syrian refugees crises in turkey & europe - …€¦ · · [email protected] /...
TRANSCRIPT
SYRIAN REFUGEES CRISES IN TURKEY & EUROPE
Assoc. Prof. Dr. M. Murat ERDOĞAN
Director, Hacettepe University
Migration and Politics Research Center –HUGO
Ankara-Turkey
[email protected] / www.hugo.hacettepe.edu.tr / www.mmuraterdogan.com
September 2015
Humanitarian Cost of Civil War in Syria Between April 2011-September 2015
in Syria (population was 22,8 mio. in 2011 )› More than 250.000 people were killed
› More than 1 mio were injured
› More than 5 mio. Syrians fled their country
› More than 6 mio. were displaced Syrian territory
› 3-5 mio. people are waiting for the opportunity to escape from Syrian
› AND UNFORTUNATELY
› no hope of peace and security in Syria in the short ormedium term!
Turkeys Syrian RefugeePolicy:
-»Open Door Policy»
-“Non-refoulement”
-»Temporary protection status»
TURKEY 1.938.999
LEBANON 1.113.941
JORDAN 629.266
IRAQ 249.463
EGYPT 132.375
Almanya/Germany 98,738
İsveç / Sweden
64.685
Hollanda / Netherland
14,137
Avusturya / Austria
18,647
Danimarka / Denmark
11,296
Macaristan / Hungary
18.777
İsviçre /Switzerland
8.288
İngiltere / UK
7.030
Fransa / France
6.657
Belçika / Belgien
6.334
İtalya/ Italy
2.143
TURKEY
48,5%
LEBENON
23%
JORDAN
10%
Others
9%
EGYPT
3%
IRAQ
5%
SYRIANS REFUGEE
(September 2015)
TURKEY 1.938.999
LEBANON 1.113.941
JORDAN 629.266
IRAQ 249.463
EGYPT 132.375
260.209
(275,000 max.
capacity)
10 ilde /cities
25 Camps /
Barınma Merkezi
(Hatay, Gaziantep,
Şanlıurfa, Kilis, Mardin,
Kahramanmaraş,
Osmaniye, Adıyaman, Adana, Malatya)
6 Container/
Konteynerkent
19 Tent / Çadırkent
More than 55,2 % of Syrian Refugees in Turkey are under 18 Years old. It means:
1.070.328 Syrian in Turkey under 18 Years Old
(14 % ) 12-17 Years Old: 271.000
(21.2 %) 5-11 Years Old: 411.000
(20 %) 0-4 Years Old: 387.000
IT MEANS MINIMUM +150.000 SYRIAN BABIES WERE BORN IN TURKEY
IT MEANS MINUMUM + 600.000 SYRIAN CHILDREN ARE IN SCHOOL AGE
MORE THAN 150.000
SYRIAN BABIES WERE BORN IN
TURKEYBetw. APRIL 2011-SEPTEMBER 2015
The most important question for crises menagement:
«TEMPORARINESS» or «PERMANENCE»
MOST OF THEM WILL STAY IN TURKEY and
EUROPE FOR EVER
BECAUSE
* It is a nature of mass international migration
* Peace and security can not be achieved in the short
and medium term in Syria
FINANCIAL COST:
5,5-6 BILLION USD(PER DAY 2,5 MİLLİON USD PAY TURKEY ONLY FOR 25 CAMPS)
ONLY 5% INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT
HUMANITARIAN «SUPPORT»1,9-2 ,2 MİLLİON REFUGEE
IN THE WORLD 350.000 (5-9% of 4 Mio.)
AND
TURKEY AND THE OTHER NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES
HAVE NOW VERY SERIOUS
SECURITY AND SOCIAL RISKS FOR EVER
There was no realistic and commen EU policy and cooperation for Syrian Refugees:
Europe to Turkey: «Keep eastern door open to Syrians, but keep western
door closed…»*(*M.Murat Erdoğan, Syrian in Turkey: Social Acceptance and Integration, 2015)
1. Syrian Refugees knows after 4 years they can
not go back to Syria
2. Because of the geografical limitation of
Genova Convence 1951 non-european people
have in Turkey only «under temporary
protection» and they have no real refugee
status.
