systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

53
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY MEDICAL LIBRARY Systematic Literature Reviews: A 'How To' Guide Isla Kuhn Deputy Medical Librarian

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Page 1: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Systematic Literature ReviewsA How To Guide

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

bull how to clarify the question (or perhaps questions) on which you need to find

literature

bull selecting the databases and other resources you will need to search

bull devising the most comprehensive literature search strategy so you know

yoursquove not missed any relevant studies

bull keeping up to date with new information appearing between the initial search

and write-up

bull issues around management of process and results

bull management of references (using software such as EndNote) and getting

hold of the full text article

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

bull What are the key elements in the systematic review process

What do you understand by

lsquosystematic reviewrsquo

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

ldquoA systematic review attempts to identify appraise and synthesise all the empirical evidence that meets pre-specified eligibility criteria to answer a given research question Researchers conducting systematic reviews use explicit methods aimed at minimising bias in order to produce more reliable findings that can be used to inform decision makingrdquo (Cochrane)

ldquoSystematic reviews aim to find as much as possible of the research relevant to the particular research questions and use explicit methods to identify what can reliably be said on the basis of these studies Methods should not only be explicit but systematic with the aim of producing varied and reliable resultsrdquo (EPPI)

ldquoA systematic review uses transparent procedures to find evaluate and synthesize the results of relevant research Procedures are explicitly defined in advance in order to ensure that the exercise is transparent and can be replicated This practice is also designed to minimise biasrdquo (Campbell)

What is a ldquosystematic reviewrdquo

Does not mean quick

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

bull Critical review

bull Literature review

bull Mapping reviewsystematic map

bull Meta-analysis

bull Mixed studiesmixed methods review

bull Overview

bull Qualitative systematic reviewqualitative evidence

synthesis

bull Rapid review

bull Scoping review

Grant MJ amp Boothe A A typology of reviews an analysis of 14

review types and associated methodologies Health Information and

Library Journal 26(2) 91-108 2009

Types of review

bull State-of-the-art review

bull Systematic review

bull Systematic search and review

bull Systematized review

bull Umbrella review

bull Umbrella review

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Systematic review Literature review

Question Focused on a single question Not necessarily focused on a single

question but may describe an overview

Protocol A peer review protocol or plan is included No protocol is included

Background Both provide summaries of rationale to the review

Objectives Clear objectives are identified Objectives may or may not be identified

Study inclusion and

exclusion criteria

Criteria stated before the review is conducted Criteria often not specified

Search strategy Comprehensive search conducted in a

systematic way

Strategy not explicitly stated

Process of selecting

articles

Usually clear and explicit and involve double

screening

Not described in a literature review

Process of evaluating

articles

Comprehensive evaluation of study quality Evaluation of study quality

may or may not be included

Results and data

synthesis

Clear summaries of studies taking into account

quality of evidence

Summary based on studies where the quality of

articles may not be specified May also be

influenced by the reviewerrsquos theories needs

and beliefs

Bias amp replicability Minimises publication and selection bias and

review can easily be reproduced

Open to bias and difficult to repeat the review

Adapted from Bettany-Saltikov J (2010) Learning how to undertake a

systematic review part 1 Nursing Standard 24 50 47-55 Date of

acceptance October 26 2009

Systematic vs Literature Review

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 Accidents

2 exp Accidents Traffic

3 exp Accident Prevention

4 exp Motorcycles

5 motor-cycl or motorcycl or motor-bik or motorbik or scooter or moped or moto

or motocycl or motocicl

6 trauma or injur or fatal or accident or crash or prevent or collide or collision

7 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6

8 head near protect

9 head near shield

10 helmet

11 exp Head Protective Devices

12 8 or 9 or 10 or 11

13 7 and 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101002146518

58CD004333pub3abstract

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

introducing the research topic

bull clarifying the question

bull setting parameters (inclusionexclusion criteria not built into

search)

lose marks through sloppy referencesQuestion

Keywords

Synonyms

MeSH Subject Headings sub headings

Boolean Logic

Truncation wildcards

Limits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Topic -gt question -gt keywordssynonyms

Diabetes especially the impact of patient education hellip

rdquoIs patient education effective in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipkeywords synonyms

Themes

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers

2 ndash patient education

3 ndash blood sugar

From topic to search

Synonyms

PICO

PatientProblemPopulation

Intervention

Comparison

Outcome

(time)

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers teens adolescents

2ndash patient education patient information

3 ndash blood sugar blood glucose hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

AND ndash to narrow the search by combining different topics

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo and ldquopatient educationrdquo

Both terms must be present in the results

teenagepatient

education

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

OR ndash to broaden your search by combining similar terms

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo or ldquoadolescentrdquo

Either term can be present in the resulting set of articles

teenage adolescent

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

NOT ndash to restrict your search so that it does not contain a particular term

eg

Hypoglycaemia NOT hyperglycaemia

The first but not the second term must be present

hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

patient education OR patient information

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYQuestion

1st theme OR OR OR

AND

2nd theme OR OR OR

AND

3rd theme OR OR OR

AND

4th theme OR OR OR

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYMind map your question

Research

question

1st

theme

4th

theme

3rd

theme

2nd

theme

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym synonym

synonym

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTruncation

treat

treats

treating

treated

treater

treatment

treatments

bull Treat

bull Treat

bull Treat$

Treatment

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Truncation wildcards

1 ndash teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull Go to httptinyurlcomembase

bull Click through to open EMBASE

bull Using advance search type a key word

(untick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo)

bull How many hits

bull Type the keyword with some truncation (use )

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Where in the article record do you want the termskeywords to appear

bull Title

bull Abstract

bull Allany field

bull Impact on sensitivityspecificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull In EMBASE

bull Type a key word and search by ldquokeywordrdquo

bull How many hits

bull Type a keyword and search by ldquotitlerdquo

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 2: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

bull how to clarify the question (or perhaps questions) on which you need to find

literature

bull selecting the databases and other resources you will need to search

bull devising the most comprehensive literature search strategy so you know

yoursquove not missed any relevant studies

bull keeping up to date with new information appearing between the initial search

and write-up

bull issues around management of process and results

bull management of references (using software such as EndNote) and getting

hold of the full text article

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

bull What are the key elements in the systematic review process

What do you understand by

lsquosystematic reviewrsquo

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

ldquoA systematic review attempts to identify appraise and synthesise all the empirical evidence that meets pre-specified eligibility criteria to answer a given research question Researchers conducting systematic reviews use explicit methods aimed at minimising bias in order to produce more reliable findings that can be used to inform decision makingrdquo (Cochrane)

ldquoSystematic reviews aim to find as much as possible of the research relevant to the particular research questions and use explicit methods to identify what can reliably be said on the basis of these studies Methods should not only be explicit but systematic with the aim of producing varied and reliable resultsrdquo (EPPI)

ldquoA systematic review uses transparent procedures to find evaluate and synthesize the results of relevant research Procedures are explicitly defined in advance in order to ensure that the exercise is transparent and can be replicated This practice is also designed to minimise biasrdquo (Campbell)

What is a ldquosystematic reviewrdquo

Does not mean quick

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

bull Critical review

bull Literature review

bull Mapping reviewsystematic map

bull Meta-analysis

bull Mixed studiesmixed methods review

bull Overview

bull Qualitative systematic reviewqualitative evidence

synthesis

bull Rapid review

bull Scoping review

Grant MJ amp Boothe A A typology of reviews an analysis of 14

review types and associated methodologies Health Information and

Library Journal 26(2) 91-108 2009

Types of review

bull State-of-the-art review

bull Systematic review

bull Systematic search and review

bull Systematized review

bull Umbrella review

bull Umbrella review

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Systematic review Literature review

Question Focused on a single question Not necessarily focused on a single

question but may describe an overview

Protocol A peer review protocol or plan is included No protocol is included

Background Both provide summaries of rationale to the review

Objectives Clear objectives are identified Objectives may or may not be identified

Study inclusion and

exclusion criteria

Criteria stated before the review is conducted Criteria often not specified

Search strategy Comprehensive search conducted in a

systematic way

Strategy not explicitly stated

Process of selecting

articles

Usually clear and explicit and involve double

screening

Not described in a literature review

Process of evaluating

articles

Comprehensive evaluation of study quality Evaluation of study quality

may or may not be included

Results and data

synthesis

Clear summaries of studies taking into account

quality of evidence

Summary based on studies where the quality of

articles may not be specified May also be

influenced by the reviewerrsquos theories needs

and beliefs

Bias amp replicability Minimises publication and selection bias and

review can easily be reproduced

Open to bias and difficult to repeat the review

Adapted from Bettany-Saltikov J (2010) Learning how to undertake a

systematic review part 1 Nursing Standard 24 50 47-55 Date of

acceptance October 26 2009

Systematic vs Literature Review

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 Accidents

2 exp Accidents Traffic

3 exp Accident Prevention

4 exp Motorcycles

5 motor-cycl or motorcycl or motor-bik or motorbik or scooter or moped or moto

or motocycl or motocicl

6 trauma or injur or fatal or accident or crash or prevent or collide or collision

