syrian culture resource
TRANSCRIPT
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Syrian Culture Resource
Heather Franks
Cohort 34
Spring 2005
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Topic References
1. Religions
2. Holidays
3. Education
4. Faily !i"e
5. #hat $eachers Should %nderstand
&. !iterature'. $eacher (uidelines
). $he *atree+ Faily, -ourney to erica
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Religions
/aority religion, Sunnite /usli ther /usli religions, laites sailis
and Shiite 6on7/usli aority religion, Christian
(reek rthodo8 and erican rthodo8
/inority religions, 9ruses :related tosla; -eish :dindling
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Majority Religion
/uslis practice the "i=e pillars o" sla. Shahada is the pro"ession o" "aith, >$here is no (od
+ut (od :llah; and /ohaed is his prophet.?
Salat is the re@uireent to pray "i=e ties a day, atdan idday id7a"ternoon sunset and e=ening.
Zakat is the gi=ing o" als to the poor.
Saum is the re@uireent to "ast "ro sunrise tosunset during the onth o" Raadan.
Hajj is the pilgriage to /ecca that /uslis ust
ake at least once in their li=es.A /ay include a stop in /edina to pay respects at the
Brophets gra=e. http,DDcp.settleent.orgDenglishDsyriaD
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Majority Religion
Sunnite /usli, e+er o" the +ranch o"
sla that accepts the "irst "our caliphs as
right"ul successors to /uhaad. Caliph, the ci=il and religious leader o" a /usli state
considered to +e a representati=e o" llah on earth any
radical /uslis +elie=e a *hali"ah ill unite all slaic lands
and people and su+ugate the rest o" the orld.?
A *hali"ah, synony o" caliph http,DD.orldre"erence.co
http://www.worldreference.com/http://www.worldreference.com/
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Majority Religion
/usli, +elie=er or "olloer o" sla sla, the onotheistic religion o" /uslis "ounded
in ra+ia in the 'th century and +ased on the
teachings o" /uhaad as laid don in the *oran.A *oran, $he sacred ritings o" sla re=ealed +y (od to the
prophet /uhaad during his li"e at /ecca and /edina.
A /uhaad, $he ra+ prophet ho "ounded sla :5'07&32; /ecca, oint capital :ith Riyadh; o" Saudi ra+ia located in
estern Saudi ra+ia as the +irthplace o" /uhaad it is theholiest city o" sla.
/edina, city in estern Saudi ra+ia site o" the to+ o"/uhaad the second ost holy city o" sla
G http,DD.orldre"erence.co
http://www.worldreference.com/http://www.worldreference.com/
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Minority Religion
9rue, an adherent o" an esoteric onotheisticreligious sect li=ing in the relati=e security o"the ountains o" Syria and !e+anon ho+elie=es that l7haki as an incarnation o"(od. Esoteric, con"ined to and understanda+le +y only an
enlightened inner circle.
l7haki, an saili caliph o" Egypt ho declaredhisel" an incarnation o" (od and "ounded the9rue religious sect :I)571021;.
A http,DD.orldre"erence.co
http://www.worldreference.com/http://www.worldreference.com/
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Holidays
Syrian /usli Holidays Raadan
Eid al-Fitr Eid al-Adha
/uharra
Syrian Christian Holidays Christas
Catholic or rthodo8 Easter
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Syrian Muslim Holidays
$he dates o" /usli holidays change
yearly
$he slaic religion "ollos the !unar
calendar.
354 days in a year
A Each year the holidays are 11 days earlier thanthe pre=ious year.
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Syrian Muslim Holidays
Raadan, 6inth onth o" the slaiccalendar.
Fast "ro sunrise to sunset. tie "or re"lection o" spiritual atters.
Shos de=otion to llah and /ohaed.
Juilds sel"7discipline and encourages copassion"or those ho are less "ortunate.
9uring Raadan "ailies eat their e=ening ealith each other.
A http,DDcp.settleent.orgDenglishDsyriaDholidays.htl
http://cp.settlement.org/english/syria/holidays.htmlhttp://cp.settlement.org/english/syria/holidays.html
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Syrian Muslim Holidays
Eid al-Fitr , $he >+reaking o" the "ast? at theend o" Raadan.
Beople eat special "oods including seets andany people stay up all night.
Kisit "aily and ear ne clothes.
Children recei=e gi"ts o" oney "ro their relati=es.A $here are rides "or children in the streets and "ireorks at
night. $he cele+ration is three days.
A http,DDcp.settleent.orgDenglishDsyriaDholidays.htl
http://cp.settlement.org/english/syria/holidays.htmlhttp://cp.settlement.org/english/syria/holidays.html
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Syrian Muslim Holidays
Eid al-Adha, !asts "our days and coes
at the end o" the traditional season o"
pilgriage to /ecca. Cele+rates +rahas illingness to
sacri"ice his son to (od.
A http,DDcp.settleent.orgDenglishDsyriaDholidays.htl
http://cp.settlement.org/english/syria/holidays.htmlhttp://cp.settlement.org/english/syria/holidays.htmlhttp://cp.settlement.org/english/syria/holidays.htmlhttp://cp.settlement.org/english/syria/holidays.html
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Syrian Muslim Holidays
/uharra, $he +eginning o" the "irst onth inthe Hijara :lunar; calendar. s the /usli 6e Lear.
