instrumental delivery” OR “breech extraction” OR “breech delivery” OR “delivery induction” OR “labor acceleration” OR “labor inducing” OR “labor induction” OR “labour induction” OR “parturition induction” OR “stimulated labor” OR “amniotomy” OR “vaginal delivery” OR “normal delivery” OR “vaginal birth” OR “vaginal childbirth” OR "Pregnancy Rate" OR "Pregnancy Rates” OR “birth rate” OR “birth rates” OR “fertility rate” OR “fertility rates”)

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Why search >1 database?Betran et al (2005) evaluated the effectiveness of each source used in a systematic review. That identified >64,000 citations and included 2093. Of these:– MEDLINE identified 62%– EMBASE 44%– BIOSIS 17%– POPLINE 12%

– Unique items– MEDLINE ~20%– EMBASE 7.4%– LILACS 5.6%

22Systematic Review Workshop ©HSLS – University of Pittsburgh

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Beyond PubMed

PubMed = 25,605"Obstetric Labor, Premature"[Mesh] OR "preterm pregnancy" OR “Premature Labor” OR “Preterm Labor” OR “Premature Obstetric Labor” OR “premature delivery” OR “premature labour” OR “preterm birth” OR “preterm delivery”

Embase = 96,943'premature labor'/exp OR ‘preterm pregnancy’ OR ‘Premature Labor’ OR ‘Preterm Labor’ OR ‘Premature Obstetric Labor’ OR ‘premature delivery’ OR ‘premature labour’ OR ‘preterm birth’ OR ‘preterm delivery’

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Database Overlap

24Systematic Review Workshop ©HSLS – University of Pittsburgh

(Gavel, 2008)

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What about Google Scholar?

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Google Scholar, cont.

Embase = 96,943'premature labor'/exp OR ‘preterm pregnancy’ OR ‘Premature Labor’ OR ‘Preterm Labor’ OR ‘Premature Obstetric Labor’ OR ‘premature delivery’ OR ‘premature labour’ OR ‘preterm birth’ OR ‘preterm delivery’

Google Scholar = 20,200“premature labor” OR “preterm pregnancy” OR “Premature Labor” OR “Preterm Labor” OR “Premature Obstetric Labor” OR “premature delivery” OR “premature labour” OR “preterm birth” OR “preterm delivery”

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Grey Literature

• “…literature that is not formally published in sources such as books or journal articles.”http://handbook.cochrane.org/chapter_6/6_2_1_8_grey_literature_databases.htm

• "That which is produced on all levels of government, academics, business and industry in print and electronic formats, but which is not controlled by commercial publishers.“The Fourth International Conference on Grey Literature (GL '99) in Washington, DC, in October 1999

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Clinicaltrials.gov

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Hand Searching

• “Handsearching involves a manual page-by-page examination of the entire contents of a journal issue or conference proceedings to identify all eligible reports of trials.”

• Authors are not routinely expected to hand search journals for their reviews but they should discuss with their Trials Search Coordinator whether in their particular case hand searching of any journals or conference proceedings might be beneficial.

http://handbook.cochrane.org/chapter_6/6_2_2_1_handsearching.htm