7 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6

8 head near protect

9 head near shield

10 helmet

11 exp Head Protective Devices

12 8 or 9 or 10 or 11

13 7 and 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101002146518

58CD004333pub3abstract

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

introducing the research topic

bull clarifying the question

bull setting parameters (inclusionexclusion criteria not built into

search)

lose marks through sloppy referencesQuestion

Keywords

Synonyms

MeSH Subject Headings sub headings

Boolean Logic

Truncation wildcards

Limits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Topic -gt question -gt keywordssynonyms

Diabetes especially the impact of patient education hellip

rdquoIs patient education effective in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipkeywords synonyms

Themes

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers

2 ndash patient education

3 ndash blood sugar

From topic to search

Synonyms

PICO

PatientProblemPopulation

Intervention

Comparison

Outcome

(time)

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers teens adolescents

2ndash patient education patient information

3 ndash blood sugar blood glucose hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

AND ndash to narrow the search by combining different topics

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo and ldquopatient educationrdquo

Both terms must be present in the results

teenagepatient

education

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

OR ndash to broaden your search by combining similar terms

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo or ldquoadolescentrdquo

Either term can be present in the resulting set of articles

teenage adolescent

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

NOT ndash to restrict your search so that it does not contain a particular term

eg

Hypoglycaemia NOT hyperglycaemia

The first but not the second term must be present

hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

patient education OR patient information

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYQuestion

1st theme OR OR OR

AND

2nd theme OR OR OR

AND

3rd theme OR OR OR

AND

4th theme OR OR OR

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYMind map your question

Research

question

1st

theme

4th

theme

3rd

theme

2nd

theme

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym synonym

synonym

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTruncation

treat

treats

treating

treated

treater

treatment

treatments

bull Treat

bull Treat

bull Treat$

Treatment

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Truncation wildcards

1 ndash teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull Go to httptinyurlcomembase

bull Click through to open EMBASE

bull Using advance search type a key word

(untick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo)

bull How many hits

bull Type the keyword with some truncation (use )

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Where in the article record do you want the termskeywords to appear

bull Title

bull Abstract

bull Allany field

bull Impact on sensitivityspecificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull In EMBASE

bull Type a key word and search by ldquokeywordrdquo

bull How many hits

bull Type a keyword and search by ldquotitlerdquo

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 3: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

bull how to clarify the question (or perhaps questions) on which you need to find

literature

bull selecting the databases and other resources you will need to search

bull devising the most comprehensive literature search strategy so you know

yoursquove not missed any relevant studies

bull keeping up to date with new information appearing between the initial search

and write-up

bull issues around management of process and results

bull management of references (using software such as EndNote) and getting

hold of the full text article

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

bull What are the key elements in the systematic review process

What do you understand by

lsquosystematic reviewrsquo

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

ldquoA systematic review attempts to identify appraise and synthesise all the empirical evidence that meets pre-specified eligibility criteria to answer a given research question Researchers conducting systematic reviews use explicit methods aimed at minimising bias in order to produce more reliable findings that can be used to inform decision makingrdquo (Cochrane)

ldquoSystematic reviews aim to find as much as possible of the research relevant to the particular research questions and use explicit methods to identify what can reliably be said on the basis of these studies Methods should not only be explicit but systematic with the aim of producing varied and reliable resultsrdquo (EPPI)

ldquoA systematic review uses transparent procedures to find evaluate and synthesize the results of relevant research Procedures are explicitly defined in advance in order to ensure that the exercise is transparent and can be replicated This practice is also designed to minimise biasrdquo (Campbell)

What is a ldquosystematic reviewrdquo

Does not mean quick

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

bull Critical review

bull Literature review

bull Mapping reviewsystematic map

bull Meta-analysis

bull Mixed studiesmixed methods review

bull Overview

bull Qualitative systematic reviewqualitative evidence

synthesis

bull Rapid review

bull Scoping review

Grant MJ amp Boothe A A typology of reviews an analysis of 14

review types and associated methodologies Health Information and

Library Journal 26(2) 91-108 2009

Types of review

bull State-of-the-art review

bull Systematic review

bull Systematic search and review

bull Systematized review

bull Umbrella review

bull Umbrella review

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Systematic review Literature review

Question Focused on a single question Not necessarily focused on a single

question but may describe an overview

Protocol A peer review protocol or plan is included No protocol is included

Background Both provide summaries of rationale to the review

Objectives Clear objectives are identified Objectives may or may not be identified

Study inclusion and

exclusion criteria

Criteria stated before the review is conducted Criteria often not specified

Search strategy Comprehensive search conducted in a

systematic way

Strategy not explicitly stated

Process of selecting

articles

Usually clear and explicit and involve double

screening

Not described in a literature review

Process of evaluating

articles

Comprehensive evaluation of study quality Evaluation of study quality

may or may not be included

Results and data

synthesis

Clear summaries of studies taking into account

quality of evidence

Summary based on studies where the quality of

articles may not be specified May also be

influenced by the reviewerrsquos theories needs

and beliefs

Bias amp replicability Minimises publication and selection bias and

review can easily be reproduced

Open to bias and difficult to repeat the review

Adapted from Bettany-Saltikov J (2010) Learning how to undertake a

systematic review part 1 Nursing Standard 24 50 47-55 Date of

acceptance October 26 2009

Systematic vs Literature Review

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 Accidents

2 exp Accidents Traffic

3 exp Accident Prevention

4 exp Motorcycles

5 motor-cycl or motorcycl or motor-bik or motorbik or scooter or moped or moto

or motocycl or motocicl

6 trauma or injur or fatal or accident or crash or prevent or collide or collision

7 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6

8 head near protect

9 head near shield

10 helmet

11 exp Head Protective Devices

12 8 or 9 or 10 or 11

13 7 and 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101002146518

58CD004333pub3abstract

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

introducing the research topic

bull clarifying the question

bull setting parameters (inclusionexclusion criteria not built into

search)

lose marks through sloppy referencesQuestion

Keywords

Synonyms

MeSH Subject Headings sub headings

Boolean Logic

Truncation wildcards

Limits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Topic -gt question -gt keywordssynonyms

Diabetes especially the impact of patient education hellip

rdquoIs patient education effective in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipkeywords synonyms

Themes

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers

2 ndash patient education

3 ndash blood sugar

From topic to search

Synonyms

PICO

PatientProblemPopulation

Intervention

Comparison

Outcome

(time)

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers teens adolescents

2ndash patient education patient information

3 ndash blood sugar blood glucose hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

AND ndash to narrow the search by combining different topics

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo and ldquopatient educationrdquo

Both terms must be present in the results

teenagepatient

education

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

OR ndash to broaden your search by combining similar terms

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo or ldquoadolescentrdquo

Either term can be present in the resulting set of articles

teenage adolescent

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

NOT ndash to restrict your search so that it does not contain a particular term

eg

Hypoglycaemia NOT hyperglycaemia

The first but not the second term must be present

hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

patient education OR patient information

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYQuestion

1st theme OR OR OR

AND

2nd theme OR OR OR

AND

3rd theme OR OR OR

AND

4th theme OR OR OR

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYMind map your question

Research

question

1st

theme

4th

theme

3rd

theme

2nd

theme

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym synonym

synonym

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTruncation

treat

treats

treating

treated

treater

treatment

treatments

bull Treat

bull Treat

bull Treat$

Treatment

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Truncation wildcards

1 ndash teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull Go to httptinyurlcomembase

bull Click through to open EMBASE

bull Using advance search type a key word

(untick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo)

bull How many hits

bull Type the keyword with some truncation (use )

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Where in the article record do you want the termskeywords to appear

bull Title

bull Abstract

bull Allany field

bull Impact on sensitivityspecificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull In EMBASE

bull Type a key word and search by ldquokeywordrdquo

bull How many hits

bull Type a keyword and search by ldquotitlerdquo

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 4: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

bull how to clarify the question (or perhaps questions) on which you need to find

literature

bull selecting the databases and other resources you will need to search

bull devising the most comprehensive literature search strategy so you know

yoursquove not missed any relevant studies

bull keeping up to date with new information appearing between the initial search

and write-up

bull issues around management of process and results

bull management of references (using software such as EndNote) and getting

hold of the full text article

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

bull What are the key elements in the systematic review process

What do you understand by

lsquosystematic reviewrsquo

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

ldquoA systematic review attempts to identify appraise and synthesise all the empirical evidence that meets pre-specified eligibility criteria to answer a given research question Researchers conducting systematic reviews use explicit methods aimed at minimising bias in order to produce more reliable findings that can be used to inform decision makingrdquo (Cochrane)

ldquoSystematic reviews aim to find as much as possible of the research relevant to the particular research questions and use explicit methods to identify what can reliably be said on the basis of these studies Methods should not only be explicit but systematic with the aim of producing varied and reliable resultsrdquo (EPPI)

ldquoA systematic review uses transparent procedures to find evaluate and synthesize the results of relevant research Procedures are explicitly defined in advance in order to ensure that the exercise is transparent and can be replicated This practice is also designed to minimise biasrdquo (Campbell)