3. They have in Turkey and the other regional
countries no realistic future.
4. They take risk to build tehir new life better
Some of them died/killed in the way. But not
forget: In 2015: Died/Killed: 3.000
People, who rich the aim (Europe) over
300.000…
Of course they are ready to take risks..
5. After German policy it would be much difficult
to stop them.
Most refugees from Syrian are in Germany and Sweden . I find the support of Germany and German society's extremely important.
We can’t forget: It is also very big political risk for A.Merkel. I congratulate the German goverment and society.
Actually, there is an urgent need for burden-sharing within the EU.
This problem is not Germany, all Europe's common problems.
It should also be made in this regard close and realisticcooperation with the EU and Turkey.
Doç. Dr. M. Murat ERDOĞAN
Arda AKÇİÇEK * İdil AKINCI * Deniz AYDINLI
Selin ÇAKAR * Tuğçe ÇETİNKAYA * Mine GÜLTEKİN * Eda SEVİNİN
Buket TENEKE * Yrd. Doç. Dr. Elif UZGÖREN * Yrd. Doç. Dr. Ayselin YILDIZ
RAPOR/REPORT (2014) KİTAP / BOOK (2015)
TECHNICAL DETAILS OF THE RESEARCH
METHOD:
I. In-depth interviews (in 6 cities 144 interviews)• with Turks and Syrians- Semi-Structuredinterviews
II. Public Opinion Survey in Turkey (with 1501 participants in 18 cities)
III. Media Analysis (General-Local)
IV. NGO Analysis
18 CITIES
+18 / 1501 Person
October 2014
What is the defination of Syrians in Turkey for Turks?
PROPOSITIONS Strongly Agee
%
Agree
%
Neither Agree
Nor Disagree
%
Disagree
%
Strongly
Disagree
%
Syrians should be sent back to their
country even though the war is
ongoing % 12,4 18,2 11,6 45,3 12,5
Admission of Syrians without any
discrimination regarding their
language, religion and ethnical
background is a humanitarian
obligation on our part.
14,3 50,3 12,6 18,3 4,5
.
Sabah Star Yeni Şafak Yeni Akit Takvim Zaman Milliyet Hürriyet Posta Vatan Akşam SoL Evrensel, Birgün Radikal Agos Taraf Yeni Çağ Milli Gazete Yurt Aydınlık
Adana Haber
Gazetesi
Adana Medya
Gazetesi
Aliağa Ekspres
Gazetesi
Antakya Gazetesi
Atayurt Gazetesi
Besni Yeni Bakış
Gazetesi
Büyük Torbalı
Gazetesi
Ceyhan Mavi Haber
Gazetesi
Demokrat Mersin
Gazetesi
Doğru Haber
Gazetesi
Doğuş Gazetesi
Dokuz Eylül Gazetesi
Ege Hakimiyet
Gazetesi
Ege Olay Gazetesi
Ege Politik Gazetesi
Ege Postası
Ege Telgraf Gazetesi
Ekspres Gazete
GAP Gündemi Gazetesi
GAP Olay Haber
Gazetesi
Gazete Adana Gazete
Adıyaman
Gazete Dokuz Eylül
Gazete Gölbaşı
Günaydın Adana
Gazetesi
Güncel Gazete
Haber Ekspres Gazetesi
Haberdar Gazetesi
Hududeli Gazetesi
İskenderun Ses Gazetesi
İstanbul Olay Gazetesi
Kadıköy Gazetesi
Kahramanmaraş
Gazetesi
Kahramanmaraş’ta
Bugün Gazetesi
Kahta Gündem
Gazetesi
Kent Gazetesi
Kilis Postası
Mersin Gazetesi
Mersin Haberci
Gazetesi
Mersin İstikbal
Gazetesi
Nizip Denge Gazetesi
Özyurt Gazetesi
Refleks Gazetesi
Şanlıurfa Gazetesi
Şanlıurfa Olay
Gazetesi
Tarsus Haber
Gazetesi
Telgraf Gazetesi
Urfa Haber Gazetesi
Urfa Times Gazetesi
Yenigün Gazetesi
Yeni Adana Gazetesi
Yeni Afşin Gazetesi
Yeni Asır Gazetesi
Yeni Ceyhan
Gazetesi
Yorum Gazetesi
5 Ocak Gazetesi
Type of NGO’s
Reight Based NGO’s
Religious Based NGO’s
Aid Based NGO’s
Micro Local NGO’s
International NGO’s
PROJECTIONS / RECOMMENDATIONS
This study shows that despite the occasional negative attitudes in line with racism, xenophobia and hate,
the level of general social acceptance is unusually high for
Syrians in Turkey.