Coeorates the day on hich /ohaed andhis "olloers le"t /edina "or /ecca.
Festi=als held throughout the year,A Balyra Festi=al, Held in the desert and "eatures singing
and dancing as ell as cael and horse races.
A !atakia Syria, peace "esti=al is held during the onth o" ugust.
A Septe+er an international "olk "esti=al is held in Jusra. $he "esti=al continues e=ery night "or three eeks.
G http,DDcp.settleent.orgDenglishDsyriaDholidays.htl
http://cp.settlement.org/english/syria/holidays.htmlhttp://cp.settlement.org/english/syria/holidays.html
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Syrian Christian Holidays
Christian Syrians cele+rate Christas
and the Catholic or rthodo8 Easter.
Counities cele+rate these holidays.
nly a "e decorations appear in
Christas tie
A Christas lights are uncoon. http,DDcp.settleent.orgDenglishDsyriaDholidays.htl
http://cp.settlement.org/english/syria/holidays.htmlhttp://cp.settlement.org/english/syria/holidays.html
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Education
Briary education is "ree.
ttendance is andatory "or ages & to 15.
Students ear a green ilitary7style uni"or. $aught in ra+ic.
!earning a second language is andatory at
eight years7old. /ost students study English.
Religion is taught also.
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Education
Secondary education is "ree at state schools.
ges 15 to 1).
Four uni=ersities. Students pay a sall tuition to attend.
!iteracy rate has increased signi"icantly o=er
the last 20 years.
+out '1M.
A )&M o" en and 5&M o" oen.
http,DDcp.settleent.orgDenglishDsyriaD
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Family Life—Children
Ha=ing children is =ery iportant.
#hen a couple has a son the parents
take the nae o" their "irst son.
i.e., " they nae their son Lassar the
"ather +ecoes Abu Lassar or >"ather o"
Lassar? and the other +ecoes Umm Lassar or >other o" Lassar.?
A http,DDcp.settleent.orgDenglishDsyriaD
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Family Life—Marriage
Children do not lea=e their parents hoeuntil arriage. Soe nelyed couples li=e ith their parents "or
a "e years a"ter arriage.
#eddings are aor social e=ents. rranged arriages are coon in Syria.
n the city there is usually ore "reedo to choosea arriage partner.
A Barents o" couple ust * the arriage.
$he groo pays a +ride7price :ar; to the +rides"aily.
A http,DDcp.settleent.orgDenglishDsyriaD
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Family Life—Status
/en ha=e a strong indi=idual and "ailyhonor :ird;.
#oen do not ha=e e@ual status. /en and oen rarely socialie together
outside the hoe.
t is legal "or /uslis to ha=e ultiplei=es.
Rare "or Syrian "ailies to di=orce.A http,DDcp.settleent.orgDenglishDsyriaD
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Family Life—Relatives
$he elderly are respected.
Elders li=e ith their "ailies their entire li"e.
6ursing hoes are not a=aila+le. death in the "aily entails three days o"
ourning.
#oen relati=es o" the deceased ust ear +lackonths a"ter their passing.
A http,DDcp.settleent.orgDenglishDsyriaD
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Family Life—Structure
Batriarchal, $he hus+and or >head
an? is the leader o" the hoe.
Feales +eginning at a young age aree8pected to >help raiseNedO younger
+rothers and sistersPand continueNdO
that o+ligation until her deathP? $he *atree+ Faily
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spects of Culture that Teachers Should !nderstand
Feale students ay see to +e reclusi=e.$his can +e attri+uted to their lack o" socialstanding in Syria.
Syrian students o" /usli decent ill need topray during the school day. Set up a >special? place here they can go to pray.
Syrian students o" /usli decent are notgoing to eat at school during lunch hile theyare o+ser=ing Raadan. Je understanding o" their religious holiday. $his is
a practiced /uslis ha=e +een o+ser=ing "orcenturies.
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spects of Culture that Teachers Should !nderstand
$he ter /ohaedanis is o""ensi=eto /uslis ho +elie=e that llah not
/uhaad "ounded their religion. $eachers should +e care"ul o" the
@uestions they ask or coents adea+out a students religion.
$eachers should research the studentsreligion to preept a "au8 pas.
A http,DD.orldre"erence.co
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spects of Culture that Teachers Should !nderstand
#hen you need to speak ith a parento" your Syrian student the other ay
not +e alloed to ake a >decision?a+out her child ithout "irst consultingher hus+and.
$he ost iportant piece o" in"orationto keep in ind is that there is no>typical? Syrian student or "aily ust asthere is not in the %S.
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spects of Culture that Teachers Should !nderstand
Soe "ailies ha=e coe here to "ind sa"etyaare "ro the constant ar in the /iddle Eastthat has +een going on "or centuries hileothers are coing "or +etter opportunities.
