SYNOVIAL JOINTSWhat are they?!

Skeletal System

Features of a synovial joint include:

Articular capsule joint capsule; the saclike envelope enclosing the cavity of a synovial joint.

Articular cartilage reduce friction and absorb shock.

Synovial membrane the inner layer of the capsule which secretes synovial fluid

Synovial fluid a lubricating liquid Bursae a small fluid-filled sac situated in places in

tissues where friction would otherwise occur. Meniscus A disk of cartilage that acts as a cushion

between the ends of bones in a joint.

Skeletal System

The 6 types of synovial joint are:

Ball and socket Hinge Pivot Gliding Condyloid (ellisoid) Saddle

synovial joint types

Skeletal System

Hinge Joint

This allows movement in one plane only : UNIAXIAL

Examples:

Knee Joint - used extensively in sport.

Arm Joint

Pivot Joint

This allows rotation only and is therefore also uniaxial.

Examples:

Axis and atlas bones of cervical vertebrae

Ellipsoid Joint

This is biaxial, allowing movement in two planes

Examples:

Radio-carpal joint of the wrist

Gliding Joint

This is when two flat surfaces glide over one another and can permit movement in most directions, although mainly biaxial.

Examples:

Carpel Bones in the Wrist

Saddle Joint

This is when a concave surface meets a convex surface and is biaxial.

Examples:

Carpal-metacarpal joint of the thumb.

Ball and Socket JointThis allows a wide range of movement and occurs when a round head of bone fits into a cup-shaped depression.

Examples:

Shoulder joint

What holds our bones at a joint?• LIGAMENTS!

• These are bands of c……………. t…………. between bones. They prevent extreme movement and d………………….

• They are very tough and help join bones together and keep them stable.

• Some form the s…………… c…………… while others are outside the capsule.

Why don’t our bones bang together?!

• CARTLIAGE!• This is soft connective tissue.• Cartilage has no b………… supply but receives nutrition

through diffusion from the surrounding c……………… network.

• There are three types of cartliage..• Yellow, hyaline/blue articular and white fibro

Articulating bones• These are the bones present at a synovial joint that allow

the m………………… to take place. • An example in the shoulder joint would be…

• Which is what type of joint?

How does a healthy lifestyle effect a performers joints?

• How does a HAL benefit joints?

• Short and long term benefits• Movement = secretion of s……………… fluid which

increases the r…… of movement at a joint• Long term increase in flexibility• Increase bone st............... and c……………. and

phosphate• Thicker h…………….. cartilage• Greater stretch potential of ligaments

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES• Think of a practical example for each of the Synovial

Joints.

• Hinge Sprinting• Pivot Turning head in Hockey • Ellipsoid Forehand clear in Badminton• Gliding Dribbling the ball in Hockey• Saddle Gripping tennis racket with thumb• Ball + Socket Athlete throwing a Javelin

Table teasers..• In your tables, come up with a multiple choice question

about something that you have learnt today or during the past couple of lessons.

• You will then choose a table to question and see if they can get the correct answer.