What is a ldquosystematic reviewrdquo

Does not mean quick

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

bull Critical review

bull Literature review

bull Mapping reviewsystematic map

bull Meta-analysis

bull Mixed studiesmixed methods review

bull Overview

bull Qualitative systematic reviewqualitative evidence

synthesis

bull Rapid review

bull Scoping review

Grant MJ amp Boothe A A typology of reviews an analysis of 14

review types and associated methodologies Health Information and

Library Journal 26(2) 91-108 2009

Types of review

bull State-of-the-art review

bull Systematic review

bull Systematic search and review

bull Systematized review

bull Umbrella review

bull Umbrella review

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Systematic review Literature review

Question Focused on a single question Not necessarily focused on a single

question but may describe an overview

Protocol A peer review protocol or plan is included No protocol is included

Background Both provide summaries of rationale to the review

Objectives Clear objectives are identified Objectives may or may not be identified

Study inclusion and

exclusion criteria

Criteria stated before the review is conducted Criteria often not specified

Search strategy Comprehensive search conducted in a

systematic way

Strategy not explicitly stated

Process of selecting

articles

Usually clear and explicit and involve double

screening

Not described in a literature review

Process of evaluating

articles

Comprehensive evaluation of study quality Evaluation of study quality

may or may not be included

Results and data

synthesis

Clear summaries of studies taking into account

quality of evidence

Summary based on studies where the quality of

articles may not be specified May also be

influenced by the reviewerrsquos theories needs

and beliefs

Bias amp replicability Minimises publication and selection bias and

review can easily be reproduced

Open to bias and difficult to repeat the review

Adapted from Bettany-Saltikov J (2010) Learning how to undertake a

systematic review part 1 Nursing Standard 24 50 47-55 Date of

acceptance October 26 2009

Systematic vs Literature Review

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 Accidents

2 exp Accidents Traffic

3 exp Accident Prevention

4 exp Motorcycles

5 motor-cycl or motorcycl or motor-bik or motorbik or scooter or moped or moto

or motocycl or motocicl

6 trauma or injur or fatal or accident or crash or prevent or collide or collision

7 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6

8 head near protect

9 head near shield

10 helmet

11 exp Head Protective Devices

12 8 or 9 or 10 or 11

13 7 and 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101002146518

58CD004333pub3abstract

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

introducing the research topic

bull clarifying the question

bull setting parameters (inclusionexclusion criteria not built into

search)

lose marks through sloppy referencesQuestion

Keywords

Synonyms

MeSH Subject Headings sub headings

Boolean Logic

Truncation wildcards

Limits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Topic -gt question -gt keywordssynonyms

Diabetes especially the impact of patient education hellip

rdquoIs patient education effective in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipkeywords synonyms

Themes

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers

2 ndash patient education

3 ndash blood sugar

From topic to search

Synonyms

PICO

PatientProblemPopulation

Intervention

Comparison

Outcome

(time)

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers teens adolescents

2ndash patient education patient information

3 ndash blood sugar blood glucose hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

AND ndash to narrow the search by combining different topics

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo and ldquopatient educationrdquo

Both terms must be present in the results

teenagepatient

education

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

OR ndash to broaden your search by combining similar terms

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo or ldquoadolescentrdquo

Either term can be present in the resulting set of articles

teenage adolescent

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

NOT ndash to restrict your search so that it does not contain a particular term

eg

Hypoglycaemia NOT hyperglycaemia

The first but not the second term must be present

hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

patient education OR patient information

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYQuestion

1st theme OR OR OR

AND

2nd theme OR OR OR

AND

3rd theme OR OR OR

AND

4th theme OR OR OR

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYMind map your question

Research

question

1st

theme

4th

theme

3rd

theme

2nd

theme

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym synonym

synonym

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTruncation

treat

treats

treating

treated

treater

treatment

treatments

bull Treat

bull Treat

bull Treat$

Treatment

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Truncation wildcards

1 ndash teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull Go to httptinyurlcomembase

bull Click through to open EMBASE

bull Using advance search type a key word

(untick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo)

bull How many hits

bull Type the keyword with some truncation (use )

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Where in the article record do you want the termskeywords to appear

bull Title

bull Abstract

bull Allany field

bull Impact on sensitivityspecificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull In EMBASE

bull Type a key word and search by ldquokeywordrdquo

bull How many hits

bull Type a keyword and search by ldquotitlerdquo

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 5: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

bull What are the key elements in the systematic review process

What do you understand by

lsquosystematic reviewrsquo

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

ldquoA systematic review attempts to identify appraise and synthesise all the empirical evidence that meets pre-specified eligibility criteria to answer a given research question Researchers conducting systematic reviews use explicit methods aimed at minimising bias in order to produce more reliable findings that can be used to inform decision makingrdquo (Cochrane)

ldquoSystematic reviews aim to find as much as possible of the research relevant to the particular research questions and use explicit methods to identify what can reliably be said on the basis of these studies Methods should not only be explicit but systematic with the aim of producing varied and reliable resultsrdquo (EPPI)

ldquoA systematic review uses transparent procedures to find evaluate and synthesize the results of relevant research Procedures are explicitly defined in advance in order to ensure that the exercise is transparent and can be replicated This practice is also designed to minimise biasrdquo (Campbell)

What is a ldquosystematic reviewrdquo

Does not mean quick

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

bull Critical review

bull Literature review

bull Mapping reviewsystematic map

bull Meta-analysis

bull Mixed studiesmixed methods review

bull Overview

bull Qualitative systematic reviewqualitative evidence

synthesis

bull Rapid review

bull Scoping review

Grant MJ amp Boothe A A typology of reviews an analysis of 14

review types and associated methodologies Health Information and

Library Journal 26(2) 91-108 2009

Types of review

bull State-of-the-art review

bull Systematic review

bull Systematic search and review

bull Systematized review

bull Umbrella review

bull Umbrella review

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Systematic review Literature review

Question Focused on a single question Not necessarily focused on a single

question but may describe an overview

Protocol A peer review protocol or plan is included No protocol is included

Background Both provide summaries of rationale to the review

Objectives Clear objectives are identified Objectives may or may not be identified

Study inclusion and

exclusion criteria

Criteria stated before the review is conducted Criteria often not specified

Search strategy Comprehensive search conducted in a

systematic way

Strategy not explicitly stated

Process of selecting

articles

Usually clear and explicit and involve double

screening

Not described in a literature review

Process of evaluating

articles

Comprehensive evaluation of study quality Evaluation of study quality

may or may not be included

Results and data

synthesis

Clear summaries of studies taking into account

quality of evidence

Summary based on studies where the quality of

articles may not be specified May also be

influenced by the reviewerrsquos theories needs

and beliefs

Bias amp replicability Minimises publication and selection bias and

review can easily be reproduced

Open to bias and difficult to repeat the review

Adapted from Bettany-Saltikov J (2010) Learning how to undertake a

systematic review part 1 Nursing Standard 24 50 47-55 Date of

acceptance October 26 2009

Systematic vs Literature Review

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 Accidents

2 exp Accidents Traffic

3 exp Accident Prevention

4 exp Motorcycles

5 motor-cycl or motorcycl or motor-bik or motorbik or scooter or moped or moto

or motocycl or motocicl

6 trauma or injur or fatal or accident or crash or prevent or collide or collision

7 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6

8 head near protect

9 head near shield

10 helmet

11 exp Head Protective Devices

12 8 or 9 or 10 or 11

13 7 and 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101002146518

58CD004333pub3abstract

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

introducing the research topic

bull clarifying the question

bull setting parameters (inclusionexclusion criteria not built into

search)

lose marks through sloppy referencesQuestion

Keywords

Synonyms

MeSH Subject Headings sub headings

Boolean Logic

Truncation wildcards

Limits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Topic -gt question -gt keywordssynonyms

Diabetes especially the impact of patient education hellip

rdquoIs patient education effective in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipkeywords synonyms

Themes

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers

2 ndash patient education

3 ndash blood sugar

From topic to search

Synonyms

PICO

PatientProblemPopulation

Intervention

Comparison

Outcome

(time)

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers teens adolescents

2ndash patient education patient information

3 ndash blood sugar blood glucose hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

AND ndash to narrow the search by combining different topics

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo and ldquopatient educationrdquo