However, this social acceptance
case may not be open-ended,
infinite and sustainable in its current form.
There is significant evidence to anticipate that it will not be possible to establish peace in Syria in the foreseeable future; thus, the refugee influx is likely to continue.
During this process, countries neighboring Syria, Turkey and Jordan particularly, have been left alone by the prosperous-developed Western world.
Turkey and other neighboring countries
became the victims of universal open
doors policy. Each international crisis has
the potential to trigger a domestic crisis in a neighboring country.
Day by day, it becomes harder to define
Syrians as guests and it recalls the very
similar experience of Turks in Europe: not of acceptance but of exclusion.
Attitudes of society toward Syrians
display a essentially “rights-based”
character. For example, the proposition
that “They should be sent back home,
even though the war is ongoing” is without doubt opposed.
Despite the neighborhood and ethno-
religious similarities, cultural proximity
with Syrians is drastically low in Turkish
society. In fact, a serious level of
marginalization has been detected. The
proposition of “I think we are culturally
similar with Syrians” got a mere 17% support.
Despite the neighborhood and ethno-
religious similarities, cultural proximity
with Syrians is drastically low in Turkish
society. In fact, a serious level of
marginalization has been detected. The
proposition of “I think we are culturally
similar with Syrians” got a mere 17% support.
Although the Syrians living in Turkey state
that they may eventually return if a
peaceful environment is established in their
country, they admit that it is becoming
impossible in short and middle terms.
Therefore, that a significant amount of
Syrians will not turn back and permanently
stay in Turkeyand Europe is an evident reality.
In Syria and some other region countrieswaiting and trying millions of people to richEurope.
Extreme imbalances in economic, in political in security field between the regions is themobility will go on.
It is also not easy to find solutions. But it is a reponsibility of western countries to makerealistic policy to the other countries. It will helpalso for their stability, development and peace.
INTEGRATION POLICY… NOW!
Turkey’s Syrian policy, which is based on temporariness, should be maintained in a way and Turkey has to make an effort both for establishing a peaceful environment in Syria and for helping Syrians return to their country.
On the other hand, considering that at least 1,5-2 million Syrians are going to stay in Turkey permanently, policies of integration should be commence synchronously.
The issue of Syrians in Turkey and Europe is candidate to be the topic of forthcoming decades.
EU must be have more realistic andeffective cooperation with Turkey
Refugee Crises is not only a crises forTurkey. It is also not only a crises forEuropean Countries. It is a global problem and we have to find global solutation.
There is an urgent need for burden-
sharing within the EU and a commen EU
policy with Turkey.
In Syria and some other countries in the regionmillions of people are waiting and trying to reach Europe.
Extreme imbalances in economic and political security between regions will keep mobility going.
It is also not easy to find solutions. But it is a reponsibility of western countries to make realistic policy in relation to the other countries. It will help also for their stability, developmentand peace.
SYRIAN REFUGEES CRISES IN TURKEY & EUROPE
Assoc. Prof. Dr. M. Murat ERDOĞAN
Director, Hacettepe University
Migration and Politics Research Center –HUGO
Ankara-Turkey
[email protected] / www.hugo.hacettepe.edu.tr / www.mmuraterdogan.com
September 2015