Synthesis & Transformation

HWS

These are just some examples…

•And…•If…•When…•Before…•After…•Both…•…because…

•Direct to indirect speech•Active to passive

Let’s start with the simpler ones

Peter likes to jog.Susan likes to jog too.

Both _____________________Peter and Susan like to jog.

Learning point:Subject verb agreement.

Let’s start with the simpler ones

It was about to rain.I took an umbrella with me.

_____________ because_________I took an umbrella with me

Learning point:Logical order

it was about to rain.

Let’s start with the simpler ones

I better leave now.I want to be on time.

If ______________ , ___________I want to be on time

Learning point:Logical order

I better leave now

Let’s start with the simpler ones

Nick is hungry.Nick will go to the hawker centre.

When ________ , ______________Nick is hungry

Learning point:Logical order and the correct use of pronouns

he will go to the hawker centre.

These are just some examples…

•And…•If…•When…•Before…•After…•Both…•…because…

•Direct to indirect speech•Active to passive

Direct to indirect speech

The teacher said, “The sun rises from the East.”

The teacher said that _________________the sun rises from the East.

Learning point:For scientific facts, do not change the tenses.

Direct to indirect speech

The teacher explained, “Light travels in a straight line.”

The teacher explained that _______________light travels in a straight line.

Learning point:For scientific facts, do not change the tenses.

Direct to indirect speech

Mr Tan tells his pupils, “I’m going to teach you how to add.”

Mr Tan tells his pupils that ________________he is going to teach them how to add.

Learning point:When the reported speech is done almost immediately, tenses do not change.Correct use of pronouns

Direct to indirect speech

Mrs Lim says, “I’m so excited.”

Mrs Lim says that ________________she is so excited.

Learning point:When the reported speech is done almost immediately, tenses do not change.Correct use of pronouns

Direct to indirect speech

Mrs Lim says, “I’m so excited.”

Mrs Lim says that ________________Mrs Lim said that ________________

she is so excited.

Learning point:When reported speech is made much later, the tenses have to be changed.

she was so excited.

Direct to indirect speech

Mr Lee told his pupils, “We are having a test now.”

Mr Lee told his pupils that _______________________

Learning point:When reported speech is made much later, the tenses have to be changed. Other changes include pronouns, time and modals.

they were having a test then.

Direct to indirect speech• now ----- then• here ----- there• ago ----- before• thus ----- so• today ----- that day• tomorrow ----- the next day, the day after• yesterday ----- the day before• last night ----- the night before• this ----- that• these ----- those

Time tags have to be changed!!

Direct to indirect speech• will ----- would• must ----- ought to / had to• shall ----- should• can ----- could• may ----- might

Modals have to be changed!!

Synthesis & Transformation

•And…•If…•When…•Before…•After…•Both…•…because…

•Direct to indirect speech*•Active to passive

* Note: Special cases- Factual statements & reported speech made immediately.

Active voice to passive voice

•The burger was eaten by Puii. (Passive voice)

•Puii ate the burger. (Active voice)

Note: We the participle form and not past tense.

Do you know your participles?Present Past Participle•write •wrote •written•drink •drank •drunk•speak •spoke •spoken•take •took •taken•run •ran •run•come •came •come•cut •cut •cut•put •put •put•mark •marked •marked•walk •walked •walked

Active voice to passive voice

•The test papers were marked by Mr Tan. (Passive voice)

•Mr Tan marked the test papers yesterday. (Active voice)

Active voice to passive voice

•The test papers were marked. (Passive voice)

•Someone marked the test papers yesterday. (Active voice)

We use passive voice when the subject (doer) is unknown.

Active voice to passive voice

•The test papers were marked yesterday. (Passive voice)

•Someone marked the test papers yesterday. (Active voice)

We use passive voice when the subject (doer) is unknown.

•A complaint letter was written to the government. (Passive voice)

•The people wrote a complaint letter to the government. (Active voice)

Active voice to passive voice

•The cat was eaten by (Passive voice)

•The rat ate the cat! (Active voice)

We use passive voice when we want to express something with a dramatic effect!

the rat !

More examples of the effective use of passive voice

•The teacher was scolded by

Dramatic effect!

the pupil !•The lion was chased by a pussy

cat !•The money was stolen by a police officer !