Both terms must be present in the results

teenagepatient

education

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

OR ndash to broaden your search by combining similar terms

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo or ldquoadolescentrdquo

Either term can be present in the resulting set of articles

teenage adolescent

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

NOT ndash to restrict your search so that it does not contain a particular term

eg

Hypoglycaemia NOT hyperglycaemia

The first but not the second term must be present

hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

patient education OR patient information

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYQuestion

1st theme OR OR OR

AND

2nd theme OR OR OR

AND

3rd theme OR OR OR

AND

4th theme OR OR OR

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYMind map your question

Research

question

1st

theme

4th

theme

3rd

theme

2nd

theme

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym synonym

synonym

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTruncation

treat

treats

treating

treated

treater

treatment

treatments

bull Treat

bull Treat

bull Treat$

Treatment

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Truncation wildcards

1 ndash teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull Go to httptinyurlcomembase

bull Click through to open EMBASE

bull Using advance search type a key word

(untick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo)

bull How many hits

bull Type the keyword with some truncation (use )

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Where in the article record do you want the termskeywords to appear

bull Title

bull Abstract

bull Allany field

bull Impact on sensitivityspecificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull In EMBASE

bull Type a key word and search by ldquokeywordrdquo

bull How many hits

bull Type a keyword and search by ldquotitlerdquo

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 6: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

ldquoA systematic review attempts to identify appraise and synthesise all the empirical evidence that meets pre-specified eligibility criteria to answer a given research question Researchers conducting systematic reviews use explicit methods aimed at minimising bias in order to produce more reliable findings that can be used to inform decision makingrdquo (Cochrane)

ldquoSystematic reviews aim to find as much as possible of the research relevant to the particular research questions and use explicit methods to identify what can reliably be said on the basis of these studies Methods should not only be explicit but systematic with the aim of producing varied and reliable resultsrdquo (EPPI)

ldquoA systematic review uses transparent procedures to find evaluate and synthesize the results of relevant research Procedures are explicitly defined in advance in order to ensure that the exercise is transparent and can be replicated This practice is also designed to minimise biasrdquo (Campbell)

What is a ldquosystematic reviewrdquo

Does not mean quick

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

bull Critical review

bull Literature review

bull Mapping reviewsystematic map

bull Meta-analysis

bull Mixed studiesmixed methods review

bull Overview

bull Qualitative systematic reviewqualitative evidence

synthesis

bull Rapid review

bull Scoping review

Grant MJ amp Boothe A A typology of reviews an analysis of 14

review types and associated methodologies Health Information and

Library Journal 26(2) 91-108 2009

Types of review

bull State-of-the-art review

bull Systematic review

bull Systematic search and review

bull Systematized review

bull Umbrella review

bull Umbrella review

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Systematic review Literature review

Question Focused on a single question Not necessarily focused on a single

question but may describe an overview

Protocol A peer review protocol or plan is included No protocol is included

Background Both provide summaries of rationale to the review

Objectives Clear objectives are identified Objectives may or may not be identified

Study inclusion and

exclusion criteria

Criteria stated before the review is conducted Criteria often not specified

Search strategy Comprehensive search conducted in a

systematic way

Strategy not explicitly stated

Process of selecting

articles

Usually clear and explicit and involve double

screening

Not described in a literature review

Process of evaluating

articles

Comprehensive evaluation of study quality Evaluation of study quality

may or may not be included

Results and data

synthesis

Clear summaries of studies taking into account

quality of evidence

Summary based on studies where the quality of

articles may not be specified May also be

influenced by the reviewerrsquos theories needs

and beliefs

Bias amp replicability Minimises publication and selection bias and

review can easily be reproduced

Open to bias and difficult to repeat the review

Adapted from Bettany-Saltikov J (2010) Learning how to undertake a

systematic review part 1 Nursing Standard 24 50 47-55 Date of

acceptance October 26 2009

Systematic vs Literature Review

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 Accidents

2 exp Accidents Traffic

3 exp Accident Prevention

4 exp Motorcycles

5 motor-cycl or motorcycl or motor-bik or motorbik or scooter or moped or moto

or motocycl or motocicl

6 trauma or injur or fatal or accident or crash or prevent or collide or collision

7 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6

8 head near protect

9 head near shield

10 helmet

11 exp Head Protective Devices

12 8 or 9 or 10 or 11

13 7 and 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101002146518

58CD004333pub3abstract

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

introducing the research topic

bull clarifying the question

bull setting parameters (inclusionexclusion criteria not built into

search)

lose marks through sloppy referencesQuestion

Keywords

Synonyms

MeSH Subject Headings sub headings

Boolean Logic

Truncation wildcards

Limits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Topic -gt question -gt keywordssynonyms

Diabetes especially the impact of patient education hellip

rdquoIs patient education effective in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipkeywords synonyms

Themes

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers

2 ndash patient education

3 ndash blood sugar

From topic to search

Synonyms

PICO

PatientProblemPopulation

Intervention

Comparison

Outcome

(time)

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers teens adolescents

2ndash patient education patient information

3 ndash blood sugar blood glucose hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

AND ndash to narrow the search by combining different topics

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo and ldquopatient educationrdquo

Both terms must be present in the results

teenagepatient

education

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

OR ndash to broaden your search by combining similar terms

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo or ldquoadolescentrdquo

Either term can be present in the resulting set of articles

teenage adolescent

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

NOT ndash to restrict your search so that it does not contain a particular term

eg

Hypoglycaemia NOT hyperglycaemia

The first but not the second term must be present

hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

patient education OR patient information

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYQuestion

1st theme OR OR OR

AND

2nd theme OR OR OR

AND

3rd theme OR OR OR

AND

4th theme OR OR OR

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYMind map your question

Research

question

1st

theme

4th

theme

3rd

theme

2nd

theme

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym synonym

synonym

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTruncation

treat

treats

treating

treated

treater

treatment

treatments

bull Treat

bull Treat

bull Treat$

Treatment

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Truncation wildcards

1 ndash teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull Go to httptinyurlcomembase

bull Click through to open EMBASE

bull Using advance search type a key word

(untick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo)

bull How many hits

bull Type the keyword with some truncation (use )

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Where in the article record do you want the termskeywords to appear

bull Title

bull Abstract

bull Allany field

bull Impact on sensitivityspecificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull In EMBASE

bull Type a key word and search by ldquokeywordrdquo

bull How many hits

bull Type a keyword and search by ldquotitlerdquo

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 7: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

bull Critical review

bull Literature review

bull Mapping reviewsystematic map

bull Meta-analysis

bull Mixed studiesmixed methods review

bull Overview

bull Qualitative systematic reviewqualitative evidence

synthesis

bull Rapid review

bull Scoping review

Grant MJ amp Boothe A A typology of reviews an analysis of 14

review types and associated methodologies Health Information and

Library Journal 26(2) 91-108 2009

Types of review

bull State-of-the-art review

bull Systematic review

bull Systematic search and review

bull Systematized review

bull Umbrella review

bull Umbrella review

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Systematic review Literature review

Question Focused on a single question Not necessarily focused on a single

question but may describe an overview

Protocol A peer review protocol or plan is included No protocol is included

Background Both provide summaries of rationale to the review

Objectives Clear objectives are identified Objectives may or may not be identified

Study inclusion and

exclusion criteria

Criteria stated before the review is conducted Criteria often not specified

Search strategy Comprehensive search conducted in a

systematic way

Strategy not explicitly stated

Process of selecting

articles

Usually clear and explicit and involve double

screening

Not described in a literature review

Process of evaluating

articles

Comprehensive evaluation of study quality Evaluation of study quality

may or may not be included

Results and data

synthesis

Clear summaries of studies taking into account

quality of evidence

Summary based on studies where the quality of

articles may not be specified May also be

influenced by the reviewerrsquos theories needs

and beliefs

Bias amp replicability Minimises publication and selection bias and

review can easily be reproduced

Open to bias and difficult to repeat the review

Adapted from Bettany-Saltikov J (2010) Learning how to undertake a

systematic review part 1 Nursing Standard 24 50 47-55 Date of

acceptance October 26 2009

Systematic vs Literature Review

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 Accidents

2 exp Accidents Traffic

3 exp Accident Prevention

4 exp Motorcycles

5 motor-cycl or motorcycl or motor-bik or motorbik or scooter or moped or moto

or motocycl or motocicl

6 trauma or injur or fatal or accident or crash or prevent or collide or collision

7 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6

8 head near protect

9 head near shield

10 helmet

11 exp Head Protective Devices

12 8 or 9 or 10 or 11

13 7 and 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101002146518

58CD004333pub3abstract

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

introducing the research topic

bull clarifying the question

bull setting parameters (inclusionexclusion criteria not built into

search)

lose marks through sloppy referencesQuestion

Keywords

Synonyms

MeSH Subject Headings sub headings

Boolean Logic

Truncation wildcards

Limits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Topic -gt question -gt keywordssynonyms

Diabetes especially the impact of patient education hellip

rdquoIs patient education effective in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipkeywords synonyms