$reat each "aily as their on unit. $he ayyou ill handle situations regarding a studentdepends a lot on the religious and social
+ackground that student coes "ro in Syriaand the aount o" education the parents ha=ehad.
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spects of Culture that Teachers Should !nderstand
Syria is an old country ith an e8tensi=e religious andpolitical +ackground.
Holy ars ha=e +een constant in Syria and
surrounding countries "or a long tie. Syria used to +e a larger country containing the land
o" hat is not srael and !e+anon. Jecause o" Syrias e8tensi=e history students ay
ha=e i8ed eotions regarding the %S and Syria. $ake the students "eelings into consideration. Je
+oth patient and understanding o" their countryshistory.
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Literature
9isney is uni=ersalQ
/iddle Eastern children are =ery "ailiar ith
9isney. Lou ay consider using a 9isney +ooksuch as >$he !ion *ing? to pro=ide the student a
co"ort one.
Cook+ooks
!et the children share their >Funds o" *noledge?through di""erent cook+ooks.
A Jelie=e it or not Jetty Crocker has cultural "oodsQ
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Literature
Concept Jooks
Concept +ooks tend to +e "illed ith
pictures. Students can learn the Englishters and share the ra+ic ters in the
concept +ook ith the class.
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Literature
%se these titles in your classroo as are"erence "or you as a learning e8perience"or your nati=e students and as a "ailiare8perience "or your Syrian student:s;, hsan /./. Muslim Festivals. llustrated +y
/./. hsan. Kero Jeach F!, Rourke Enterprises1I)'.
Jloo -onathan and Sheila S. Jlair. IslamicArts. Art and Ideas. !ondon, Bhaidon Bress1II'.
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Literature
Jloo -onathan and Sheila S. Jlair.
Islam : A Thousand Years of Faith and
Power. 6e Ha=en C$ and !ondon, Lale%ni=ersity Bress 2002.
Jurns *hephra. Mansa Musa. llustrated
+y !eo 9iane 9illon. San Francisco,
Harcourt Jrace 2001. Chal"onte -essica. I Am Muslim. 6e Lork
, Boer*ids Bress 1II&.
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Literature
Ellis 9e+orah. The Breadwinner . $oronto
C, (roundood 2000.
(oodin -an. Price of Honor: MuslimWomen Lift the eil of !ilence on the
Islamic World. 6e Lork, Blue 1II5.
*essler Cristina. "ne #i$ht: A !tor% from
the &esert. llustrated +y an Schoenherr.
6e Lork, Bhiloel Jooks 1II5.
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Literature
6a"" li8a. The Ara' Americans. 6e Lork,
Chelsea House 1I)).
6ye 6aoi Shiha+. The Fla$ of (hildhood:Poems from the Middle )ast. 6e Lork,
laddin Baper+acks 2002.
6ye 6aoi Shiha+. The !*ace Between
"ur Footste*s: Poems and Paintin$s fromthe Middle )ast. 6e Lork, Sion
Schuster 1II).
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Literature
#eiss7rush nne /arie. Ara'ian
(uisine. llustrated +y -ohn Jerry.
Jeirut !e+anon , 9ar n7na"as 1I)4. #prser Richard. American Islam:
+rowin$ ,* Muslim in America. 6e
Lork, #alker Co. 1II4.
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"uidelines for Teachers
*no that "eales ay not ha=e the
sae aount o" education as ales the
sae age +ecause oen do not ha=ethe sae rights as en.
#hen pro+ing the class do not put
students on the spot unless they areco"orta+le
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"uidelines for Teachers
For counselors
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"uidelines for Teachers
$hough these students ha=e +een
educated any ties the schools are
o=ercroded on dou+le session andithout up7to7date in"oration.
Lou ay ha=e +uild an entirely ne
"oundation o" knoledge "or that studentand o=ercoe their isconceptions or out7
o"7date conceptions regarding acadeics.
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The #atree$ Family% &ourney to merica
1)I4
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The #atree$ Family% &ourney to merica
1)I471)I&
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The #atree$ Family% &ourney to merica
1)I'7"e years
Elias and Sarah ere a+le to a""ord to +ring
Elias sister and hus+and to the %S andSarahs to +rothers.
A nn and her hus+and o=ed to /c*eesport.
A Sarahs +rothers o=ed to #est 6eton.
$he aority o" Syrian iigrants "ro Jur Sa"ita
ere li=ing in #est 6eton at that tie.
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The #atree$ Family% &ourney to merica
6ot all o" the *atree+7!i++os "aily as
a+le to enter the %S +ecause o" @uota
reasons. /any e+ers o" y "aily iigrated to
Jrail here that part o" the "aily still is
today.
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Resources and References
http,DD.orldalanac"orkids.coDe8
ploreDnationsDsyria.htl
http,DD.scils.rutgers.eduDM'Ek=anderDChildren!itDislaicliteratur
e.ht
http,DD.scils.rutgers.eduDM'Ek=anderDChildren!itDinde8.htl
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Resources and References
http,DDcp.settleent.orgDenglishDsyriaDhol
idays.htl
http,DD.orldre"erence.co *atree+ Charles. $he *atree+ Faily.
Florida 1II5.