Themes

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers

2 ndash patient education

3 ndash blood sugar

From topic to search

Synonyms

PICO

PatientProblemPopulation

Intervention

Comparison

Outcome

(time)

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers teens adolescents

2ndash patient education patient information

3 ndash blood sugar blood glucose hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

AND ndash to narrow the search by combining different topics

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo and ldquopatient educationrdquo

Both terms must be present in the results

teenagepatient

education

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

OR ndash to broaden your search by combining similar terms

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo or ldquoadolescentrdquo

Either term can be present in the resulting set of articles

teenage adolescent

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

NOT ndash to restrict your search so that it does not contain a particular term

eg

Hypoglycaemia NOT hyperglycaemia

The first but not the second term must be present

hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

patient education OR patient information

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYQuestion

1st theme OR OR OR

AND

2nd theme OR OR OR

AND

3rd theme OR OR OR

AND

4th theme OR OR OR

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYMind map your question

Research

question

1st

theme

4th

theme

3rd

theme

2nd

theme

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym synonym

synonym

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTruncation

treat

treats

treating

treated

treater

treatment

treatments

bull Treat

bull Treat

bull Treat$

Treatment

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Truncation wildcards

1 ndash teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull Go to httptinyurlcomembase

bull Click through to open EMBASE

bull Using advance search type a key word

(untick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo)

bull How many hits

bull Type the keyword with some truncation (use )

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Where in the article record do you want the termskeywords to appear

bull Title

bull Abstract

bull Allany field

bull Impact on sensitivityspecificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull In EMBASE

bull Type a key word and search by ldquokeywordrdquo

bull How many hits

bull Type a keyword and search by ldquotitlerdquo

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 8: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Systematic review Literature review

Question Focused on a single question Not necessarily focused on a single

question but may describe an overview

Protocol A peer review protocol or plan is included No protocol is included

Background Both provide summaries of rationale to the review

Objectives Clear objectives are identified Objectives may or may not be identified

Study inclusion and

exclusion criteria

Criteria stated before the review is conducted Criteria often not specified

Search strategy Comprehensive search conducted in a

systematic way

Strategy not explicitly stated

Process of selecting

articles

Usually clear and explicit and involve double

screening

Not described in a literature review

Process of evaluating

articles

Comprehensive evaluation of study quality Evaluation of study quality

may or may not be included

Results and data

synthesis

Clear summaries of studies taking into account

quality of evidence

Summary based on studies where the quality of

articles may not be specified May also be

influenced by the reviewerrsquos theories needs

and beliefs

Bias amp replicability Minimises publication and selection bias and

review can easily be reproduced

Open to bias and difficult to repeat the review

Adapted from Bettany-Saltikov J (2010) Learning how to undertake a

systematic review part 1 Nursing Standard 24 50 47-55 Date of

acceptance October 26 2009

Systematic vs Literature Review

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 Accidents

2 exp Accidents Traffic

3 exp Accident Prevention

4 exp Motorcycles

5 motor-cycl or motorcycl or motor-bik or motorbik or scooter or moped or moto

or motocycl or motocicl

6 trauma or injur or fatal or accident or crash or prevent or collide or collision

7 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6

8 head near protect

9 head near shield

10 helmet

11 exp Head Protective Devices

12 8 or 9 or 10 or 11

13 7 and 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101002146518

58CD004333pub3abstract

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

introducing the research topic

bull clarifying the question

bull setting parameters (inclusionexclusion criteria not built into

search)

lose marks through sloppy referencesQuestion

Keywords

Synonyms

MeSH Subject Headings sub headings

Boolean Logic

Truncation wildcards

Limits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Topic -gt question -gt keywordssynonyms

Diabetes especially the impact of patient education hellip

rdquoIs patient education effective in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipkeywords synonyms

Themes

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers

2 ndash patient education

3 ndash blood sugar

From topic to search

Synonyms

PICO

PatientProblemPopulation

Intervention

Comparison

Outcome

(time)

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers teens adolescents

2ndash patient education patient information

3 ndash blood sugar blood glucose hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

AND ndash to narrow the search by combining different topics

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo and ldquopatient educationrdquo

Both terms must be present in the results

teenagepatient

education

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

OR ndash to broaden your search by combining similar terms

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo or ldquoadolescentrdquo

Either term can be present in the resulting set of articles

teenage adolescent

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

NOT ndash to restrict your search so that it does not contain a particular term

eg

Hypoglycaemia NOT hyperglycaemia

The first but not the second term must be present

hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

patient education OR patient information

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYQuestion

1st theme OR OR OR

AND

2nd theme OR OR OR

AND

3rd theme OR OR OR

AND

4th theme OR OR OR

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYMind map your question

Research

question

1st

theme

4th

theme

3rd

theme

2nd

theme

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym synonym

synonym

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTruncation

treat

treats

treating

treated

treater

treatment

treatments

bull Treat

bull Treat

bull Treat$

Treatment

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Truncation wildcards

1 ndash teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull Go to httptinyurlcomembase

bull Click through to open EMBASE

bull Using advance search type a key word

(untick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo)

bull How many hits

bull Type the keyword with some truncation (use )

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Where in the article record do you want the termskeywords to appear

bull Title

bull Abstract

bull Allany field

bull Impact on sensitivityspecificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull In EMBASE

bull Type a key word and search by ldquokeywordrdquo

bull How many hits

bull Type a keyword and search by ldquotitlerdquo

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 9: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 Accidents

2 exp Accidents Traffic

3 exp Accident Prevention

4 exp Motorcycles

5 motor-cycl or motorcycl or motor-bik or motorbik or scooter or moped or moto

or motocycl or motocicl

6 trauma or injur or fatal or accident or crash or prevent or collide or collision

7 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6

8 head near protect

9 head near shield

10 helmet

11 exp Head Protective Devices

12 8 or 9 or 10 or 11

13 7 and 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101002146518

58CD004333pub3abstract

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

introducing the research topic

bull clarifying the question

bull setting parameters (inclusionexclusion criteria not built into

search)

lose marks through sloppy referencesQuestion

Keywords

Synonyms

MeSH Subject Headings sub headings

Boolean Logic

Truncation wildcards

Limits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Topic -gt question -gt keywordssynonyms

Diabetes especially the impact of patient education hellip

rdquoIs patient education effective in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipkeywords synonyms

Themes

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers

2 ndash patient education

3 ndash blood sugar

From topic to search

Synonyms

PICO

PatientProblemPopulation

Intervention

Comparison

Outcome

(time)

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers teens adolescents

2ndash patient education patient information

3 ndash blood sugar blood glucose hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

AND ndash to narrow the search by combining different topics

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo and ldquopatient educationrdquo

Both terms must be present in the results

teenagepatient

education

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

OR ndash to broaden your search by combining similar terms

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo or ldquoadolescentrdquo

Either term can be present in the resulting set of articles

teenage adolescent

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

NOT ndash to restrict your search so that it does not contain a particular term

eg

Hypoglycaemia NOT hyperglycaemia

The first but not the second term must be present

hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

patient education OR patient information

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYQuestion

1st theme OR OR OR

AND

2nd theme OR OR OR

AND

3rd theme OR OR OR

AND

4th theme OR OR OR

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYMind map your question

Research

question

1st

theme

4th

theme

3rd

theme

2nd

theme

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym synonym

synonym

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTruncation

treat

treats

treating

treated

treater

treatment

treatments

bull Treat

bull Treat

bull Treat$

Treatment

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Truncation wildcards

1 ndash teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull Go to httptinyurlcomembase

bull Click through to open EMBASE

bull Using advance search type a key word

(untick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo)

bull How many hits

bull Type the keyword with some truncation (use )

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Where in the article record do you want the termskeywords to appear

bull Title

bull Abstract

bull Allany field

bull Impact on sensitivityspecificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull In EMBASE

bull Type a key word and search by ldquokeywordrdquo

bull How many hits

bull Type a keyword and search by ldquotitlerdquo

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 10: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httponlinelibrarywileycomdoi101002146518

58CD004333pub3abstract

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

introducing the research topic

bull clarifying the question

bull setting parameters (inclusionexclusion criteria not built into

search)

lose marks through sloppy referencesQuestion

Keywords

Synonyms

MeSH Subject Headings sub headings

Boolean Logic

Truncation wildcards

Limits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Topic -gt question -gt keywordssynonyms

Diabetes especially the impact of patient education hellip

rdquoIs patient education effective in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipkeywords synonyms

Themes

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers

2 ndash patient education

3 ndash blood sugar

From topic to search

Synonyms

PICO

PatientProblemPopulation

Intervention

Comparison

Outcome

(time)

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers teens adolescents

2ndash patient education patient information

3 ndash blood sugar blood glucose hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

AND ndash to narrow the search by combining different topics

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo and ldquopatient educationrdquo

Both terms must be present in the results

teenagepatient

education

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

OR ndash to broaden your search by combining similar terms

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo or ldquoadolescentrdquo

Either term can be present in the resulting set of articles

teenage adolescent

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

NOT ndash to restrict your search so that it does not contain a particular term

eg

Hypoglycaemia NOT hyperglycaemia

The first but not the second term must be present

hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

patient education OR patient information

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYQuestion

1st theme OR OR OR

AND

2nd theme OR OR OR

AND

3rd theme OR OR OR

AND

4th theme OR OR OR

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYMind map your question

Research

question

1st

theme

4th

theme

3rd

theme

2nd

theme

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym synonym

synonym

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTruncation

treat

treats

treating

treated

treater

treatment

treatments

bull Treat

bull Treat

bull Treat$

Treatment

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Truncation wildcards

1 ndash teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull Go to httptinyurlcomembase

bull Click through to open EMBASE

bull Using advance search type a key word

(untick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo)

bull How many hits

bull Type the keyword with some truncation (use )

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Where in the article record do you want the termskeywords to appear

bull Title

bull Abstract

bull Allany field

bull Impact on sensitivityspecificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull In EMBASE

bull Type a key word and search by ldquokeywordrdquo

bull How many hits

bull Type a keyword and search by ldquotitlerdquo

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 11: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

introducing the research topic

bull clarifying the question

bull setting parameters (inclusionexclusion criteria not built into

search)

lose marks through sloppy referencesQuestion

Keywords

Synonyms

MeSH Subject Headings sub headings

Boolean Logic

Truncation wildcards

Limits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Topic -gt question -gt keywordssynonyms

Diabetes especially the impact of patient education hellip

rdquoIs patient education effective in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipkeywords synonyms

Themes

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers

2 ndash patient education

3 ndash blood sugar

From topic to search

Synonyms

PICO

PatientProblemPopulation

Intervention

Comparison

Outcome

(time)

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers teens adolescents

2ndash patient education patient information

3 ndash blood sugar blood glucose hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

AND ndash to narrow the search by combining different topics

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo and ldquopatient educationrdquo

Both terms must be present in the results

teenagepatient

education

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

OR ndash to broaden your search by combining similar terms

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo or ldquoadolescentrdquo

Either term can be present in the resulting set of articles

teenage adolescent

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

NOT ndash to restrict your search so that it does not contain a particular term

eg

Hypoglycaemia NOT hyperglycaemia

The first but not the second term must be present

hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

patient education OR patient information

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYQuestion

1st theme OR OR OR

AND

2nd theme OR OR OR

AND

3rd theme OR OR OR

AND

4th theme OR OR OR

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYMind map your question

Research

question

1st

theme

4th

theme

3rd

theme

2nd

theme

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym synonym

synonym

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTruncation

treat

treats

treating

treated

treater

treatment

treatments

bull Treat

bull Treat

bull Treat$

Treatment

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Truncation wildcards

1 ndash teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull Go to httptinyurlcomembase

bull Click through to open EMBASE

bull Using advance search type a key word

(untick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo)

bull How many hits

bull Type the keyword with some truncation (use )

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Where in the article record do you want the termskeywords to appear

bull Title

bull Abstract

bull Allany field

bull Impact on sensitivityspecificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull In EMBASE

bull Type a key word and search by ldquokeywordrdquo

bull How many hits

bull Type a keyword and search by ldquotitlerdquo

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 12: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

introducing the research topic

bull clarifying the question

bull setting parameters (inclusionexclusion criteria not built into

search)

lose marks through sloppy referencesQuestion

Keywords

Synonyms

MeSH Subject Headings sub headings

Boolean Logic

Truncation wildcards

Limits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Topic -gt question -gt keywordssynonyms

Diabetes especially the impact of patient education hellip

rdquoIs patient education effective in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipkeywords synonyms

Themes

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers

2 ndash patient education

3 ndash blood sugar

From topic to search

Synonyms

PICO

PatientProblemPopulation

Intervention

Comparison

Outcome

(time)

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers teens adolescents

2ndash patient education patient information

3 ndash blood sugar blood glucose hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

AND ndash to narrow the search by combining different topics

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo and ldquopatient educationrdquo

Both terms must be present in the results

teenagepatient

education

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

OR ndash to broaden your search by combining similar terms

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo or ldquoadolescentrdquo

Either term can be present in the resulting set of articles

teenage adolescent

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

NOT ndash to restrict your search so that it does not contain a particular term

eg

Hypoglycaemia NOT hyperglycaemia

The first but not the second term must be present

hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

patient education OR patient information

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYQuestion

1st theme OR OR OR

AND

2nd theme OR OR OR

AND

3rd theme OR OR OR

AND

4th theme OR OR OR

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYMind map your question

Research

question

1st

theme

4th

theme

3rd

theme

2nd

theme

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym synonym

synonym

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTruncation

treat

treats

treating

treated

treater

treatment

treatments

bull Treat

bull Treat

bull Treat$

Treatment

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Truncation wildcards

1 ndash teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull Go to httptinyurlcomembase

bull Click through to open EMBASE

bull Using advance search type a key word

(untick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo)

bull How many hits

bull Type the keyword with some truncation (use )

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Where in the article record do you want the termskeywords to appear

bull Title

bull Abstract

bull Allany field

bull Impact on sensitivityspecificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull In EMBASE

bull Type a key word and search by ldquokeywordrdquo

bull How many hits

bull Type a keyword and search by ldquotitlerdquo

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 13: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Topic -gt question -gt keywordssynonyms

Diabetes especially the impact of patient education hellip

rdquoIs patient education effective in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipkeywords synonyms

Themes

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers

2 ndash patient education

3 ndash blood sugar

From topic to search

Synonyms

PICO

PatientProblemPopulation

Intervention

Comparison

Outcome

(time)

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers teens adolescents

2ndash patient education patient information

3 ndash blood sugar blood glucose hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

AND ndash to narrow the search by combining different topics

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo and ldquopatient educationrdquo

Both terms must be present in the results

teenagepatient

education

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

OR ndash to broaden your search by combining similar terms

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo or ldquoadolescentrdquo

Either term can be present in the resulting set of articles

teenage adolescent

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

NOT ndash to restrict your search so that it does not contain a particular term

eg

Hypoglycaemia NOT hyperglycaemia

The first but not the second term must be present

hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

patient education OR patient information

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYQuestion

1st theme OR OR OR

AND

2nd theme OR OR OR

AND

3rd theme OR OR OR

AND

4th theme OR OR OR

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYMind map your question

Research

question

1st

theme

4th

theme

3rd

theme

2nd

theme

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym synonym

synonym

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTruncation

treat

treats

treating

treated

treater

treatment

treatments

bull Treat

bull Treat

bull Treat$

Treatment

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Truncation wildcards

1 ndash teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull Go to httptinyurlcomembase

bull Click through to open EMBASE

bull Using advance search type a key word

(untick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo)

bull How many hits

bull Type the keyword with some truncation (use )

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Where in the article record do you want the termskeywords to appear

bull Title

bull Abstract

bull Allany field

bull Impact on sensitivityspecificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull In EMBASE

bull Type a key word and search by ldquokeywordrdquo

bull How many hits

bull Type a keyword and search by ldquotitlerdquo

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 14: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers

2 ndash patient education

3 ndash blood sugar

From topic to search

Synonyms

PICO

PatientProblemPopulation

Intervention

Comparison

Outcome

(time)

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers teens adolescents

2ndash patient education patient information

3 ndash blood sugar blood glucose hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

AND ndash to narrow the search by combining different topics

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo and ldquopatient educationrdquo

Both terms must be present in the results

teenagepatient

education

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

OR ndash to broaden your search by combining similar terms

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo or ldquoadolescentrdquo

Either term can be present in the resulting set of articles

teenage adolescent

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

NOT ndash to restrict your search so that it does not contain a particular term

eg

Hypoglycaemia NOT hyperglycaemia

The first but not the second term must be present

hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

patient education OR patient information

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYQuestion

1st theme OR OR OR

AND

2nd theme OR OR OR

AND

3rd theme OR OR OR

AND

4th theme OR OR OR

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYMind map your question

Research

question

1st

theme

4th

theme

3rd

theme

2nd

theme

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym synonym

synonym

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTruncation

treat

treats

treating

treated

treater

treatment

treatments

bull Treat

bull Treat

bull Treat$

Treatment

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Truncation wildcards

1 ndash teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull Go to httptinyurlcomembase

bull Click through to open EMBASE

bull Using advance search type a key word

(untick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo)

bull How many hits

bull Type the keyword with some truncation (use )

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Where in the article record do you want the termskeywords to appear

bull Title

bull Abstract

bull Allany field

bull Impact on sensitivityspecificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull In EMBASE

bull Type a key word and search by ldquokeywordrdquo

bull How many hits

bull Type a keyword and search by ldquotitlerdquo

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 15: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

1 ndash teenagers teens adolescents

2ndash patient education patient information

3 ndash blood sugar blood glucose hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

AND ndash to narrow the search by combining different topics

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo and ldquopatient educationrdquo

Both terms must be present in the results

teenagepatient

education

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

OR ndash to broaden your search by combining similar terms

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo or ldquoadolescentrdquo

Either term can be present in the resulting set of articles

teenage adolescent

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

NOT ndash to restrict your search so that it does not contain a particular term

eg

Hypoglycaemia NOT hyperglycaemia

The first but not the second term must be present

hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

patient education OR patient information

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYQuestion

1st theme OR OR OR

AND

2nd theme OR OR OR

AND

3rd theme OR OR OR

AND

4th theme OR OR OR

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYMind map your question

Research

question

1st

theme

4th

theme

3rd

theme

2nd

theme

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym synonym

synonym

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTruncation

treat

treats

treating

treated

treater

treatment

treatments

bull Treat

bull Treat

bull Treat$

Treatment

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Truncation wildcards

1 ndash teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull Go to httptinyurlcomembase

bull Click through to open EMBASE

bull Using advance search type a key word

(untick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo)

bull How many hits

bull Type the keyword with some truncation (use )

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Where in the article record do you want the termskeywords to appear

bull Title

bull Abstract

bull Allany field

bull Impact on sensitivityspecificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull In EMBASE

bull Type a key word and search by ldquokeywordrdquo

bull How many hits

bull Type a keyword and search by ldquotitlerdquo

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 16: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

AND ndash to narrow the search by combining different topics

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo and ldquopatient educationrdquo

Both terms must be present in the results

teenagepatient

education

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

OR ndash to broaden your search by combining similar terms

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo or ldquoadolescentrdquo

Either term can be present in the resulting set of articles

teenage adolescent

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

NOT ndash to restrict your search so that it does not contain a particular term

eg

Hypoglycaemia NOT hyperglycaemia

The first but not the second term must be present

hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

patient education OR patient information

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYQuestion

1st theme OR OR OR

AND

2nd theme OR OR OR

AND

3rd theme OR OR OR

AND

4th theme OR OR OR

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYMind map your question

Research

question

1st

theme

4th

theme

3rd

theme

2nd

theme

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym synonym

synonym

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTruncation

treat

treats

treating

treated

treater

treatment

treatments

bull Treat

bull Treat

bull Treat$

Treatment

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Truncation wildcards

1 ndash teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull Go to httptinyurlcomembase

bull Click through to open EMBASE

bull Using advance search type a key word

(untick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo)

bull How many hits

bull Type the keyword with some truncation (use )

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Where in the article record do you want the termskeywords to appear

bull Title

bull Abstract

bull Allany field

bull Impact on sensitivityspecificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull In EMBASE

bull Type a key word and search by ldquokeywordrdquo

bull How many hits

bull Type a keyword and search by ldquotitlerdquo

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 17: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

OR ndash to broaden your search by combining similar terms

eg

ldquoteenagerdquo or ldquoadolescentrdquo

Either term can be present in the resulting set of articles

teenage adolescent

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

NOT ndash to restrict your search so that it does not contain a particular term

eg

Hypoglycaemia NOT hyperglycaemia

The first but not the second term must be present

hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

patient education OR patient information

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYQuestion

1st theme OR OR OR

AND

2nd theme OR OR OR

AND

3rd theme OR OR OR

AND

4th theme OR OR OR

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYMind map your question

Research

question

1st

theme

4th

theme

3rd

theme

2nd

theme

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym synonym

synonym

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTruncation

treat

treats

treating

treated

treater

treatment

treatments

bull Treat

bull Treat

bull Treat$

Treatment

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Truncation wildcards

1 ndash teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull Go to httptinyurlcomembase

bull Click through to open EMBASE

bull Using advance search type a key word

(untick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo)

bull How many hits

bull Type the keyword with some truncation (use )

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Where in the article record do you want the termskeywords to appear

bull Title

bull Abstract

bull Allany field

bull Impact on sensitivityspecificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull In EMBASE

bull Type a key word and search by ldquokeywordrdquo

bull How many hits

bull Type a keyword and search by ldquotitlerdquo

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 18: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic

NOT ndash to restrict your search so that it does not contain a particular term

eg

Hypoglycaemia NOT hyperglycaemia

The first but not the second term must be present

hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

patient education OR patient information

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYQuestion

1st theme OR OR OR

AND

2nd theme OR OR OR

AND

3rd theme OR OR OR

AND

4th theme OR OR OR

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYMind map your question

Research

question

1st

theme

4th

theme

3rd

theme

2nd

theme

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym synonym

synonym

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTruncation

treat

treats

treating

treated

treater

treatment

treatments

bull Treat

bull Treat

bull Treat$

Treatment

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Truncation wildcards

1 ndash teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull Go to httptinyurlcomembase

bull Click through to open EMBASE

bull Using advance search type a key word

(untick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo)

bull How many hits

bull Type the keyword with some truncation (use )

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Where in the article record do you want the termskeywords to appear

bull Title

bull Abstract

bull Allany field

bull Impact on sensitivityspecificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull In EMBASE

bull Type a key word and search by ldquokeywordrdquo

bull How many hits

bull Type a keyword and search by ldquotitlerdquo

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 19: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

rdquoIs patient education effecting in improving blood sugar control

in teenage diabeticsrdquo

teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

patient education OR patient information

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYQuestion

1st theme OR OR OR

AND

2nd theme OR OR OR

AND

3rd theme OR OR OR

AND

4th theme OR OR OR

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYMind map your question

Research

question

1st

theme

4th

theme

3rd

theme

2nd

theme

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym synonym

synonym

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTruncation

treat

treats

treating

treated

treater

treatment

treatments

bull Treat

bull Treat

bull Treat$

Treatment

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Truncation wildcards

1 ndash teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull Go to httptinyurlcomembase

bull Click through to open EMBASE

bull Using advance search type a key word

(untick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo)

bull How many hits

bull Type the keyword with some truncation (use )

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Where in the article record do you want the termskeywords to appear

bull Title

bull Abstract

bull Allany field

bull Impact on sensitivityspecificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull In EMBASE

bull Type a key word and search by ldquokeywordrdquo

bull How many hits

bull Type a keyword and search by ldquotitlerdquo

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 20: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYQuestion

1st theme OR OR OR

AND

2nd theme OR OR OR

AND

3rd theme OR OR OR

AND

4th theme OR OR OR

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYMind map your question

Research

question

1st

theme

4th

theme

3rd

theme

2nd

theme

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym synonym

synonym

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTruncation

treat

treats

treating

treated

treater

treatment

treatments

bull Treat

bull Treat

bull Treat$

Treatment

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Truncation wildcards

1 ndash teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull Go to httptinyurlcomembase

bull Click through to open EMBASE

bull Using advance search type a key word

(untick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo)

bull How many hits

bull Type the keyword with some truncation (use )

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Where in the article record do you want the termskeywords to appear

bull Title

bull Abstract

bull Allany field

bull Impact on sensitivityspecificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull In EMBASE

bull Type a key word and search by ldquokeywordrdquo

bull How many hits

bull Type a keyword and search by ldquotitlerdquo

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 21: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYMind map your question

Research

question

1st

theme

4th

theme

3rd

theme

2nd

theme

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym

synonym synonym

synonym

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTruncation

treat

treats

treating

treated

treater

treatment

treatments

bull Treat

bull Treat

bull Treat$

Treatment

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Truncation wildcards

1 ndash teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull Go to httptinyurlcomembase

bull Click through to open EMBASE

bull Using advance search type a key word

(untick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo)

bull How many hits

bull Type the keyword with some truncation (use )

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Where in the article record do you want the termskeywords to appear

bull Title

bull Abstract

bull Allany field

bull Impact on sensitivityspecificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull In EMBASE

bull Type a key word and search by ldquokeywordrdquo

bull How many hits

bull Type a keyword and search by ldquotitlerdquo

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 22: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTruncation

treat

treats

treating

treated

treater

treatment

treatments

bull Treat

bull Treat

bull Treat$

Treatment

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Truncation wildcards

1 ndash teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull Go to httptinyurlcomembase

bull Click through to open EMBASE

bull Using advance search type a key word

(untick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo)

bull How many hits

bull Type the keyword with some truncation (use )

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Where in the article record do you want the termskeywords to appear

bull Title

bull Abstract

bull Allany field

bull Impact on sensitivityspecificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull In EMBASE

bull Type a key word and search by ldquokeywordrdquo

bull How many hits

bull Type a keyword and search by ldquotitlerdquo

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 23: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Truncation wildcards

1 ndash teenagers OR teens OR adolescents

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycaemia OR hyperglycaemia

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull Go to httptinyurlcomembase

bull Click through to open EMBASE

bull Using advance search type a key word

(untick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo)

bull How many hits

bull Type the keyword with some truncation (use )

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Where in the article record do you want the termskeywords to appear

bull Title

bull Abstract

bull Allany field

bull Impact on sensitivityspecificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull In EMBASE

bull Type a key word and search by ldquokeywordrdquo

bull How many hits

bull Type a keyword and search by ldquotitlerdquo

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 24: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull Go to httptinyurlcomembase

bull Click through to open EMBASE

bull Using advance search type a key word

(untick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo)

bull How many hits

bull Type the keyword with some truncation (use )

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Where in the article record do you want the termskeywords to appear

bull Title

bull Abstract

bull Allany field

bull Impact on sensitivityspecificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull In EMBASE

bull Type a key word and search by ldquokeywordrdquo

bull How many hits

bull Type a keyword and search by ldquotitlerdquo

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 25: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

bull Where in the article record do you want the termskeywords to appear

bull Title

bull Abstract

bull Allany field

bull Impact on sensitivityspecificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull In EMBASE

bull Type a key word and search by ldquokeywordrdquo

bull How many hits

bull Type a keyword and search by ldquotitlerdquo

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 26: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask

bull In EMBASE

bull Type a key word and search by ldquokeywordrdquo

bull How many hits

bull Type a keyword and search by ldquotitlerdquo

bull How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 27: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 28: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpwwwncbinlmnihgovp

ubmed20144404

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 29: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYTask - EMBASE

bull Type in a keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp explode

How many hits

bull Type in same keyword tick ldquomap to subject headingrdquo

Relevant match Select amp focus

How many hits

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 30: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

MeSH

1 ndash teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

2 ndash patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as

Topicldquo

AND

3 ndash blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR

exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 31: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Inclusion exclusion criterion

teen OR adolesce OR expAdolescentldquo

AND

patient education OR patient information OR exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

AND

blood sugar OR blood glucose OR hypoglycae OR hyperglyca OR exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo OR

expHypoglycemialdquo

From topic to search

Year of publication Humans vs Animals

Type of publication Language of publication

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 32: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

1 teen

2 adolesce

3 expAdolescentldquo

4 1 or 2 or 3

5 patient education

6 patient information

7 exprdquoPatient Education as Topicldquo

8 5 or 6 or 7

9 blood sugar

10 blood glucose

11 hypoglycae

12 hyperglyca

13 exprdquoBlood Glucoseldquo

14 expHypoglycemialdquo

15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14

16 4 and 8 and 15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 33: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 34: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY1 clinical trialpt

2 randomizedabti

3 placeboabti

4 dtfs

5 randomlyabti

6 trialabti

7 groupsabti

8 or1-7

9 Animals

10 Humans

11 9 not (9 and 10)

12 8 not 11

13 dorsalgiaabti

14 exp Back Pain

15 exp Low Back Pain

16 backacheabti

17 (lumbar adj pain)abti

18 coccyxabti

19 coccydyniaabti

20 exp Sciatica

21 sciaticaabti

22 spondylosisabti

23 lumbagoabti

24 or13-23

25 exp Spine

26 discitisabti

27 exp Spinal Diseases

28 (disc adj degeneration)abti

29 (disc adj prolapse)abti

30 (disc adj herniation)abti

31 spinal fusionsh

32 spinal neoplasmssh

33 (facet adj joints)abti

34 intervertebral disksh

35 postlaminectomyabti

36 arachnoiditisabti

37 (failed adj back)abti

38 or25-37

39 exp activities of daily living

40 activities of daily livingtw

41 day to day activ$tiab

42 daily activit$tiab

43 ordinary activit$tiab

44 normal activit$tiab

45 stay$ activetiab

46 exp Bed Rest

47 bed restmp

48 or39-47

49 24 or 38

50 12 and 49

51 48 and 50

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 35: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute

low-back pain and sciatica

The objective of this review is to determine the effects of advice to rest in bed or stay active for patients with acute low-back pain or sciatica

The following comparisons will be made

bull Bed rest versus staying active

bull Bed rest versus other treatments (besides staying active)

bull Shorter periods of bed rest versus longer periods of bed rest

bull Staying active versus other treatments (besides bed rest)

bull Comparison between different forms of advice to stay active (eg avoiding bedrest staying active)

httpmrwintersciencewileycomcochraneclsysrevarticlesCD007612pdf_fshtml

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 36: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYFrom topic to search

same strategy different words

Moving from one database to anotherhellip

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 37: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Embase (via OVID)1 Clinical study

2 Case control study

3 Family study

4 Longitudinal study

5 Retrospective study

6 Prospective study

7 Randomized controlled trials

8 6 not 7

9 Cohort analysis

10 (Cohort adj (study or studies))mp

11 (Case control adj (study or studies))tw

12 (follow up adj (study or studies))tw

13 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

14 (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies))tw

15 (cross sectional adj (study or studies))tw

16 Or1-58-15

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 38: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

From topic to search

same strategy different words

bull httpwwwsignacukmethodologyfiltershtml Observational Study Filters

Medline (via OVID)1 Epidemiologic studies

2 Exp case control studies

3 Exp cohort studies

4 Case controltw

5 (cohort adj (study or studies))tw

6 Cohort analy$tw

7 (Follow up adj (study or studies))tw

8 (observational adj (study or studies))tw

9 Longitudinaltw

10 Retrospectivetw

11 Cross sectionaltw

12 Cross-sectional studies

13 Or1-12

Medline (via Pubmed)

1 ldquoEpidemiologic studiesrdquo[Mesh]

2 ldquocase control studiesrdquo[Mesh]

3 ldquocohort studiesrdquo[Mesh]

4 Case control[Text Word]

5 (cohort stud))[Text Word]

6 Cohort analy[Text Word]

7 (Follow up AND (study or studies))[Text Word]

8 (observational AND (study or studies))[Text

Word]

9 Longitudinal[Text Word]

10 Retrospective[Text Word]

11 Cross sectional[Text Word]

12 ldquoCross-sectional studiesrdquo[Mesh]

13 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR

7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 39: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYKeywords

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

bull identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH

bull structuring your search strategy with boolean logic

References

bull DONrsquoT plagiarise

bull Donrsquot lose marks through sloppy references

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 40: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 41: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 42: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 43: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

databases

websites

hand searching

snowballing

books

grey literature

ongoing trials

bull httpwwwlibcamacukelectronicresources

bull Google Search by Organisation

bull Which journals are key to your work

bull WoK or Scopus

bull LibrarySearch or COPAC or GoogleBooks

bull Google blog search SIGLE conference proceedings

bull Trials registers

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 44: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References amp PDFs

bull Critically appraising

bull managing

bull storing

bull using them (cite while you write)

bull Data extraction

CASP httpwwwcasp-uknet

ldquoHow to read a paperrdquo Trish

Greenhalgh WB 18343 ndash in the Medical Library

or httptinyurlcombmj-trish

Zotero

Mendeley

EndnoteWeb

Endnote

Reference Manager

RefWorks

Papers

Pdf xchange

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 45: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

QuestionScoping

searchFull

search

Title and

abstract

screening

Full text

screening

Additional

searching

Included

references

agreed

Data

extractionSynthesis

Writing up

Reference

management

Protocol

Update

search

Full text

retrieval

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 46: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

bull alerts

bull journal TOCs

bull citation tracking

Email alerts

RSS feeds

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 47: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results ndash more info on data management

bull What is the data you need to record

bull Where will you record it Where will you store it

bull How will you record it

bull How will you share it

When should all this start

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 48: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

introducing the research topic

reviewing relevant literature

Identify relevant sources (and then search them)

References

Keeping up to Date

Management of process and results

Writing Up

bull what did you actually do

bull and where did you do it (750 words)

bull Search logdiary

bull Results matrix

bull Tidying up your strategy

bull What did you find where

bull Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 49: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

httpjechbmjcomcontent61121069fullpdf

httpwwwbmjcomcontent3287446991fullpdf

PRISMA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 50: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYBooks that might help

bull httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|1258728

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|317470

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|4750307

Or httphandbookcochraneorg

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|cambrdgedb|5651706

Or e-book version

httpsearchlibcamacukitemid=|eresources|324632

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 51: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYStopping

bull Repetition

bull Change in ratio of ldquogoodrdquo rdquobadrdquo articles retrieved

bull BoundariesParameters

bull Databases are not infinite

bull if your strategy is good enough

and your current awareness strategy is in place trust it and stop

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 52: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk

Page 53: Systematic reviews - a "how to" guide

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

MEDICAL LIBRARYHelp

Isla Kuhn

Deputy Medical Librarian

Medical Library

Box 111

Addenbrookersquos Hospital

Thank you

email ilk21camacuk

twitter ilk21

phone (01223) (3)36750

web httplibrarymedschlcamacuk